《情書》（Love letter），韓國SBS電視臺綜藝節目，被譽為“韓國的流行制造機”、綜藝節目中的“大長今”，由搞笑才能一流的韓國著名主持人姜虎東擔綱主持。該節目于2004年~2006年間， 每周六17:40在韓國SBS電視臺播出，200， 以下是為大家整理的關于情書膠囊3篇 , 供大家參考選擇。
情書膠囊3篇
【篇1】情書膠囊
濃縮咖啡共9款（可在以下9種espresso膠囊中任選9條）
1芮斯崔朵-Ristretto???????????????????????????????????????(濃度10)
2阿佩姬-Arpeggio?????????????????????????????????????????(濃度9)
3羅馬-Roma????????????????????????????????????????????????(濃度8)
4濃郁低因咖啡-Decaffeinato?Intenso??????????????(濃度7)
5?利梵托-Livanto??????????????????????????????????????????(濃度6)
6卡布姬婀-Capriccio??????????????????????????????????????? (濃度5)
7?沃魯托-Volluto??????????????????????????????????????????? ? (濃度4)
8?柯奇-Cosi?????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?? (濃度3)
9.溫和低因咖啡-Decaffeinato?????????????????????????(濃度2)?
Lungo和原產地咖啡共7款（可在以下4種lungo膠囊和3種原產地膠囊中任選1條）
10.Dulsao?do?Brazil???????????????????????????????(濃度5)
11.Rosabaya?de?Colombia???????????????????????(濃度6)
12.Indriya?from?India???????????????????????????(濃度10)
13.?Vivalto?Lungo???????????????????????????????????????????(濃度4)
14.?Decaffeinato?Lungo??????????????????????????????????(濃度2)
15.?Finezzo?Lungo?????????????????????????????????????????(濃度3)
16.Fortissio?Lungo?????????????????????????????????????????(濃度7)
備注:
如不備注所需口味,本店將隨機發貨,若需多拍LUNGO和原產地需另補差價，LUNGO每條補3元，原產地每條補4元。
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Nespresso雀巢咖啡膠囊10顆裝16種口味介紹：
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1、芮斯崔朵?Ristretto?黑色以拉丁美洲的阿拉比卡(Arabica)為主，取其精致口味，再混合少許非洲中部的羅布斯特(Robusta)加強粗獷的口感，醇度完美，余味持久。
苦度：強；酸度：弱；烘焙程度：重烘焙；特色：最香醇；?
濃度：10；杯量:?25?or?40ml
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2、阿佩姬?Arpeggio?????紫色這是純粹阿拉比卡豆(Arabica)所呈現出厚重口感的典型濃縮咖啡。配方選自中美洲知名咖啡農莊的濃香阿拉比卡豆(Arabica)，搭配少量較輕淡的巴西圣多斯(Santos)豆，取得口味上的平衡。以傳統義式風格蒸餾出小半杯加重口味的濃醇香。如果搭配些許奶泡，就是一杯瑪奇雅朵(Macchiato)。?
?
苦度：強；酸度：弱；烘焙程度：中淺焙；特色：最濃烈；
?濃度：9；杯量:?25?or?40ml
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3、羅馬?Roma??????????淡灰色豆種選自中非羅布斯特豆(Robusta)、拉丁美洲阿拉比卡豆(Arabica)和巴西圣多斯豆(Santos)，香醇濃烈是最大特色。這也是意大利咖啡師傅的最愛，表面有一層厚厚的咖啡油沬，濃嗆帶勁，口感濃烈芬芳，是卡布奇諾(Cappuccino)或拿鐵(Latte)的絕佳咖啡底。?
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苦度：強；酸度：弱；烘焙程度：深焙；特色：理想卡布奇諾咖啡底?
濃度：8，杯量:?25?or?40ml
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4、濃郁低因咖啡?Decaffeinato?Intenso??深紅色強烈飽滿的口感及些微使人振奮的明亮酸度，使得Decaffeinato?Intenso完整呈現了espresso的特色，以小杯飲用最能品嘗它香醇的口感，這款咖啡也適合用來做卡布奇諾或拿鐵等花式咖啡的基底。因為咖啡絕佳的稠度而產生燒烤及巧克力香氣，不論是咖啡油沫或是咖啡皆帶有顯著的風味。
?
苦度：強；酸度：弱；烘焙程度：深焙；特色：巧克力香氣；
濃度：7；杯量:?25?or?40ml
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5、利梵托?Livanto??????巧克力色精純的中南美洲上等阿拉比卡(Arabica)，研磨顆粒中等，耗時間烘焙，苦味醇度兼具，余味持久，提供微酸與潔凈的特殊口感，適合搭配早餐或添加牛奶。?
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苦度：中上；酸度：中弱；烘焙程度：深焙；特色：最適搭配早餐；
濃度：6；杯量:?25?or?40ml
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6、卡布姬婀?Capriccio???????綠色綜合拉丁美洲口感豐富的阿拉比卡豆(Arabica)和巴西圣多斯豆(Santos)以及少量的中非羅布斯特豆(Robusta)，呈現稠?燃 訓吶ㄋ蹩Х取？詬釁交 崴常 釓浞⑴菽逃停 傻鞒晌潞偷奈 材煽Х?(Viennois)。?
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苦度：中上；酸度：中弱；烘焙程度：中烘焙；特色：最均衡；
濃度：5；杯量:?25?or?40ml
7、沃魯托?Volluto?????金色
混合所有拉丁美洲的阿拉比卡豆(Arabica)，呈現精致柔和的口味，輕度烘焙研磨顆粒中等，保留完美的咖啡油脂，喝在口里有厚重口感，任何時間飲用皆宜。苦度：中弱；酸度：中弱；烘焙程度：淺焙；特色：最滑順；
濃度：4，建議飲量：40?ml
8、柯奇?Cosi????????咖啡色
選用中美洲稠度甚佳的阿拉比卡豆(Arabica)和東部非洲高海拔具有葡萄酒微酸風味的咖啡豆，另外混以少量溫和的圣多斯豆(Santos)，輕度烘焙，研磨顆粒中等，香氣濃郁，入口甘潤。任何時間皆可享用，也可加牛奶調制成拿鐵或添入巧克力醬飲用。?
苦度：弱；酸度：強；烘焙程度：淺焙；特色：最具果香?；
濃度：3；杯量:?25?or?40ml
9、溫和低因咖啡?Decaffeinato???紅色
是一款較淡且呈乳脂色的咖啡，在溫和及微酸之間取得巧妙的平衡，這款咖啡的油沫有著榛果般的顏色且使咖啡余韻持久。擁有在某些酒中具代表性的的紅果類香氣另外些微的干果香及乳油香更加深了咖啡獨特的香氣。?
苦度：中弱；酸度：弱；烘焙程度：淺焙；特色：具酒香味；
濃度：2；杯量:?25?or?40ml
10、Dulsao?do?Brazil??淡金色
來自巴西地道的Arabica咖啡,?由Bourbon(波旁)紅色咖啡豆與黃色咖啡豆相結合.?分別烘培的咖啡豆,?帶給Dulsao咖啡一種完美的圓潤與平衡.?您可從中品位到蜂蜜與大麥結合的甜美味道.
濃度:?5?????杯量:?25?or?40ml???11、Rosabaya?de?Colombia???淡紫色是來自哥倫比亞純正的多種Arabica咖啡豆的混合.?咖啡豆經過分別的烘培,?使該咖啡有一種精美的來
自于紅果的酸度.?品嘗咖啡的同時,?仿佛感受到紅酒的美味,?如此的醉人......濃度:?6????杯量:?25?or?40ml?
12、Indriya?from?India???墨綠色由來自印度南部的精選Arabica咖啡豆與Robusta咖啡豆混合制成.?該咖啡有著非常濃烈的味道,?并帶有一股辛香味,?那是來自丁香,?胡椒,?肉豆蔻的味道.濃度:?10???杯量:?25?or?40ml
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13、維瓦托?Vivalto?Lungo?藍色?度適中的濃烈咖啡，使用南美與東非生產的頂級阿拉比卡豆(Arabica)，在烘培中釋放出令人喜悅的花香味。加入牛奶飲用，更能突顯其風味。?
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苦度：中；酸度：弱；烘焙程度：中烘焙；特色：具花香味；
濃度：4；建議飲量：110ml
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14、美式低因咖啡?Decaffeinato?Lungo?橙色款咖啡顯現出一致的醇度及絕佳風味，其較緩慢的烘培過程使得Decaffeinato?Lungo呈現了與眾不同的口感，?請以大杯(110ml)享用。?
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苦度：中；酸度：弱；烘焙程度：淺培；特色：具深培咖啡香味；
濃度：2；建議飲量：110ml
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15、費尼朵?Finezzo?金色用拉丁美洲與東非生產的頂級阿拉比卡豆(Arabica)，加上少量非洲的羅布斯特(Robusta)，增加口味的深度，散發水果香氣，口味輕淡略帶果酸味。?
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苦度：中；酸度：弱；烘焙程度：淺培；特色：具果香味；
濃度：3；建議飲量：110ml
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16、Fortissio?Lungo?藍綠色來自中美洲與南美洲地區的Arabica咖啡豆制成.?可以從該咖啡中找到絲許Robusta咖啡豆的濃烈.?
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該咖啡,?味道濃烈,?苦味,?可以感受咖啡豆經過充分烘培所帶來的味道.濃度:?7???杯量:?110ml
【篇2】情書膠囊
1.1231 Microencapsulation of ammonium polyphosphate with PVA–melamine –formaldehyde resin
Preparation of microencapsulated APP
Synthesis of prepolymer: PVA (6, 9, 12, 15, or 18 g), melamine(4 g), and distilled water (200 ml) were put into a three necked bottle with a stirrer. The mixture was adjusted to pH 4–5 with acetic acid, heated to about 90C, and kept at that temperature for 1.5 hr. Then the pH was adjusted to pH 8–9 with 10% Na2CO3 solution, then 4 g melamine and 10 ml 37% formaldehyde solution were added into the system. The temperature was kept at 90C for 1 hr. The prepolymer solution was then prepared and it was ready for the next step.
Preparation of microencapsulated APP: 40 g APP was first dispersed in 100ml ethanol with a stirrer (1000 rpm, 5min). The prepolymer solution obtained from the above step was added to the mixture, and the pH of the mixture was adjusted to pH 4–5 with sulfuric acid. The resulting mixture was heated at 80C for 3 hr with stirring (300 rpm). After that, the mixture was filtered, washed with distilled water, and dried at 80C, and the VMFAPP powder was finally obtained. The D50 value of the microcapsules was about 20mm.
表征手段：TGA，SEM，LOI-UL94，FTIR，XPS，錐形量熱法，吸水率的影響
CONCLUSIONS:
In this work, APP was microencapsulated with VMF resin by an in situ polymerization method. Microencapsulated APP (VMFAPP) decreases its water absorption and increases its water resistance in PP matrix. The LOI values of the PP/ VMFAPP composites increase compared with those of the PP/APP composites at the same loading. It has been found that APP used alone in PP does not reach the UL 94 V-0 rating and VMFAPP used alone in PP can reach V-0 at the additive level of 30%. Moreover, after water treatment at 50C for 24 hr, the composites containing VMFAPP could still maintain good flame retardant properties. These results show that microencapsulation gives better water resistance and flame retardance compared with APP in PP. The cone calorimeter results show that VMFAPP is an effective flame retardant in PP compared with APP owing to the shell which can be used as blowing and carbonization agent. It is observed from the TG and dynamic FTIR study that VMFAPP can form a more stable charred layer which
can prevent the underlying polymer from further combustion in the condensed phase compared with APP in PP.
2. Synthesis of In Situ Encapsulated Intumescent Flame Retardant and the Flame Retardancy in Polypropylene
Preparation of the Encapsulated MP
PA6 resin was dissolved in excessive H3PO4 solution, and melamine was added to react with H3PO4 to produce MP (PA6/MP wt ratio: 1.0/5.7). With the consumption of H3PO4, the pH value increased and the dissolved PA6 gradually precipitated on the MP surface to obtain the encapsulated flame retardant, which was filtrated and dried before being filled into PP.
Preparation of the Flame Retardant PP
MP (encapsulated), PER (MP/PER wt ratio: 232/136), and PP were mixed in a certain proportion in a high-speed mixer. Then the mixture were extruded and injectionmolded in a twin-screw extruder (Φ 30 mm, L/D: 32, model: SLJ-30, Longchang Chemical Engineering Equipment
Factory, China) and an injector (K-TEC 40 Terromatik Milacron Corporation, Germany), respectively
CONCLUSION
The flame retardant MP was synthesized in the PA6/H3PO4 solution, and H3PO4 acted as the solvent of PA6, as well as the reactant. With the consumption of H3PO4 converting into the product, the system acidity decreased and the dissolved PA6 precipitated on the surface of the obtained MP particles, thus obtaining an encapsulated flame retardant. This encapsulated MP was incorporated with PER to compose an intumescent system used in PP. As the result of the isolating effects of macromolecular charring agentPA6 on MP, the MP–PER reaction temperature enhanced from 190 to 210°C, thus successfully solving the problem with regard to the MP–PER reaction temperature overlapping the processing temperature of PP. The TG and residual char morphology of the flame retardant materials indicated that the incorporation of a small molecular agent, PER, and a macromolecular charring agent, PA6, improved the charring properties of the materials compared with that of the intumescent system of MP with only PER. PP/encapsulated
MP/PER showed obviously better flame retardancy, as well as better mechanical properties, than those of PP/MP/PER, thus possessing higher commercial merits.
3. 王正洲，Microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate with urea–melamine–formaldehyde shell
Preparation of microencapsulated APP
UMF prepolymer synthesis
The mixture (10 g) of urea and MEL with different mass ratio (3:1, 1:1, or 1:3), 50 ml distilled water and 37% formaldehyde solution (with a mole ratio of 3:1) were put into a three-neck bottle with a stir. The mixture was adjusted to pH 8–9 with 10% Na2CO3 solution, heated to about 80C, and kept at that temperature for 1 hr. The UMF prepolymer solution was prepared.
Preparation of microencapsulated APP
The mixture of APP (40 g) and ethanol (100 ml) was first stirred at 1000 rpm for 5 min at room temperature. Then the above UMF prepolymer solution was added into the mixture, and the pH of the mixture was adjusted to 4–5 with sulfuric acid. The resulting mixture was heated to 80C and incubated at the same temperature for 3 hr with stirring(300 rpm). After that, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, filtered, washed with distilled water, and dried at 105C. The MCU-APP microcapsules were finallyobtained. The D50 value of the microcapsules is about 15 mm.
表征方法：
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra，FTIR
Solubility in water
Scanning electron microscopy
Content of the UMF resin measurement- inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (Atomscan Advantage, Thermo Jarrell Ash Corporation, USA)
UL-94 testing ，Limiting oxygen index
Cone calorimeter
Water resistance of FR PP composites
Thermogravimetry (TG)
4. 四川大學，Microencapsulation of decabromodiphenyl ether byin situ polymerization
2.2.1. Preparation of MF resin prepolymer
Into a three-necked flask were added 4.5 g melamine, 6.9 g 37% formaldehyde and 30 ml deionized water. The pH value was adjusted to 8.5 with 10% NaHCO3 aqueous solution. Melamine-formaldehyde prepolymer can be obtained in weak alkali conditions. The preferred pH range for this step is from about 7.0 to 9.0. It was prepared by stirring at 70 _C for 10 min until the mixture became transparent.
2.2.2. Preparation of MF microcapsules with DBDPO core
The second step was to prepare the MF microcapsule with DBDPO core. The above prepolymer was added into a three necked flask containing 40 g DBDPO powder and 300 ml deionized water and 2.5 g Tween 80. The second melamine-formaldehyde precondensate was affected by decreasing the pH value to about 4.0 and heating. The pH was lowered by adding acetic acid to the mixture and the mixture was stirred at 70 _C for 2 h with an impeller (Model JJ-1, Jintan Co. Ltd,China) the maximal power of which is 40 W, and the stirring
rate is 2000 rpm. The obtained microcapsules were centrifuged and washed with deionized water until they became neutral and then were dried in an oven to constant weight at 100 _C.
Reaction between melamine and formaldehyde at 70 _C leads to formation of tri- and hexa-methylomelamine as shown in Fig. 1 [13]. Further heating and acidification condense the methylolmelamine, and precipitate the resin. Through polycondensation reaction at acidic condition between methylols or between methylol and amidogen or imine group, the prepolymer was cross-linked either by ether linkage or methylene as shown in Fig. 2 [14].
5. 王正洲，Study on Flame Retardance of Co-Microencapsulated Ammonium Polyphosphate and Dipentaerythritol in Polypropylene
Preparation of Microcapsules
Preparation of the MF prepolymer: melamine and 37% formaldehyde solution (with a mole ratio of 3:1) were put into a three-neck bottle with a stir. The mixture was adjusted to pH 8–9 with 10% Na2CO3 solution, heated to about 80C and kept at that temperature for 1 h. The MF prepolymer solution was prepared and ready for use of the microencapsulation.
Preparation of microencapsulated additives: APP, DPER, or a mixture of APP and DPER with different
mass ratios of 3/1, 1/1, and 1/3 (60 g) was first dispersed in 150 ml ethanol. Then suitable amount of the MF prepolymer solution was added into the mixture, and the pH of the mixture was adjusted to 4–5 with sulfuric acid. The resulting mixture was heated at 80C for 2 h. After that, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, filtered, washed with distilled water, and dried at 105C. The microencapsulated additives were finally obtained.
Preparation of Flame Retarded PP Composites All flame retarded PP composites were mixed in a Brabender-like apparatus at a temperature about 180C for 15 min. After the mixing, the samples were hot-pressed at about 180C under 10 MPa for 10 min into sheets of suitable thickness for analysis
6.中科大， Synergistic effect between a char forming agent (CFA) and microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate
Synthesis of CFA15 參考專利-李斌，大分子三嗪成炭劑合成
Cyanuric chloride (1.0 mol) and water (400 ml) were fed into 1000 ml four-neck flask which was equipped with a stirrer, thermometer, dropping funnel, and reflux condenser. Ethanolamine (1.0 mol) and NaOH (1.0 mol) were mixed together in water and then the mixed solution was added dropwise into the flask, and regulated the pH to 5–8 by the speed of the dropwise. The reaction was kept at 0–5C for 3 hr. After that, a water solution of ethylenediamine (0.5 mol) and NaOH (1.0 mol) was added to the above reactive system
containing intermediate I and kept at pH=5–8 by the speed of the dropwise of the alkali solution. The reaction was kept at 40–50C for 10 hr. Finally, another mixed water solution of both ethylenediamine (0.5 mol) and NaOH (1.0 mol) was added to the above system containing intermediate II and was refluxed for 10 hr. It was then cooled to room temperature, and the product was filtered and washed with acetone and water. In this way the char forming agent was obtained (Scheme 1).
The elemental analysis of CFA shows the mol ratio C/N/H=6.0/7.01/13.01, which is similar to calculated values of C/N/H=6/7/12.
7.（1115.ftp）中科大瞿保君，Preparation and characterization of microcapsulated red phosphorus
Preparation of microcapsulated red phosphorus
The following two-step method were used to prepare the MRP sample. The first step was to prepare the
oligomer of melamine–formaldehyde resin. 4.5 g of melamine, 4.0 g of formaldehyde, and 40ml of distilled
water were put into a three-necked flask. The pH value of their suspension was adjusted to 7.5 with sodium
bicarbonate and the reaction mixture was heated to 70 ?C. After the suspension became transparent and
it was kept for 30 min at the same temperature and the solution was then cooled to room temperature in
air. The oligomer solution of melamine–formaldehyde was ready for the next step.
The second step was to prepare the MRP sample. The above oligomer was added into a three-necked
flask containing 40 g of red phosphorus powder and 100 ml of distilled water. The pH of the mixture was adjusted to 4.5–5.0 with aqueous hydrochloric acid. The mixture was stirred for 30 min and heated to
70–80 ?C for 40 min. The reaction mixture was kept at the same temperature for 1 h, and then left to cool to
room temperature. The product was filtered, washed three times with distilled water, and dried to constant
weight at 80 ?C. The dull red MRP powder sample was then obtained.
8. (222)Preparation and characterization of poly(urea-formaldehyde) microcapsules filled with epoxy resins
Preparation of microcapsules
PUF microcapsules were prepared by the following two-step process:
(1) At room temperature (20–25 C), U, F and deionized water were mixed in a 250 ml three-neck round- bottomed flask connected to a reflux condenser and equipped with a mechanical stirrer. After the urea dissolved, the pH of solution was adjusted to 8–9 with TEA and temperature was kept at 60–70 C for 1 h, then the U–F pre-polymer solution was obtained. Fig. 2(a) shows the reaction scheme of the formation of U–F in alkaline media.
(2) Under agitation, 100 ml of 2 wt% aqueous solution of SDBS was added to the as prepared pre-polymer solution, and then a slow stream of a prepared mixture of DGEBPA and BGE (weight ratio of BGE to DGEBPA: 0.2) was added to form an oil in water (O/W) emulsion. After stirred for 20–30 min, the pH of the emulsion was adjusted slowly
3. （1.pdf）Effects of polystyrene-encapsulated magnesium hydroxide
Styrene, azobisisobutyronitrile(AIBN), toluene, and hydrochloric acid were purchased from Shanghai Chemical Reagents Company and used without further treatment, except styrene which was distilled before use.
2.2. The preparation of PS-encapsulated Mg(OH)2
PS-encapsulated Mg(OH)2 was prepared as the method developed in our laboratory [23,24]. Magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) powder was dried at 120 _C for 6 h, and then was put into high-speed mixer by heating to 70 _C with a rotation speed of 1200 rpm. Then acetone solution of 3-(methacryloxy) propyltrimethoxy silane (MPS) with water and acetic acid was added under stirring for 20 min. The modified powder was dried at 80 _C for 12 h. Finally, modified powder, monomer (styrene), additional initiator (AIBN) were placed into the mixer with agitation fixed at 1200 rpm and heated in an oil bath at 80 _C for 45 min. The scheme of the polymer covering on the solid surface is shown in Fig. 1.
2.4. Preparation of polymer-encapsulated Mg(OH)2 composites
氫氧化鎂表面的羥基和硅烷MPS中的烷氧基反應接上到硅烷的主練，其中硅烷的主鏈上面含有不飽和雙鍵，當再次加入苯乙烯單體和引發劑后苯乙烯單體被引發到硅烷的主鏈上面，變成硅烷和聚苯乙烯的主鏈其中的末端帶上氫氧化鎂分子。整個原位反應是在高速混合機中進行的。
END-04-Synthesis of a novel intumescent flame retardant and its flame retardancy in polypropylene
poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)
Preparation of GMFAPP
Synthesis of prepolymer: PEG (6, 9, 12, 15 or 18 g), 4 g melamine and 200 ml distilled water were put into a three neck bottle with a stir. The mixture was adjusted to pH 4–5 with acetic acid, heated to about 90 °C and kept at that temperature for 1.5 h. Then the pH was adjusted by 10% Na2CO3 solution to 8–9, 4 g melamine and 10 ml 37% formaldehyde solution were added into the system. The temperate was kept at 90 °C for 1 h. The prepolymer solution was prepared and ready for use of the microencapsulation.
Preparation of GMFAPP: 40 g APP was first dispersed in 100 ml ethanol. The prepolymer solution obtained from above step was added into the mixture, and the pH of the mixture was adjusted to 4–5 with sulfuric acid. The resulting mixture was heated at 80 °C for 2 h. After that, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, filtered, washed with distilled water to the neutrality, and dried at 105 °C, and the GMFAPP powder was finally obtained. The proposed reaction scheme of formation of GMF resin is presented in Scheme 1.
4. 四川大學劉淵，（2.pdf）Melamine cyanurate-microencapsulated rp flame retardant
2.1. Materials
RP was provided by Tianjin Chemical Reagent Company,China; PA66 pellet (EPR27N) was purchased from ShenmaCo., China; melamine and cyanurate powder products were purchased
from Sichuan Chemical Company Limited Co., China;conventional melamine formaldehyde resin modified RP wasprovided by Changzheng Chemical Reagent Co., China.
2.2. Preparation of MERP
A calculated amount of fine RP powder was pre-dispersed in water, and melamine, cyanurate and catalyst with a set weight ratio (126/129/2) were added to conduct the self-assembly reaction for 1-1.5 h at 80-90 _C. With the increase of the system viscosity, original suspending solution was changed into viscous paste, which was dried and pulverized to MERP powder.
ＭＣＡ是由三聚氰胺和三聚氰酸在水中合成的三聚氰胺-三聚氰酸鹽,是一種靠氫鍵結合的加合物。利用三聚氰胺氰尿酸鹽、三聚氰胺和氰尿酸在溶劑中溶解度的差異將三聚氰胺、氰尿酸從MC產品中除去, 得到純凈的三聚氰胺氰尿酸鹽, 然后根據溶劑處理前后MC 產品的質量變化得到產品中準確的三聚氰胺氰尿酸鹽含量。
相關文獻：必須參考
【2】阻燃潤滑劑三聚氰胺氰尿酸鹽的合成，河北省科學院學報
劉淵.?通過分子復合改性三聚氰胺氰尿酸鹽及對PA6阻燃性能的研究[D]四川大學,?2004?.?
2.3. Preparation of flame retarded PA66
A calculated MERP with PA66 (and GF) was pre-mixed in a mixer, and the mixture was extruded and injection molded into standard bars by a twin-screw extruder (F: 30 mm, L/D: 32, SLJ-30 Longchang Chemical Engineering Equipment Co., China) and injector (K-TEC 40 Ferromatik Milacron Corporation, Germany), respectively.
物質 燃點 吸濕% 顏色
Melamine formaldehyde(resin/RP weight ratio: 1/4) 290 1.82 Shallow red
microencapsulated RPMERP (MCA/RPweight ratio: 1/4) 298 1.35 Shallow red
Pure RP 251 4.21 Reddish-brown
研究反應時間和MCA粘度的關系曲線
微膠囊紅磷的SEM，TEM照片
微膠囊紅磷中MCA含量對燃點，吸濕率，顏色
MCA含量對LOI影響，阻燃劑含量對LOI影響
燃燒殘炭樹脂表面形貌
阻燃PA66力學（拉伸，沖擊）垂直燃燒等級性能
與傳統微膠囊阻燃劑添加量進行對比（氧指數、力學性能）
5. 四川大學劉淵，(3.pdf) Preparation of Microencapsulated Red Phosphorus
Granulated RP were first wet-ground into a fine powder with average size 2 μm, which was evenly predispersed in water, then a calculated melamine, cyanurate, and a amount of catalyst were added to conduct the self-assembly reaction for 1.5 h of heating, and the paste product were finally dried and pulverized to a fine powder.
Preparation of Flame Retarded PA6
A weighed amount of microencapsulated RP and PA6 pellet were premixed in a high-speed mixer, then the mixture was extruded by a twin-screw extruder (_: 30 mm, L/D: 32, model: SLJ-30 Longchang Chemical Engineering Equipment Co., China). Finally, the bars for testing were prepared by injection molding (injector: K-TEC 40 Terromatik Milacron Corporation, Germany).
研究了TEM微膠囊的形態
燃點和MCA膠囊含量的曲線
吸濕率和MCA膠囊含量的曲線
氧指數與和MCA膠囊含量的曲線（分別填充7%和10%阻燃PA6）
熱失重分析討論不同PA/微膠囊MCA含量的紅磷
剩余殘炭的表面SEM圖片
與傳統的微膠囊紅磷對比，氧指數，垂直燃燒，還有拉伸沖擊彎曲強度比較
6. APP/MCA復合阻燃增強聚丙烯的研究-中國塑料，
1.1 主要原料
PP,700-501 30B,中國石油化工股份有限公司;APP,聚合度>1000,山東世安化工有限公司;
三聚氰胺,分析純,北京化學試劑公司;氰尿酸,分析純,北京化學試劑公司;偶聯劑(KH-560),分析純,北京化學試劑公司。
1.2 主要設備及儀器
雙輥開煉機,LRM-S-150/3E,瑞典Labtech Engi-neering公司;破碎機,HP-150,北京環亞天元機械技術有限公司;注塑機,XTF80X1,寧波海天塑料機械有限公司;電子萬能試驗機,CMT6104,深圳新三思材料檢測有限公司;極限氧指數儀,FTT0077,英國FTT公司;掃描電子顯微鏡(SEM),TESCAN VEGAⅡ,捷克TESCAN公司;熱失重分析儀(TGA),Q5000IR,美國TA公司。
1.3 樣品制備
MCA的合成:將三聚氰胺81.17 g,氰尿酸79.25 g,鹽酸20.9 mL在水浴80℃下,攪拌條件下依
次加入,攪拌速度為270 r/min,反應150 min后,用布氏漏斗過濾沉淀,并水洗至中性,在120℃下干燥12 h,產物為白色粉末,產率96.6 %;
APP/MCA阻燃PP復合材料的制備:按APP/MCA分別為10/0,9/1,8/2,7/3,6/4,5/5,0/10(質量
比,下同)的比例進行混合,制備阻燃劑APP/MCA,將25份APP/MCA加入PP中,加入二者總質量的
0.5 %的偶聯劑KH-560,混合均勻。經雙輥開煉機在200℃下開煉,經破碎機破碎造粒,經注塑機注射成型樣條。
耿妍，南京航空航天大學碩士論文
(1)分散包裹法
該法是先將阻燃劑磨碎、分散，然后用天然或合成高分子化合物或低分子有機物、無機物進行包裹而形成微膠囊。這種方法比較簡單，應用最廣。具體是將一種或幾種單體在引發劑、乳化劑(有時亦可不用)存在的條件下發生共聚或縮聚反應，在阻燃劑周圍包覆上一層高分子膜。其中，包裹劑本身的可燃性要小，若采用酚醛樹脂、脲醛樹脂或三聚氰胺-甲醛樹脂則比較理想；其溶解度參數要與被阻燃的高聚物相近，以保證兩者有良好的相容性；另外，包裹阻燃劑微粒的高分子膜必須能承受一定溫度和壓力而不致破裂。當制品一旦遇火受熱時，又要求這層高分子膜立即熔融破裂，釋放阻燃劑，以發揮阻燃功效。
用于包裹的成膜物質可分為兩大類，一類是無機物如水玻璃(硅膠)、無機鹽水溶液、氫氧化鋁以及Si、Ti、Mg、Fe、Zr的氧化物等。另一類是有機高分子物，它又分天然的和合成的。前者有動物膠、阿拉伯樹膠、各種蛋白質、淀粉及纖維素的衍生物(如乙基纖維素)；后者有聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯縮醛、聚氯乙稀、聚苯乙烯、聚酰胺、酚醛樹脂、水溶性脲醛樹脂、三聚氰胺-甲醛樹脂、環氧樹脂等。
3.2.1三聚氰胺-甲醛樹脂(預聚體)的合成機理
三聚氰胺-甲醛樹脂的結構直接影響其自身的性質和使用性能。三聚氰胺-甲醛樹脂的合成大致可以分為兩步[55]：第一步是由三聚氰胺和甲醛在一定反應下經羥甲基化反應得到，這是一種加成反應。但這種加成反應最后得到的往往并不是單一的加成產物的混合物。第二步是在加成后進一步發生縮聚反應，形成大分子樹脂。在三聚氰胺的分子上有三個氨基(-NH2)，因此對于甲醛來說共有六個官能團。在酸或堿的催化下，每摩爾三聚氰胺可以和1~6個摩爾的甲醛反應生成相應的羥甲基三聚氰胺[56~58]。其反應速度與反應體系的pH值、溫度、反應物的比例以及反應時間有關。三聚氰胺與甲醛在中性或弱堿性介質中發生加成反應，生成結構不同但比較穩定的羥甲基三聚氰胺：
在三聚氰胺-甲醛樹脂合成反應中，根據三聚氰胺與甲醛摩爾比的不同，可以分別得到三羥甲基三聚氰胺、四羥甲基三聚氰胺、五羥甲基三聚氰胺和六羥甲基三聚氰胺[59]。
低級三聚氰胺-甲醛樹脂相應的性能主要取決于樹脂中各類縮合產物之間的比例以及合成樹脂過程中所采用的反應條件和工藝過程。如果有酸性催化劑存在，低級三聚氰胺-甲醛樹脂生成以后，各羥甲基之間或羥甲基與其它氨基上的氫原子之間可進一步發生縮合反應，在各分子鏈內或鏈間由次甲基鍵或部分醚鍵放出小分子的水或甲醛，最終固化生成網狀結構的體型三聚氰胺-甲醛樹脂大分子。
3.1.2三聚氰胺-甲醛樹脂包覆APP的反應機理
當三聚氰胺與甲醛通過縮聚反應生成羥甲基三聚氰胺即預聚體后，將APP均勻混合在其中，在酸性介質中經過加熱，羥甲基三聚氰胺中的羥甲基進一步與氨基(-NH2)或羥基(-OH)發生縮合反應，生成線型或支鏈型結構的低級三聚氰胺甲醛樹脂。在酸性條件催化下，各羥甲基之間或羥甲基與其它氨基上的氫原子可以進一步發生縮合反應，在各分子鏈內或鏈間有次甲基鍵或部分醚鍵放出小分子的水或甲醛，最終固化生成體型網狀結構，將APP包裹在其中，形成核殼結構。羥甲基三聚氰胺之間的縮聚反應可按下式進行[60,61]：
3.3.2試驗步驟
3.3.2.1預聚體的制備
將一定量的三聚氰胺與質量百分比濃度為37%的甲醛溶液按照摩爾比1：3混合，加入適量蒸餾水，置于80C水浴鍋中機械攪拌1小時，攪拌速度約為450r/min，并用20%的NaOH溶液調節pH值至8.5～9.0，得到三聚氰胺-甲醛樹脂預聚體，固含量約為20%。
3.3.2.2 APP微膠囊化
方法一：將APP與適量蒸餾水混合，并在其中加入預聚體溶液，用10%的HCl溶液調節pH值至5.5左右，在80C水浴鍋中機械攪拌2小時，攪拌速度約為400r/min；通過抽濾、烘干、研磨得到粉末。
方法二：將APP與適量甲醇和蒸餾水混合(甲醇：蒸餾水＝3：1)，并在其中加入預聚體溶液，用10%的HCl溶液調節pH值至5.5左右，在80C水浴鍋中機械攪拌2小時，攪拌速度約為400r/min；通過抽濾、烘干、研磨得到粉末。
紅磷經微膠囊化處理后,一是可克服紅磷性能上的上述缺點,消除紅磷在貯運、材料加工過程中的隱患;二是白度化,淡化紅磷的顏色,拓寬紅磷的應用范圍;三是可改善與基材的相容性,減小對基材力學性能的影響;四是可通過對囊材的選擇,實現多種阻燃劑的復配,提高阻燃抑煙效能。 包覆技術目前對微膠囊紅磷的包覆技術有一定的初步研究,但尚不夠系統和深入,因此,需要對包覆囊材的選擇和改性、囊心處理、包覆方法、包覆方式、包覆條件、包覆工藝、包覆結果和效果(如膜層結構、膜層厚度、粒度大小與粒徑分布、白度、團聚性、與基材的相容性)等進行更系統和深入的研究,以獲得更優的阻燃性能。
5.蔣文俊， 微膠囊紅磷的制備及在PP中的阻燃應用
微膠囊化被認為是穩定超細紅磷的一種有效技術,其中,聚合物包覆RP的效果最為顯著。但是聚合物包覆并不是指聚合物熔融后直接包覆,因為那樣可能會引起紅磷著火或包覆不完全,因此,一般都是通過原位聚合的方法實現對紅磷的有效包覆。已經出現的聚合物包覆材料有脲醛樹脂、環氧樹脂、糠醇樹脂、酚醛樹脂、三聚氰胺甲醛樹脂(MF)及三聚氰胺氰尿酸酯等等,相比之下, MF因其具有耐熱性好、固化速度快、包覆膜的拉伸強度高以及白度化效果突出等優異性能而倍受研究工作者和商家的推崇。
3·1 RP的預處理及微膠囊化
RP的預處理: RP粉末經無錫鑫光達粉體制造有限公司采用濕法研磨技術超細粉碎,在80℃的5%硫酸溶液中浸泡5 h,過濾,水洗5次,接著用80℃的5%的氫氧化鈉溶液浸泡3 h,過濾,水洗5次,以除去加工過程中可能帶進的微量鐵、硅等雜質, 80℃真空烘12 h,冷卻儲存于密封干燥廣口瓶中。
RP的微膠囊化: (1) MFP的制備:稱取質量比為25∶100∶1∶5的三聚氰胺、甲醛、三乙醇胺及甲醇,混合并加入適量的水,控制反應溫度在80℃左右, pH值在8~8·5,反應約25 min,保存。(2)稱取250 g超細RP粉末,加入到已裝有500 mL水與少量分散劑OP-10的三口燒瓶中,攪拌均勻,接著將一定量的過硫酸鉀KPS以及MFP先后加入到該混合溶液中,溫度控制在65℃左右。KPS的用量、pH值與反應時間見表1。所得產物經去離子水洗滌5次, 80℃下干燥12 h,
過篩后裝瓶。此外,樣品5的制備條件與樣品4類似,不同在于未加入超細RP粉末,只是MF制備。
結 論
(1)以三聚氰胺與甲醛為原料,甲醇為阻聚劑,三乙醇胺為pH值調節劑,合成出MFP。以KPS為催化劑,采用原位聚合法制備了MRP。運用DSC, SEM, FTIR及XPS等手段研究了RP微膠囊化效果。結果表明, KPS的加入有助于提高MFP的反應活性,使三聚氰胺甲醛樹脂有效地包覆在紅磷顆粒表面,縮短了反應時間;且此時制備的MRP包覆效果最佳,其氧化反應峰溫為480℃,較紅磷原料要高出很多,可使用范圍變寬。
(2)采用熔融擠出法制備了多組不同配方的PP復合材料。通過LOI, UL-94, FTIR及Raman等測試手段對復合材料進行了研究。當PP∶MRP∶MH=100(phr)∶15(phr)∶50(phr)時最好。
6. 陳美琴，微膠囊紅磷膨脹型阻燃劑的制備及應用
預聚物制備：向三口燒瓶中依次加入一定量甲醛、三聚氰胺及蒸餾水，攪拌分散10min后，調節pH值至8.0。加熱至55~60℃，至反應液透明時，即得三聚氰胺-甲醛預聚物。
紅磷的包覆：將研磨好的紅磷加入三口燒瓶中，并加入適量蒸餾水，攪拌10min，加入分散劑、一定量預聚物。加熱升溫至50℃左右，調節pH值至5.0，繼續升溫至60℃，保溫攪拌2h，停止攪拌，調節pH值至7.0，將產物洗凈過濾后，在103℃下干燥2 h。
IFR制備：稱取一定量的季戊四醇、三聚氰胺以及包覆好的紅磷，在瑪瑙研缽中研磨混合均勻。
具體步驟是:先往反應釜中加入水,再加入三聚氰胺和氰尿酸,同時攪拌加入剩余的水,然后閉釜攪拌反應。反應結束后,將產品反復洗滌,抽濾,直到產品的pH值小于7為止。
1.4 分析測試
(1)轉化率的測定 用分析天平稱取2g MCA(精確到0.0002g),加入一定量的二甲基甲酰胺中,使樣品中的氰尿酸充分溶解。然后抽濾,將濾餅烘干,稱所得濾餅的重量。即可計算出產品的轉化率。
優級組合為A3B2C3,即溫度115℃,反應體系pH值8.0~8.5,反應時間10h,該條件下獲得的產品為無嗅、無味、有滑膩感的白色粉末
7. 李培培，微膠囊化改性氫氧化鎂及其在低密度聚乙烯中的阻燃性能研究
三聚氰胺樹脂包覆氫氧化鎂
配制含氫氧化鎂9%的漿料,攪拌加熱至70℃, 按照甲醛和三聚氰胺物質的量比1∶2·5配制壁材。
將三聚氰胺一次性加入,再將甲醛溶液滴加至四口瓶中反應4h,將反應后的漿料經過濾、洗滌、干燥,得到微膠囊化氫氧化鎂阻燃劑。分別改變溫度和壁材含量重復以上實驗,其中,
反應溫度分別取60℃、70℃和80℃,壁材質量分數分別取10%、15%和20%。
1·3·2 脲醛樹脂包覆氫氧化鎂
配制含氫氧化鎂9%的漿料,攪拌加熱至70℃,按照甲醛和尿素物質的量比1∶1·6配制壁材。將甲醛溶液一次性加入,然后分3次加入尿素(按質量分數70%、25%和5%,分批加入),待物料在四口瓶中反應4h后經過濾、洗滌、干燥,得到微膠囊化氫氧化鎂阻燃劑。
分別改變溫度和壁材含量重復以上實驗,其中,反應溫度分別取60℃、70℃和80℃,壁材質量分數分別取10%、15%和20%。
8.郝冬梅，微膠囊化膨脹阻燃劑及膨脹阻燃聚丙烯性能的研究
微膠囊包覆APP
按配比向反應釜中投入APP和甲醛,攪拌,用堿液調節pH值至8~9,水浴加熱升溫,一次加入所需蜜胺,繼續升溫至一定溫度,加入固化劑反應20~40 min,再醚化,加甲醛捕捉劑,繼續攪拌30 min后出料,粗產品經過濾、干燥后,即得到IFR。
(2)PP/IFR試樣制備
將PP、IFR阻燃劑和其它添加劑等混合均勻后,加入到雙螺桿擠出機中進行混煉、造粒,然后依據測試內容不同制成PP/IFR質量比為90/10、80/20、75/25、70/30和65/35等各種標準要求的試樣。
三聚氰胺-甲醛預聚物的制備
將40 g的三聚氰胺和80 mL甲醛（36%）及160g的去離子水依次加入裝有回流冷凝管的圓底燒瓶中，加入一定量的去離子水后，用質量分數為20%NaOH溶液調整混合溶液的pH值至9.0左右，然后緩慢加熱至80℃，至溶液變澄清后，繼續保溫15min，制得三聚氰胺-甲醛預聚物，在60℃保溫待用。
三聚氰胺-甲醛預聚物的制備
將40 g三聚氰胺、100 g甲醛(36%)依次加入裝有回流冷凝管的圓底燒瓶中,加入160 g去離子水后,用20% NaOH溶液調整溶液的pH至9.0左右,然后緩慢加熱至80℃,至溶液變澄清后,繼續保溫15 min,制得三聚氰胺-甲醛預聚物。將其制成固含量分別為25%和17%的水溶液備用。
一種微膠囊化氮－磷膨脹型阻燃劑的生產方法一種微膠囊化氮－磷膨脹型阻燃劑的生產方法，其特征在于： ①以氮－磷膨脹型阻燃劑、不飽和聚酯樹脂、引發劑為原料，其中不飽和聚酯樹脂的加入量為氮－磷膨脹型阻燃劑重量的１％～２０％，引發劑加入量為不飽和聚酯樹脂重量的０．５％～５．０％； ②將氮－磷膨脹型阻燃劑粉碎至粒度大于４００目，并與不飽和聚酯樹脂一起分散在惰性溶劑中，加入引發劑，緩慢升溫至８０℃～１００℃，在此溫度下保溫０．５小時～５小時； ③然后降至室溫，過濾，將濾餅置于烘箱內在１００℃～１１０℃下干燥２４小時，再粉碎，得微膠囊化氮－磷膨脹型阻燃劑（簡稱ＢＩＦＲ）。中國石化集團巴陵石油化工有限責任公司
【篇3】情書膠囊
時光膠囊
告訴你們一個秘密，我有一個“時光膠囊”，它有一個特殊的功能，你可以向它許愿，或放一樣你的寶貝……想看我的“時光膠囊”嗎？那就睜大眼睛瞧瞧吧！
一天我正在房間里寫作業，突然一個外星人降臨在我家，我大驚失色，想逃跑，不料，被外星人攔住了，我心想：天哪，我肯定要大難臨頭了，不是被它拿回去烤著吃，就是被它綁架……正當我在想得“打破沙鍋難臨頭”時，外星人開口說話了：“你是不是叫楊卓涵的小朋友？”聽了它說的話，我愣住了，支支吾吾地問：“你……你怎么知道……我的名字呀？”“啊，那我要找對人了啦！”外星人睜著他奇大無比的眼睛，笑瞇瞇地說。“你什么要找我啊？”我滿臉疑惑地問。“其實，你的歌聲經常在晚上飄，你那優美的歌聲吸引著外星球的每一位外星人，之所以，我們外星球上有位你的崇拜者，特別愛聽你唱歌，所以要我到地球送一樣東西給你。”“送給我？”我更是摸不清頭腦了，于是我納悶地問：“你們是怎么聽到我唱的歌呢？”“哈哈！我們用一根隱形的電話線，接通衛地球，一不小心接到了你家，當時你正好在唱歌，這一聽，可了不得了，你那美妙動聽的歌聲深深地打動了我，從那以后，我們的首長每到晚上都會準時聆聽你的歌聲”，“哦！原來是這樣啊！”“對了，小朋友，首長還讓我送給你一件禮物。”說著，它小心翼翼地從一個小袋子里拿出一個漂亮的水晶膠囊遞給我，這個水晶球晶瑩剔透，小巧玲瓏，只要你見到它，一定會想要，然后，外星人念了幾句咒語，水晶球緩慢地打開了。“這是一個的水晶時光膠囊，這是一個萬能水晶球，嗯，它可以用把所有的一切事物及美妙的幻想等裝進時光膠囊，等你長大了，時光膠囊就會自動出現，讓你回憶以前的事物或美好的時光，希望你能好好珍惜它”我出神地望著這個“水晶時光膠囊”，心想真是太神奇了。我小心翼翼地接過“水晶時光膠囊”，連忙對外星人說：“謝謝、謝謝你！”“我的任務完成了，該回星球了。”說完，瞬間消失了。我看著這個精致的水晶膠囊，心想：我要把美妙的歌聲儲存在時光膠囊里，讓人們都能聽到我動人的歌聲，給人們帶去歡樂和希望。我打開水晶膠囊，唱起了《祖國最親，媽媽最好》的歌曲收藏來。來到學校的小花園里，將它埋起來。
20年來，我對音樂的追求和執著讓我成為了一名著名的歌唱家了，我參加過很多社會援助的活動，而每次我都是用美妙的歌聲喚醒了一個個心靈創傷的患者……偶然的一天，我突然想起花園里的水晶時光膠囊，我急忙拿著鏟子，來到小花園挖水晶時光膠囊，過了一會兒，一個用袋子裝著的圓球，我打開蓋子一看，這正是20年前我埋下的水晶時光膠囊，我興奮地把它拿到一位失去親人、沒有財產要自尋死諫的青年旁邊，這位青年一聽到我放給他聽的歌，馬上振作起來，再次燃起了生命的希望……是啊，我的歌聲點燃了生命的希望；我的歌聲和睦了家庭；我的歌聲溫暖了社會……
