意見英文12篇

時間：2022-09-28 工作匯報點擊：

意見英文12篇

意見英文(1)

常見英文審稿意見的模板

最近在審一篇英文稿，第一次做這個工作，還有點不知如何表達。幸虧遇上我的處女審稿，我想不會槍斃它的，給他一個major revision后接收吧。呵呵

網上找來一些零碎的資料參考參考。

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

1、目標和結果不清晰。
It is noted that your manuscript needs careful editing by someone with expertise in technical English editing paying particular attention to English grammar, spelling, and sentence structure so that the goals and results of the study are clear to the reader.

2、未解釋研究方法或解釋不充分。
In general, there is a lack of explanation of replicates and statistical methods used in the study.
Furthermore, an explanation of why the authors did these various experiments should be provided.

3、對于研究設計的rationale:
Also, there are few explanations of the rationale for the study design.

4、夸張地陳述結論/夸大成果/不嚴謹：
The conclusions are overstated. For example, the study did not show
if the side effects from initial copper burst can be avoid with the polymer formulation.

5、對hypothesis的清晰界定：
A hypothesis needs to be presented。

6、對某個概念或工具使用的rationale/定義概念：
What was the rationale for the film/SBF volume ratio?

7、對研究問題的定義：
Try to set the problem discussed in this paper in more clear,
write one section to define the problem

8、如何凸現原創性以及如何充分地寫literature review:
The topic is novel but the application proposed is not so novel.

9、對claim,如A＞B的證明，verification:
There is no experimental comparison of the algorithm with previously known work, so it is impossible to judge whether the algorithm is an improvement on previous work.

10、嚴謹度問題：
MNQ is easier than the primitive PNQS, how to prove that.

11、格式（重視程度）：
In addition, the list of references is not in our style. It is close but not completely correct. I have attached a pdf file with "Instructions for Authors" which shows examples.
Before submitting a revision be sure that your material is properly prepared and formatted. If you are unsure, please consult the formatting nstructions to authors that are given under the "Instructions and Forms" button in he upper right-hand corner of the screen.

12、語言問題（出現最多的問題）：
有關語言的審稿人意見：
It is noted that your manuscript needs careful editing by someone with expertise in technical English editing paying particular attention to English grammar, spelling, and sentence structure so that the goals and results of the study are clear to the reader.
The authors must have their work reviewed by a proper translation/reviewing service before submission; only then can a proper review be performed. Most sentences contain grammatical and/or spelling mistakes or are not complete sentences.
As presented, the writing is not acceptable for the journal. There are problems with sentence structure, verb tense, and clause construction.
The English of your manuscript must be improved before resubmission. We strongly suggest that you obtain assistance from a colleague who is well-versed in English or whose native language is English.
Please have someone competent in the English language and the subject matter of your paper go over the paper and correct it ?
the quality of English needs improving.

意見英文(2)

一些英文審稿意見的模板【轉】

來源： Elaine 王倩的日志

最近導師讓我幫忙審了兩篇英文文章，覺得寫的都不怎么樣，頓時覺得自己的也不太差吧嘿嘿。但是怎么寫評審還是有經驗需要學習，自己也不能寫的太不專業。不過我的意見也不過是給老師寫意見的一個參考，具體能不能過我就毋須多言了。

網上找來一些零碎的資料參考參考。

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

1、目標和結果不清晰。
It is noted that your manuscript needs careful editing by someone with expertise in technical English editing paying particular attention to English grammar, spelling, and sentence structure so that the goals and results of the study are clear to the reader.

2、未解釋研究方法或解釋不充分。
In general, there is a lack of explanation of replicates and statistical methods used in the study.
Furthermore, an explanation of why the authors did these various experiments should be provided.

3、對于研究設計的rationale:
Also, there are few explanations of the rationale for the study design.

4、夸張地陳述結論/夸大成果/不嚴謹：
The conclusions are overstated. For example, the study did not show
if the side effects from initial copper burst can be avoid with the polymer formulation.

5、對hypothesis的清晰界定：
A hypothesis needs to be presented。

6、對某個概念或工具使用的rationale/定義概念：
What was the rationale for the film/SBF volume ratio?

7、對研究問題的定義：
Try to set the problem discussed in this paper in more clear,
write one section to define the problem

8、如何凸現原創性以及如何充分地寫literature review:
The topic is novel but the application proposed is not so novel.

9、對claim,如A＞B的證明，verification:
There is no experimental comparison of the algorithm with previously known work, so it is impossible to judge whether the algorithm is an improvement on previous work.

10、嚴謹度問題：
MNQ is easier than the primitive PNQS, how to prove that.

11、格式（重視程度）：
In addition, the list of references is not in our style. It is close but not completely correct. I have attached a pdf file with "Instructions for Authors" which shows examples.
Before submitting a revision be sure that your material is properly prepared and formatted. If you are unsure, please consult the formatting nstructions to authors that are given under the "Instructions and Forms" button in he upper right-hand corner of the screen.

12、語言問題（出現最多的問題）：
有關語言的審稿人意見：
It is noted that your manuscript needs careful editing by someone with expertise in technical English editing paying particular attention to English grammar, spelling, and sentence structure so that the goals and results of the study are clear to the reader.

The authors must have their work reviewed by a proper translation/reviewing service before submission; only then can a proper review be performed. Most sentences contain grammatical and/or spelling mistakes or are not complete sentences.

As presented, the writing is not acceptable for the journal. There are problems with sentence structure, verb tense, and clause construction.

The English of your manuscript must be improved before resubmission. We strongly suggest that you obtain assistance from a colleague who is well-versed in English or whose native language is English.

Please have someone competent in the English language and the subject matter of your paper go over the paper and correct it ?

the quality of English needs improving.

意見英文(3)

1、目標和結果不清晰。

It is noted that your manuscript needs careful editing by someone with expertise in technical English editing paying particular attention to English grammar, spelling, and sentence structure so that the goals and results of the study are clear to the reader.

2、未解釋研究方法或解釋不充分。

◆ In general, there is a lack of explanation of replicates and statistical me

thods used in the study.

◆ Furthermore, an explanation of why the authors did these various experiments

should be provided.

3、對于研究設計的rationale:

Also, there are few explanations of the rationale for the study design.

4、夸張地陳述結論/夸大成果/不嚴謹：

The conclusions are overstated. For example, the study did not show

if the side effects from initial copper burst can be avoid with the polymer formulation.

5、對hypothesis的清晰界定：

A hypothesis needs to be presented。

6、對某個概念或工具使用的rationale/定義概念：

What was the rationale for the film/SBF volume ratio?

7、對研究問題的定義：

Try to set the problem discussed in this paper in more clear,

write one section to define the problem

8、如何凸現原創性以及如何充分地寫literature review:

The topic is novel but the application proposed is not so novel.

9、對claim,如A＞B的證明，verification:

There is no experimental comparison of the algorithm with previously known work, so it is impossible to judge whether the algorithm is an improvement on previous work.

10、嚴謹度問題：

MNQ is easier than the primitive PNQS, how to prove that.

11、格式（重視程度）：

◆ In addition, the list of references is not in our style. It is close but not completely correct. I have attached a pdf file with "Instructions for Authors" which shows examples.

◆ Before submitting a revision be sure that your material is properly prepared and formatted. If you are unsure, please consult the formatting nstructions to authors that are given under the "Instructions and Forms" button in he upper right-hand corner of the screen.

12、語言問題（出現最多的問題）：

有關語言的審稿人意見：

◆ It is noted that your manuscript needs careful editing by someone with expertise in technical English editing paying particular attention to English grammar, spelling, and sentence structure so that the goals and results of the study are clear to the reader.

◆ The authors must have their work reviewed by a proper translation/reviewing service before submission; only then can a proper review be performed. Most sentences contain grammatical and/or spelling mistakes or are not complete sentences.

◆ As presented, the writing is not acceptable for the journal. There are pro

blems with sentence structure, verb tense, and clause construction.

◆ The English of your manuscript must be improved before resubmission. We str

ongly suggest that you obtain assistance from a colleague who is well-versed i

n English or whose native language is English.

◆ Please have someone competent in the English language and the subject matte

r of your paper go over the paper and correct it. ?

◆ the quality of English needs improving.

來自編輯的鼓勵：

Encouragement from reviewers:

◆ I would be very glad to re-review the paper in greater depth once it has be

en edited because the subject is interesting.

◆ There is continued interest in your manuscript titled "……" which you subm

itted to the Journal of Biomedical Materials Research: Part B - Applied Biomat

erials.

◆ The Submission has been greatly improved and is worthy of publication.

? The paper is very annoying to read as it is riddled with grammatical errors and poorly constructed sentences. Furthermore, the novelty and motivation of the work is not well justified. Also, the experimental study is shallow. In fact, I cant figure out the legends as it is too small! How does your effort compares with state-of-the-art??

? The experiment is the major problem in the paper. Not only the dataset is not published, but also the description is very rough. It is impossible to replicate the experiment and verify the claim of the author. Furthermore, almost no discussion for the experimental result is given. E.g. why the author would obtain this result? Which component is the most important? Any further improvement?

? the author should concentrated on the new algorithm with your idea and explained its advantages clearly with a most simple words.

? it is good concept, but need to polish layout, language.

? The authors did a good job in motivating the problem studied in the introduction. The mathematic explanation of the proposed solutions is also nice. Furthermore, the paper is accompanied by an adequate set of experiments for evaluating the effectiveness of the solutions the authors propose.

? Apparently， Obviously ,Innovation ,refine ,In my humble opinion

如果仍然有需要修改的小毛病，一般你可以用

you paper has been conditionally accepted. Please revise .....according to review comments.

如果是接受，你可以用

We are very pleased to inform you that your paper "xxxxx" has been accepted by [journal name]. Please prepare your paper by journal template...............

At a first glance, this short manuscript seems an interesting piece of

work, reporting on ×××. Fine, good quality, but all this has been done and published, and nearly become a well-known phenomenon. Therefore, there is insufficient novelty or significance to meet publication criteria. Also, I did not see any expermental evidence how the ** is related with **, except for the hand-waving qualitative discussion. Therefore, I cannot support its publication in JPD in its present form. It should be rejected.

建議去小木蟲問問，那里有一些資源。

the journal"s copy editors should not have to fix the many remaining errors. I sympathize that Chinese languages do not have an equivalent of English articles "a, an, the" and don"t seem to grasp the material meaning of those words. The author"s English expert decided to insert the word "the" in front of most mentions of "tip-tilt system." This implies that there is only one system and the authors are using it exclusively. There are dozns of other misuses. Pages 2,3, 8,9,10,11, and 12 are littered with them. The paper is to difficult to read in its present form.

感想：一篇好的論文，從內容到形式都需要精雕細琢。

附1：中譯審稿意見

審稿意見—1

(1) 英文表達太差，盡管意思大致能表達清楚，但文法錯誤太多。

(2) 文獻綜述較差，觀點或論斷應有文獻支持。

(3) 論文讀起來像是XXX的廣告，不知道作者與XXX是否沒有關聯。

(4) 該模式的創新性并非如作者所述，目前有許多XX采取此模式（如美國地球物理學會），作者應詳加調查并分析XXX運作模式的創新點。

(5) 該模式也不是作者所說的那樣成功……(審稿人結合論文中的數據具體分析)

審稿意見—2

(1) 缺少直接相關的文獻引用(如…)。

(2) 寫作質量達不到美國學術期刊的標準。

審稿意見—3

(1) 作者應著重指出指出本人的貢獻。

(2) 缺少支持作者發現的方法學分析。

(3) 需要采用表格和圖件形式展示(數據)材料。

附2：英文審稿意見(略有刪節)

Reviewer: 1

There are many things wrong with this paper.

The English is very bad. Although the meaning is by and large clear, not too many sentences are correct.

The literature review is poor. The paper is riddled with assertions and claims that should be supported by references.

The paper reads as an advertisement for XXX. It is not clear that the author is independent of XXX.

The AA model of XXX is not as innovative as the author claims. There are now many XX that follow this model (American Geophysical Union, for example), and the author should survey these model to see which one first introduced the elements of the XXX model.

The model is also not as successful as the author claims. ……

Overall, the presentation and the contents of the paper can only mean that I reject that the paper be rejected.

Reviewer: 2

The are two major problems with this paper:

(1) It is missing the context of (and citations to) what is now know as the "two-sided" market literature including that directly related to … (e.g. Braunstein, JASIS 1977; Economides & Katsanakas, Mgt. Sci., 2006; McCabe & Snyder, B.E. J Econ Analysis, 2007).

(2) The writing quality is not up to the standard of a US scholarly journal.

Reviewer: 3

1. The author should accentuate his contributions in this manuscript.

2. It lacks analytical methodologies to support author’s discoveries.

3. Description style material like this manuscript requires structured tables & figures for better presentations.

Ms. Ref. No.: ******

Title: ******

Materials Science and Engineering

Dear Dr. ******,??

Reviewers have now commented on your paper. You will see that they are advising that you revise your manuscript. If you are prepared to undertake the work required, I would be pleased to reconsider my decision.??

For your guidance, reviewers' comments are appended below.

Reviewer #1: This work proposes an extensive review on micromulsion-based methods for the synthesis of Ag nanoparticles. As such, the matter is of interest, however the paper suffers for two serious limits:??

1)??the overall quality of the English language is rather poor;??

2)??some Figures must be selected from previous literature to discuss also the synthesis of anisotropically shaped Ag nanoparticles (there are several examples published), which has been largely overlooked throughout the paper. ;

Once the above concerns are fully addressed, the manuscript could be accepted for publication in this journal.

英文論文寫作、投稿詳解(整理各大學術論壇相關帖子，轉帖)

目前科技論文作者向國際英文科技期刊投稿的方式有三種。一是傳統的郵寄形式，即通過國際快件將論文的原稿郵寄給刊物的主編或編輯部。這種形式曾經是投稿的近乎唯一的方式，持續了漫長的歲月，可現在采用這種方式接受來稿的刊物越來越少了。二是用電子郵件的方式投稿，即作者將原稿的電子文件發至主編或編輯部的電子信箱。這種投稿方式顯然比郵寄快得多，但與郵寄一樣，稿件也有丟失的時候。目前采用這種納稿方式的期刊還很多，但有很大一部分期刊己經在此基礎上，又進了一步，發展到第三種也是目前最新的一種投稿方式，即網上投稿 (ON-LINE SUBMISSION)。這種方式速度快，而且稿件不會丟失。一旦作者在網上登記注冊投稿，每個主要步驟都有記錄，很受科技期刊作者的歡迎。本文將就網上投稿過程及作者應該注意的地方予以詳細的介紹，供對此感興趣的中國作者參考。

??? 網上投稿的關鍵是要做好充分的準備工作。首先，作者對所要投稿的國際英文刊物的投稿需知(GUIDE FOR AUTHORS)要了解清楚，并且按照要求準備好原稿的所有文件。一般科技論文分為回顧性文章(REVIEW ARTICLE)，普通論文(REGULAR/RESEARCH ARTICLE)，快訊(SHORT COMMUNICATIONS)等。不同的文章類型，對原稿的格式要求也有所變化。單就普通論文而言，文章從頭到尾的基本格式是：論文的開篇部分，包括文章標題(TITLE)，作者姓名(AUTHOR’S NAME)(注明通訊作者/CORRESPONDING AUTHOR)，作者單位地址(AFFILIATION)，論文摘要(ABSTRACT)，關鍵詞(KEYWORDS)等；論文的正文部分，包括介紹/引言(INTRODUCTION)，實驗方法(METHOD)，實驗材料(MATERIAL)，結果與分析(RESULTS AND ANALYSIS)，討論（DISCUSSION）, 結論（CONCLUSION）等；需說明的是不同的學科，正文的內容和形式會有所增減，圖表、公式的數量也會有所不同。正文后的結尾部分有的文章附加致謝辭(ACKNOWLEDGEMENT)，有的則沒有，但參考文獻(REFERENCE)則是必須的。有的文章還帶有附錄(APPENDIX)，如全部的實驗原始數據、計算機軟件程序等。現在有的刊物可以在網上發表的文章中附帶電子視聽文件(E-COMPONENTS)。如短錄像片(VIDEO CLIP)，動畫片(SHORT CARTOON)等。作者要根據自身的情況，選擇文章應該包含的內容，一旦確定，所有的內容都要在網上投稿前準備好。此外，不但原稿的內容和格式要符合刊物的要術，而且在字數、頁數、格式、文件儲存形式等方面，均要與投稿刊物的要求一致。否則，文章在初選階段會很快落選。其次，是作者對投稿刊物網上投稿系統的熟悉和學習。如果可能，最好請有這方面經驗的作者上一課，可以節省時間和事半功倍。如果找不到合適的老師，作者自己要耐心地自學。從刊物的網頁入手，仔細閱讀網上的投稿需知、跟蹤鏈接或屏幕啟示，把每個環節搞明白弄清楚。

?? 在網上投稿，頭一步是在網頁上注冊，也叫作者登記。實際上與網上購物注冊沒太大區別，關鍵是要把自己的姓名、單位、聯系地址，包括電話、傳真和電子郵箱等登記準確無誤。二是按部就班地輸入文章的各個主要部分。如題目、作者、摘要、關鍵詞、正文、圖表等。在輸入每個部分的時候，一是要通讀該部分的有關要求，再次確認自已輸入的文件是否符合要求。這聽起來并不難，但實際上作者在這方面的疏忽卻很多。比如按要求，原稿不能超過20頁，可有的原稿長達40多頁，甚至更長。有的文章作者完全忽略了刊物對關鍵詞的要求，隨心所欲。二是確認每個部分輸入的完整性。有些作者在輸入文件時過于匆忙，十個圖只輸入一半，這樣的稿件即使到了編輯部也不能送審，只能返回作者補漏。如果審校員一時疏忽或主編沒有查覺，將有缺欠的文章發出送審，則審稿人因為缺圖，不能正常審閱文章。這樣造成的麻煩所耽誤的時間會更多。三是輸入文件完畢后，也就是所有的部分成功地輸入后，不要忘了點擊投稿發送鍵。否則，稿件只會存儲在作者自已的文件夾中，而不是發到編輯部。目前，許多科技期刊網上投稿，需把文件由一種存儲形式轉換到另一種存儲形式，比如DOC文件變成PDF文件。在這個轉換過程中，計算機屏幕會呈停滯狀態，看上去好像死機了。其實不然，只需耐心等待罷了。原稿在網上成功投出后，作者馬上就能收到編輯部的回執。如果有問題，屏幕上則會出現問題預警或解決問題的提示。如果作者不能自行解決故障或問題反復出現，作者可與出版社的網上投稿支持部門聯系，求得幫助。此外值得一提的是，部分著名出版社的網頁上除附有投稿需知外，還專門設計了針對網上投稿的指導示范文件。作者初學乍練時可以抽時間學習一下。總之，網上投稿并不難，關鍵是準備充分，而且在實際上機操作時按部就班，不能單純求快，否則欲速而不達。

?? 編輯部收到稿件后，有的是直接送審，有的是先進行一步初選(主要是檢查論文的英文是否過關)，然后再送審。不論是哪種情況，論文在送審前均需通過最基本的技術檢查。目的是看原稿是否包含了應該有的基本內容。有些刊物的編輯部就設在出版社內，這類期刊的檢查會更全面，包括文件形式、內容、作者聯系方式、文章是否屬于重復性投稿等等。一旦發現問題(比如原稿過長，關鍵詞不符合要求等)，原稿會馬上返回作者，進行必要的補充和修改。原稿一旦退回作者，文件便會重新回到作者自己在網上的投稿文件夾里，等候修改。與此同時，作者的電子信箱內同樣會收到一封編輯部的來信，明確告之稿件應該進行修改或補充的地方。作者只需上網從自己的文件夾中調出文件修改即可。一旦文件修改完畢，作者又要根據出版社信函中的提示，上網按步驟再將原稿發回刊物的編輯部。這個操作過程和最開始的投稿大同小異，往往也要將DOC文件轉換成PDF文件。原稿返回編輯部送審后，有的會很干脆地被拒絕，有的會順利地圓滿接受，但大部分原稿需按審稿人的意見進行規模不同的修改。經過作者修改過的稿件又需要在網上重新發回編輯部。但有的作者在接到主編或編輯部轉來的審稿人意見后，對其評價有很大的異議或不愿改動自己的論文，便可以主動要求退稿。手續很簡單，只需向編輯部發個電子郵件即可或自己上網撤稿。如果作者愿意根據審稿人的意見改動論文，則需改得全面徹底，并且對審稿人提出的疑問要一一做答。這份單獨的問答要整理成一份單獨的文件，在網上再次發稿時使用。如果缺少這份問答文件，在許多期刊網上投發修改稿時會出現障礙，應引起作者的注意。修改后的論文要從作者網上的論文文件夾里發給編輯部，最初的原稿可以存儲在文件夾中，可作者一定要確定第二次投出的稿件是修改后的文件，而不是初稿。這種張冠李戴的事在網上投稿過程中時有發生。文件名稱明明顯示是修改稿，可審稿人打開文件后才發現是初稿又原封不動地回來了，讓人有點哭笑不得。修改過的稿件回到編輯部后，原稿的編碼序號不變，只是多了一或二個尾數，表明是修改稿。有的稿件改動一次即可被刊物采納，但也有的要反復修改多次才能被通過。對被否定的文章，如果作者對否定的原因有異議，可以向編輯部或主編提出自己的意見，據理力爭。如果主編同意作者的意見，文章可以重新進入新的一輪審稿程序。這種情況不多，但在網上這樣的文章也同樣記錄在案。在網上投出的稿件不論改動多少回，其序號都不會改變，只有尾數的變動，以表明是修改后的第幾稿。比如R1是第一次修改稿，R2是第二份修改稿，依此類推。但每份修改過的文件在網上都有記錄，而且每份審稿人的意見也都記錄在案。不單如此，整個審稿過程中經過刊物網頁發給作者的電子郵件也都有記錄。總之，每一個步驟都有據可查，只要整個系統不出問題，就不會有稿件丟失的情況發生。

?? 由此可見，網上投稿的好處的確很多，難怪深受廣大作者的歡迎。現在有許多科技期刊已經告別了郵寄和電子郵件的時代，開始只受理網上投稿。今后，這樣的期刊可能會越來越多。所以，能自如地駕馭好網上投稿這個新的投稿手段，對學者們而言無疑是件好事。

附錄1.SCI投稿信件的一些套話

一、投稿信

1. Dear Dr. Defendi ML:

I am sending a manuscript entitled “” by – which I should like to submit for possible publication in the journal of - .

Yours sincerely

2. Dear Dr. A:

Enclosed is a manuscript entitled “” by sb, which we are submitting for publication in the journal of - . We have chosen this journal because it deals with - . We believe that sth would be of interest to the journal’s readers.

3. Dear Dr. A:

Please find enclosed for your review an original research article, “” by sb. All authors have read and approve this version of the article, and due care has been taken to ensure the integrity of the work. No part of this paper has published or submitted elsewhere. No conflict of interest exits in the submission of this manuscript, and we have attached to this letter the signed letter granting us permission to use Figure 1 from another source.

We appreciate your consideration of our manuscript, and we look forward to receiving comments from the reviewers.

二、詢問有無收到稿件

Dear Editors,

We dispatched our manuscript to your journal on 3 August 2006 but have not, as yet, receive acknowledgement of their safe arrival. We fear that may have been lost and should be grateful if you would let us know whether or not you have received them. If not, we will send our manuscript again. Thank you in advance for your help.

三、詢問論文審查回音

Dear Editors，

It is more than 12 weeks since I submitted our manuscript (No: ) for possible publication in your journal. I have not yet received a reply and am wondering whether you have reached a decision. I should appreciated your letting me know what you have decided as soon as possible.

四、關于論文的總體審查意見

1. This is a carefully done study and the findings are of considerable interest. A few minor revision are list below.

2. This is a well-written paper containing interesting results which merit publication. For the benefit of the reader, however, a number of points need clarifying and certain statements require further justification. There are given below.

3. Although these observation are interesting, they are rather limited and do not advance our knowledge of the subject sufficiently to warrant publication in PNAS. We suggest that the authors try submitting their findings to specialist journal such as –

4. Although this paper is good, it would be ever better if some extra data were added.

5. This manuscript is not suitable for publication in the journal of – because the main observation it describe was reported 3 years ago in a reputable journal of - .

6. Please ask someone familiar with English language to help you rewrite this paper. As you will see, I have made some correction at the beginning of the paper where some syntax is not satisfactory.

7. We feel that this potentially interesting study has been marred by an inability to communicate the finding correctly in English and should like to suggest that the authors seek the advice of someone with a good knowledge of English, preferable native speaker.

8. The wording and style of some section, particularly those concerning HPLC, need careful editing. Attention should be paid to the wording of those parts of the Discussion of and Summary which have been underlined.

9. Preliminary experiments only have been done and with exception of that summarized in Table 2, none has been repeated. This is clearly unsatisfactory, particularly when there is so much variation between assays.

10. The condition of incubation are poorly defined. What is the temperature? Were antibody used?

五、給編輯的回信

1. In reply to the referee’s main criticism of paper, it is possible to say that –

One minor point raised by the referee concerns of the extra composition of the reaction mixture in Figure 1. This has now been corrected. Further minor changes had been made on page 3, paragraph 1 (line 3-8) and 2 (line 6-11). These do not affect our interpretation of the result.

2. I have read the referee’s comments very carefully and conclude that the paper has been rejected on the sole grounds that it lake toxicity data. I admit that I did not include a toxicity table in my article although perhaps I should have done. This was for the sake of brevity rather than an error or omission.

3. Thank you for your letter of – and for the referee’s comments concerning our manuscript entitled “”. We have studied their comments carefully and have made correction which we hope meet with their approval.

4. I enclosed a revised manuscript which includes a report of additional experiments done at the referee’s suggestion. You will see that our original findings are confirmed.

5. We are sending the revised manuscript according to the comments of the reviewers. Revised portion are underlined in red.

6. We found the referee’s comments most helpful and have revised the manuscript

7. We are pleased to note the favorable comments of reviewers in their opening sentence.

8. Thank you for your letter. I am very pleased to learn that our manuscript is acceptable for publication in Cancer Research with minor revision.

9. We have therefore completed a further series of experiments, the result of which are summarized in Table 5. From this we conclude that intrinsic factor is not account.

10. We deleted the relevant passage since they are not essential to the contents of the paper.

11. I feel that the reviewer’s comments concerning Figures 1 and 2 result from a misinterpretation of the data.

12. We would have include a non-protein inhibitor in our system, as a control, if one had been available.

13. We prefer to retain the use of Table 4 for reasons that it should be clear from the new paragraph inserted at the end of the Results section.

14. Although reviewer does not consider it is important to measure the temperature of the cells, we consider it essential.

15. The running title has been changed to “”.

16. The Materials and Methods section now includes details for measuring uptake of isotope and assaying hexokinase.

17. The concentration of HAT media (page12 paragraph 2) was incorrectly stated in the original manuscript. This has been rectified. The authors are grateful to the referees for pointing out their error.

18. As suggested by both referees, a discussion of the possibility of laser action on chromosome has been included (page16, paragraph 2).

19. We included a new set of photographs with better definition than those originally submitted and to which a scale has been added.

20. Following the suggestion of the referees, we have redraw Figure 3 and 4.

21. Two further papers, published since our original submission, have been added to the text and Reference section. These are:

22. We should like to thank the referees for their helpful comments and hope that we have now produced a more balance and better account of our work. We trust that the revised manuscript is acceptable for publication.

23. I greatly appreciate both your help and that of the referees concerning improvement to this paper. I hope that the revised manuscript is now suitable for publication.

24. I should like to express my appreciation to you and the referees for suggesting how to improve our paper.

25. I apologize for the delay in revising the manuscript. This was due to our doing an additional experiment, as suggested by referees.

附錄2.Elsevier 投稿各種狀態總結

1. Submitted to Journal當上傳結束后，顯示的狀態是Submitted to Journal，這個狀態是自然形成的無需處理。

2. With editor如果在投稿的時候沒有要求選擇編輯，就先到主編那，主編會分派給別的編輯。這當中就會有另兩個狀態：

3. Editor assigned

4. Editor Declined Invitation

如果編輯接手處理了就會邀請審稿人了。

5. Reviewer(s) invited

如果審稿人接受那就會是以下狀態：

6. Under review

這應該是一個漫長的等待。當然前面各步驟也可能很慢的，要看編輯的處理情況。如果被邀請審稿人不想審，就會decline，編輯會重新邀請別的審稿人。

7. required review completed 審稿結束，等編輯處理。

8. Decision in Process到了這一步就快要有結果了，編輯開始考慮是給修改還是直接拒，當然也有可能直接接受的，但可能性很小，呵呵。

9. Minor revision/Major revision這個時候可以稍微慶祝一下了，問題不大了，因為有修改就有可能。具體怎么改就不多說了，謙虛謹慎是不可少的。

10. Revision Submitted to Journal

又開始了一個循環。

11. Accepted如果不要再審，只是小修改，編輯看后會馬上顯示這個狀態，但如果要再審也會有上面的部分狀態。一步會比較快，但也有慢的。看雜志的。

還有個狀態是Rejected。希望不要出現。其他庫的狀態，基本是大同小異，供參考：

附錄3.一些常見的英文文章語言技巧

a)如何指出當前研究的不足以及有目的地引導出自己的研究的重要性。通常在敘述了前人成果之后，用However來引導不足，比如

However, little information..

little attention...

little work...

little data

little research

or few studies

few investigations...

few researchers...

few attempts...

or no

none of these studies

has (have) been less

done on ...

focused on

attempted to

conducted

investigated

studied

(with respect to)

Previous research (studies, records) has (have)

failed to consider

ignored

misinterpreted

neglected to

overestimated, underestimated

misleaded

thus, these previus results are

inconclisive, misleading, unsatisfactory, questionable, controversial..

Uncertainties (discrepancies) still exist ...

這種引導一般提出一種新方法，或者一種新方向。如果研究的方法以及方向和前人一樣，可以通過下面的方式強調自己工作的作用：

However, data is still scarce

rare

less accurate

there is still dearth of

We need to

aim to

have to

provide more documents

data

records

studies

increase the dataset

Further studies are still necessary...

essential...

為了強調自己研究的重要性，一般還要在However之前介紹自己研究問題的反方面，另一方面等等

比如：

1)時間問題

如果你研究的問題時間上比較新，你就可以大量提及對時間較老的問題的研究及重要性，然后說(However)，對時間尺度比較新的問題研究不足

2)物性及研究手段問題

如果你要應用一種新手段或者研究方向，你可以提出當前比較流行的方法以及物質性質，然后說對你所研究的方向和方法，研究甚少。

3)研究區域問題

首先總結相鄰區域或者其它區域的研究，然后強調這一區域研究不足

4)不確定性

雖然前人對這一問題研究很多，但是目前有兩種或者更多種的觀點，

這種uncertanties, ambiguities，值得進一步澄清

5)提出自己的假設來驗證

如果自己的研究完全是新的，沒有前人的工作進行對比，在這種情況下，你可以自信地說，根據提出的過程，存在這種可能的結果，本文就是要證實這種結果。

We aim to test the feasibility (reliability) of the ...

It is hoped that the qutestion will be resolved (fall away) with our proposed

method (approach).

提出自己的觀點

We aim to

This paper reports on

provides results

extends the method..

focus on

The purpose of this paper is to

Furthermore, Moreover, In addition,, we will also discuss...

c) 圈定自己的研究范圍

前言的另外一個作用就是告訴讀者包括(reviewer)你的文章主要研究內容。如果處理不好，reviewer會提出嚴厲的建議，比如你沒有考慮某種可能性，某種研究手段等等。為了減少這種爭論，在前言的結尾你就要明確提出本文研究的范圍：

1)時間尺度問題

如果你的問題涉及比較長的時序，你可以明確地提出本文只關心這一時間范圍的問題。

We preliminarily focus on the older (younger)...

或者有兩種時間尺度的問題 (long-term and short term)，你可以說兩者都重要，但是本文只涉及其中一種

2) 研究區域的問題

和時間問題一樣，明確提出你只關心這一地區

d) 最后的原場

在前言的最后，還可以總結性地提出，這一研究對其它研究的幫助。或者說，further studies on ... will be summarized in our next study (or elsewhere)

總之，其目的就是讓讀者把思路集中到你要討論的問題上來。減少爭論(arguments).

關于詞匯以及常用結構，要經常總結，多讀多模仿才能融會貫通。

以上是常見的語言結構，不算抄襲。

怎樣提出觀點

在提出自己的觀點時，采取什么樣的策略很重要。不合適的句子通常會遭到reviewer的置疑。

1)如果觀點不是這篇文章最新提出的，通常要用

We confirm that...

2)對于自己很自信的觀點,可用

We believe that...

3)在更通常的情況下，由數據推斷出一定的結論，

用， Results indicate, infer, suggest, imply that...

4) 在及其特別的情況才可以用We put forward

(discover, observe..) .. "for the first time".

來強調自己的創新。

5) 如果自己對所提出的觀點不完全肯定，可用

We tentatively put forward (interrprete this to..)

Or The results may be due to (caused by) attributed to

rsulted from..

Or This is probably a consequence of

It seems that .. can account for (interpret) this..

Or It is pisible that it stem from...

連接詞與邏輯

寫英文論文最常見的一個毛病就是文章的邏輯不清楚。解決的方法有：

1)句子上下要有連貫，不能讓句子之間獨立

常見的連接詞語有, However, also, in addition,

consequently, afterwards, moreover, Furthermore,

further, although, unlike, in contrast, Similarly,

Unfortunately, alternatively, parallel results,

In order to, despite, For example, Compared with

other results, thus, therefore...

用好這些連接詞，能夠使觀點表達得有層次，更加明確。

比如，如果敘述有時間順序的事件或者文獻，

最早的文獻可用AA advocated it for the first time.

接下來，可用Then BB further demonstrated that..

再接下來，可用Afterwards, CC..

如果還有，可用More recent studies by DD..

如果敘述兩種觀點，要把它們截然分開

AA pput forward that...

In contrast, BB believe

or Unlike AA, BB suggest

or On the contrary (表明前面的觀點錯誤，如果只是表明

兩種對立的觀點，用in contrast)， BB..

如果兩種觀點相近,可用

AA suggest

Similarily, alternatively, BB..

Or Also, BB

or BB allso does ..

表示因果或者前后關系，可用

Consequently, therefore, as a result,

表明遞進關系，可用furthermore, further, moreover, in addition,

當寫完一段英文，最好首先檢查一下是否較好地應用了這些連接詞。

2) 段落的整體邏輯

經常我們要敘述一個問題的幾個方面。這種情況下，一定要注意邏輯結構。

首先第一段要明確告訴讀者你要討論幾個部份

...Therefore, there are three aspects of this problen have to

be addressed.

The first questuon involves...

The second problem relates to

The thrid aspect deals with...

上面的例子可以清晰地把觀點逐層敘述。

Or, 可以直接用First, Second, Third...Finally,..

當然,Furthermore, in addition等可以用來補充說明。

3) 討論部份的整體結構

小標題是比較好的方法把要討論的問題分為幾個片段。一般第一個片段指出文章最為重要的數據與結論。補充說明

的部份可以放在最后一個片段。

?????? 一定要明白文章的讀者會分為多個檔次。文章除了本專業的專業人士讀懂以外，一定要想辦法能讓更多的外專業人讀懂。所以可以把討論部份分為兩部份，一部份提出觀點，另一部份詳細介紹過程以及論述的依據。這樣專業外的人士可以了解文章的主要觀點，比較專業的討論他可以把它當成黑箱子，而這一部份本專業人士可以進一步研究。

為了使文章清楚，第一次提出概念時，最好加以個括弧，給出

較為詳細的解釋。

如果文章用了很多的Abbreviation, 兩種方法加以解決

1) 在文章最好加上個Appendix，把所有Abreviation列表

2) 在不同的頁面上，不時地給出Abbreciation的含義，用來

提醒讀者。

總之，寫文章的目的是要讓讀者讀懂，讀得清晰，并且采取各種措施方便于讀者。一定要注意絕對不能全面否定前人的成果，即使在你看來前人的結論完全不對。這是前人工作最起碼的尊重，英文叫做給別人的工作credits.

所以文章不要出現非常negative的評價，比如Their results

are wrong, very questionable, have no commensence, etc.

遇到這類情況，可以婉轉地提出：

Their studies may be more reasonable if they had

considered this situation.

Their results could be better convinced if they ...

Or Their conclusion may remain some uncertanties.

討論部份還包括什么內容?

1. 主要數據特征的總結

2. 主要結論以及與前人觀點的對比

3. 本文的不足

第三點，在一般作者看來不可取。事實上給出文章的不足恰恰是保護自己文章的重要手段。如果刻意隱藏文章的漏洞，覺得別人看不出來，是非常不明智的。

所謂不足，包括以下內容:

1. 研究的問題有點片面

討論時一定要說，

It should be noted that this study has examined only..

We concentrate (focus) on only...

We have to point out that we do not..

Some limitations of this study are...

2. 結論有些不足

The results do not imply,

The results can not be used to determine

be taken as evidence of

Unfortunately, we can not determien this from this data

Our results are lack of ...

但是，在指出這些不足之后，隨后一定要再一次加強本文的重要性以及可能采取的手段來解決這些不足，為別人或者自己的下一步研究打下浮筆。

Notwithstading its limitation, this tudy does suggest.. However, these problems culd be solved if we consdier

Despite its preliminary character, this study can clearly indicate..

用中文來說，這一部份是左右逢源。把審稿人想到的問題提前給一個交代，同時表明你已經在思考這些問題，但是由于文章長度，試驗進度或者試驗手段的制約，暫時不能回答這些問題。但是，這些通過你的一些建議，這些問題在將來的研究中游可能實現。

Title: Fault diagnosis research based on time-frequency analysis method in rotor systems

Journal of Sound and Vibration

Dear student ××××,

We have now received comments on your manuscript from the reviewers (reports included below). Please revise your manuscript according to the referee"s suggestions and detail all the changes which you have made. I hope you will be prepared to undertake this, and I will then be pleased to reconsider the manuscript for publication. Please note that due to the extensive revisions necessay on your manuscript, it will need to be sent out for re-review.

If you do decide to revise the paper, we need to receive your new manuscript within the next six months. You are asked to submit the following items along with the manuscript:

(1) A point-by-point reply that we can send to each reviewer;

(2) A separate list of the revisions made to the manuscript.

It is important that you address all the issues raised by the referees, either by revision or reasoned rebuttal, before we make a decision on publication.

When submitting your revised manuscript, please ensure that you upload the source files (e.g. Word). Uploading only a PDF file at this stage will create delays should your manuscript be finally accepted for publication.??If your revised submission does not include the source files, we will contact you to request them.

To submit a revision, please go to and login as an Author.

Your username is: ********

Your password is: **************

On your Main Menu page is a folder entitled "Submissions Needing Revision". You will find your submission record there.

Yours sincerely,

Richard Berryman

Editorial Office (Australasia)

Journal of Sound and Vibration

Reviewers" comments:

Reviewer #1: Comments on JSV-D-06-01203

Title: Fault diagnosis research based on time-frequency method in rotor systems

By: ××, ××and ××××××

_______________________________________

The paper presents an application of reassigned wavelet scalogram for rotor system fault diagnosis. It is a topic of interest to the researchers in the related areas but the paper needs very significant improvement before acceptance for publication. My detailed comments are as follows:

1. The wavelet method (reassigned wavelet scalogram) used in the paper works very well for the underlying fault diagnosis problem. On the other hand, this wavelet method is a well-established method, and the present research is a direct application of this method without new contribution in methodological research.

2. For the above reason, the presentation should be focused on the results. Unfortunately, the presentation is far from acceptable for publication. The material was not properly organized and it is strongly suggested that the authors check carefully the English writing and use standard terminologies in the technical area.

3. The title of the paper should be more specific since numerous studies have been done on the fault diagnosis of rotor systems using wavelets and time-frequency methods. Also, remove the word "research".

4. On Section 1:

· This section listed many references that are mainly related to rotor dynamics and are not directly related to rotor system diagnosis. If the authors would like to keep these references, some discussions on the relevance of these refs to the present research are needed.

· Review on the directly relevant refs will be more helpful for the reader. Also, time-frequency and wavelets are mainly for non-stationary and transient analysis. The author may discuss in more detail what types of transients and non-stationary components would appear in rotor system vibration.

· A few sentences on the organization of the paper will be helpful.

5. On Section 2:

· Since the major method used in the application is reassigned wavelet scalogram, it is not needed to give the details of three other methods (only give a few words and give the refs). Instead, the authors may discuss more on the relationship between traditional wavelet scalogram and the reassigned wavelet scalogram, and explain why the latter is better than the former.

· Eq (2): the right-hand-side is wrong and "2" is missed.

· The description after Eq (2) is not clear. See Cohen"s book for details about the cross-terms.

6. On Sections 3 and 4:

The description needs to be improved. The material in Section 3 should be organized in several paragraphs.

7. On Section 5:

· The authors did a good experiment and some of the phenomena presented in the time-frequency planes are also very interesting. However, the observations should be described concisely, and the authors should focus more on: 1) whether these phenomena are general characteristics, and 2) if possible, explain the reason of the phenomena and the advantages of reassigned wavelet scalogram over other time-frequency methods.

· In fact, it is possible to interpret most of the phenomena in the time-frequency planes using rotor dynamics. For example, shaft rub causes broadband vibration and will result in nearly horizontal lines in the phase planes.

· Some of the paragraphs are too long.

8. The conclusion should be concise and only summarize the most important contribution of the research.

Reviewer #2: This paper presents the results of time-frequency analysis applied to a table top rotating machinery test rig under a set of fault conditions. The title of the paper is very misleading because no automated methods for either fault detection or diagnosis/isolation are discussed in the paper. Rather, under different fault scenarios, several time-frequency methods available in the literature are evaluated for their ability to generate visually discriminating features associated with the fault conditions. Hence, this paper provides a characterization of time-frequency features associated with rotating machinery faults as opposed to the development of any type of fault diagnosis methodology. Hence, the paper must be judged solely on the quality of the experimentation, the presentation of the results, and how the time-frequency features identified in the various fault cases relates to the dynamical operating conditions of the rig.

The main problem with the paper is that it is very poorly written, and this makes the evaluation and interpretation of the main contributions of the paper obscure.??The paper requires a complete rewrite to improve the grammar, style and readability. Also consider:

In equation (1) on page 2, what does it mean that h(t) is centered at t=0 and f=0? h(t) is a windowing function in the time domain!

What is the point of the simulation experiments, what do they add to what is already known about the time-frequency techniques from the literature?

Since the only contribution of the paper is the time-frequency analysis, the results of these computations need to be explained in detail in the text and the graphical results need to be properly annotated so that readers can comprehend and understand which distinguishing features are associated with the faults. Currently, the graphical results are poorly displayed and it is difficult to correlate the figures with the text.

一個回復的例子(已接收)

Major comments:

???? 1. The authors need to strengthen their results by including MMP secretion, and tran-matrigel migration by a positive control progenitor cell population i.e. enriched human CD34 cells obtained from mobilized PBL, since this is a more clinically relevant source of CD34 cells which has also been shown to secrete both MMP-9 and MMP-2 (ref. 11). CD34 enriched cells from steady state peripheral blood which also secrete MMPs are also of interest.

????2. In fig 1C please specify which cell line represents MMP-negative cells. This needs to be clarified, as well as a better explanation of the method of the protocol.

???? 3. The ELISA results are represented as "fold increase" compared to control. Instead, we suggest that standards should be used and results should be presented as absolute concentrations and only then can these results be compared to those of the zymography.

???? 4. When discussing the results, the authors should distinguish clearly between spontaneous migration vs chemotactic migration. Furthermore, the high spontaneous migration obtained with cord blood CD34 cells should be compared to mobilized PBL CD34 enriched cells and discussed.

???? 5. The authors claim that the clonogenic assay was performed to determine the optimum concentration for inhibition of MMP activity by phenanthroline and anti MMP-9 mAb, however they should clarify that this assay can only determine the toxicity of the inhibitors and not their optimal inhibitory concentrations.

Minor comments:

???? 1. There are many spelling and syntax errors, especially in the results and discussion, which need correction.

???? a. Of special importance, is the percent inhibition of migration, which is described as percent of migration. i.e. pg 7:"Migration of CB CD34 was reduced to 73.3%?" Instead should read "Migration of CB CD34 was reduced by 73.3%?"

???? b. The degree symbol needs to be added to the numbers in Materials and methods.

???? 2. It would be preferable to combine figure 1A and B, in order to confirm the reliability of fig. 1B by a positive control (HT1080).

Answer to referee 1 comment:

???? 1. Mobilized peripheral blood is a more clinical source of CD34+ cells, so it is necessary to compare the MMP-9 secretion and trans-migration ability of CB CD34+ cells with that of mobilized PB CD34+ cells. However, we couldn"t obtain enough mobilized PB to separate PB CD34+ cells and determine the MMP-9 secretion and migration ability, so we couldn’t complement the study on PB CD34+ cells in this paper. Results obtained by Janowska-Wieczorek et al found that mobilized CD34+ cells in peripheral blood express MMP-9. Furthermore, Domenech’s study showed that MMP-9 secretion is involved in G-CSF induced HPC mobilization. Their conclusions have been added in the discussion. In our present study, our central conclusion from our data is that freshly isolated CD34+ stem/progenitor cells obtained from CB produce MMP-9.

???? 2. MMP-9 negative cell used in fig 1C was Jurkat cell. In zymographic analysis, MMP-9 was not detected in the medium conditioned by Jurkat cell. To exclude that the contaminating cells may play a role in the observed MMP-9 production, we screened the media conditioned by different proportion of CB mononuclear cells with MMP-9 negative cells by zymography. This result may be confusion. Actually, only by detecting the medium conditioned by 2X105 CB mononuclear cells (MNC)/ml (since the purities of CD34+ cell are more than 90%), it could exclude the MNC role. In the revised manuscript, we only detected MMP-9 activity and antigen level in the medium conditioned by 2X105 CB mononuclear cells (MNC)/ml. There is no MMP-9 secretion be detected in the medium conditioned by 2X105 CB MNC/ml. It excluded the possibility that the MMP-9 activity in CB CD34+ cells conditioned medium is due to the contamination by MNC.

???? 3.In this revised paper, we have detected the MMP-9 antigen levels by using commercial specific ELISA kits (R&D System, sensitivity, 0.156ng/ml). Recombinant MMP-9 from R&D System was used as a standard. The results are expressed in the absolute concentration. The absolute concentration result has been added in the paper. As shown in Fig2, MMP-9 levels were detectable in both CB CD34+ cell conditioned medium and BM CD34+ cell conditioned medium. However, MMP-9 level was significantly higher in CB CD34+ cell conditioned medium than in BM CD34+ cell conditioned medium (0.406±0.133ng/ml versus 0.195±0.023ng/ml). Although gelatinolytic activity was not detected in media conditioned by CD34+ cells from BM, sensitivity of ELISA favors the detection of MMP-9 antigen in the BM CD34+.

???? 4. In our study, to establish the direct link between MMP-9 and CB CD34+ cells migration, we only determined the role of MMP-9 in spontaneous migration of CB CD34+ cells, but not in chemotactic migration. Actually, regulation of hematopoietic stem cell migration, homing and anchorage of repopulation cells to the bone marrow involves a complex interplay between adhesion molecules, chemokines, cytokines and proteolytic enzymes. Results obtained by the groups of Voermans reveal that not only the spontaneous migration but also the SDF-1 induced migration of CB CD34+ cells is greatly increased in comparison to CD34+ cells from BM and peripheral blood.

???? 5. CD34+ cells we obtained in each cord blood sample were very limited. It is not enough to screen the inhibitors concentrations to select the optimal inhibitory concentrations. In the blocking experiments, based on the concentrations used by others and the manufacturer"s recommendation, we then determined the inhibitors concentrations by excluding the toxicity of the inhibitors in that concentration, which was determined by clonogenic assay.

Minor comments:

1.The spelling and syntax errors have been checked and corrected.

2.Since the results in figure 1A and B were obtained from two separated and parallel experiments, it is not fitness to combine two figures.

這是我的一篇修稿回復，雜志是JBMR-A,影響因子3.652,已發表，供參考！

Reply to the comments on JBMR-A-05-0172

Comment:

Reference #10 is missing from the Introduction but used much later in the manuscript. Should these be in order used in manuscript?

Reply:

The missing reference has been added into the revised manuscript.

Comment (continued):

What is the sample size for all tests performed?

Reply:

The sample size for drug release and PCL degradation tests was 3.0×3.0 cm2, with a thickness of about 0.1mm and a weight of about 40mg. This dada have been added into the revised manuscript.

Comment (continued):

Figure 7. There is no scientific evidence presented in the TEM figure to convince this reviewer of sub-jets. This statement on Page 9 cannot be made without clear evidence during the jet formation/separation. Figure 7 is just a large fiber and small fiber fused together, no other conclusion than this can be made.

Reply:

Necessary change in the statements has been made in the revised manuscript as well as in the referred figure accordingly.

Comment (continued):

Table 3: Need standard deviation for all values reported not just for a select few.. Equation after Table 3 not necessary. Just reference method used.

Reply:

Done accordingly.

Comment (continued):

Page 11: "faster weight loss" What was the sample size? Where is the statistical analysis of this data? This reviewer does not see a significant difference in any of the data presented, thus weight loss would be considered equivalent.

Reply:

Although not too much difference was seen, the conclusion that “the GS/PCL membrane exhibited a relatively faster weight loss compared with the RT/PCL membrane” was indeed applicable through “one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)” analysis.

Following the reviewer’s comment, a new sub-section has been added to the manuscript to address the statistical analysis for the data.

Comment (continued):

Page 12: What is the sample size for release data? Looks like results based on a sample size of one? Need stand deviations on the data presented in Figure 11. Why wasn"t release performed and compared for all electrospun conditions investigated otherwise?

Reply:

Three repeated tests were performed for each set of measurements and the resulting data were averaged. As stated in the revised 3cm2 with a slightly different?manuscript, each sample had a square area of 3 thickness.

Standard deviations have been added to the data shown in Fig. 11.

The present manuscript aimed to show that medical drugs can be encapsulated in ultrafine fibers through a co-axial electrospinning process. The drug release data intended to show that the encapsulation was successful. We did not consider any specific application in this preliminary paper, and in fact the two drugs were just chosen as model illustration. As such, there seemed not necessary to perform release experiments for all of the membranes electrospun with different conditions (i.e. the core concentrations)

Comment (continued):

Table 3: Yang"s or Young"s Modulus (page 10 says Young"s).

Reply:

Corrected accordingly.

Comment (continued):

Figure 11: What is the % release, not just concentration. Why just this small sample of release data? Where is the release data for the other conditions?

Reply:

Unfortunately, we did not measure the amount of the shell material in obtaining the composite nanofibers. Namely, the flow rate of the shell solution during the electrospinning was not accurately controlled using an injecting pump. Hence the % release was not applicable.

Please refer to the previous reply related to Page 12 and Figure 11 for the remaining comments.

We acknowledge the reviewer’s comments and suggestions very much, which are valuable in improving the quality of our manuscript

意見英文(4)

Customer Feedback Questionnaires

客戶意見反饋表

Dear customer, thanks for your supporting to our company. In order to improve our services and products quality to fulfill your need, we need your valuable suggestions and comments.

尊敬的思邁薇爾的客戶，您好！感謝您一直以來對我公司的支持。為提高我們公司的服務與產品質量，以便滿足您的需要，希望您能給予我們寶貴的意見和建議。

Please fill in choice refer to the following standard:

請參照以下標準進行選擇：

1 □ Excellent 非常滿意，超過我的期望

2 □ Good 好，符合我的期望

3 □ Fair 一般，表現一般

4 □ Poor 差，沒達到我的期望

5 □ Disappointing 失望，與我的期望相差太大

1） How do you think of our samples? 1 □ 2 □ 3 □ 4 □ 5 □

您對我公司的樣品是否滿意？

2） How about the delivery date of samples？ 1 □ 2 □ 3 □ 4 □ 5 □

您對我公司樣衣的交期是否滿意？

3） Do you satisfied with our bulk goods quality? 1 □ 2 □ 3 □ 4 □ 5 □

您對我公司的大貨品質是否滿意？

4） Do you satisfied with the delivery date of bulk goods? 1 □ 2 □ 3 □ 4 □ 5 □

您對我公司的大貨交期是否滿意

5）How about our merchandisers’ skills on interpersonal, communication and coordination? 1 □ 2 □ 3 □ 4 □ 5 □

您認為我公司的跟單員的人際關系處理、溝通和協調能力如何？

6）How about their responsibility？ 1 □ 2 □ 3 □ 4 □ 5 □

您對我公司跟單員的責任感是否滿意？

7）Do they know well on textiles？ 1 □ 2 □ 3 □ 4 □ 5 □

您認為我公司跟單員對紡織品知識了解嗎？

8）How do you feel of our service attitude？ 1 □ 2 □ 3 □ 4 □ 5 □

您覺得我公司的服務態度如何？

9）Do we quoted price in time？ 1 □ 2 □ 3 □ 4 □ 5

您認為我公司報價及時嗎？

10）Do you get timely communication or solution on unsatisfaction samples？

您對樣衣存在不滿意的地方是否及時溝通與解決？ 1 □ 2 □ 3 □ 4 □ 5 □

11）How about our adaptability and efficientibility on handling uncommon quality situation？ 1 □ 2 □ 3 □ 4 □ 5 □

您覺得我公司對品質異常處理的配合度及效率如何？

12）Please share with us any other information would you like to help us to do better.

您認為我們的工作還可以在哪些方面做得更好？

Comments/suggestions:

意見/建議：

Complaint:

不滿：

Compliment:

稱贊：

Please fill in your personal contact, so that we can contact and follow up your opinion. After that please Fax（021-******** ）or Email（angela.peng @smilewears.com） this paper to us, we promise your comments only read by our senior manager.

請填寫您的聯系方式，以便我們能與您聯系并跟進您的建議。填完后請將此表傳真（021-******** ）或發郵件（angela.peng @smilewears.com）至我公司，我們承諾，此表只送至高層管理者手中。

意見英文(5)

Opinions of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on Deepening the Health Care System Reform

中共中央國務院關于深化醫藥衛生體制改革的意見

In the spirit of the 17th CPC National Congress, for the purpose of establishing a health care system with Chinese characteristics, of gradually realizing the goal that everyone is entitled to basic health care services, and of raising the health level of the Chinese people, we hereby put forward the following opinions on deepening the health care system reform.

按照黨的十七大精神，為建立中國特色醫藥衛生體制，逐步實現人人享有基本醫療衛生服務的目標，提高全民健康水平，現就深化醫藥衛生體制改革提出如下意見。

I. Fully recognizing the importance, urgency and arduousness of deepening the health care system reform

一、充分認識深化醫藥衛生體制改革的重要性、緊迫性和艱巨性

The health care sector is a major livelihood issue, as it is closely related to the health of billions of people and the happiness of every household. To deepen the health care system reform, quicken the development of health care sector, meet the people’s ever increasing health care demands, and continuously improve the people’s health is an inevitable requirement of implementing the Scientific Outlook on Development and accelerating economic and social development in a coordinated and sustainable manner, an important measure to maintain social fairness and justice and improve the quality of people’s life, and also a major task of building moderately prosperous society in an all-round way and constructing harmonious socialist society.

醫藥衛生事業關系億萬人民的健康，關系千家萬戶的幸福，是重大民生問題。深化醫藥衛生體制改革，加快醫藥衛生事業發展，適應人民群眾日益增長的醫藥衛生需求，不斷提高人民群眾健康素質，是貫徹落實科學發展觀、促進經濟社會全面協調可持續發展的必然要求，是維護社會公平正義、提高人民生活質量的重要舉措，是全面建設小康社會和構建社會主義和諧社會的一項重大任務。

Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, and since the beginning of the reform and opening-up in particular, China’s health care sector has made remarkable achievements. A health service system covering both urban and rural residents has basically come into being; the disease prevention and treatment capacity has been continuously strengthened; the population covered by health care has gradually expanded; health science and technology level has rapidly risen; the people’s health level has been markedly improved; and the major resident health indexes now rank among the highest in the developing countries. Since the major victory won in combating SARS in particular, governments at various levels have increased their investment, the development of public health, rural health care and urban community health care has been accelerated, and the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme and the basic medical insurance system for urban residents have made breakthroughs, all of which have laid a solid foundation for deepening the health care system reform. At the same time, however, we must be aware that there is still a rather prominent contradiction between the current development level of China’s health care sector and the people’s health demands and the requirements of balanced socio-economic development. Health care undertakings are developing unevenly between urban and rural areas and among different regions; resource allocation is unreasonable; the work of public health as well as rural and community health care is comparatively weak; the medical insurance system is incomplete; pharmaceutical production and circulation order is not well regulated; the hospital managerial system and operational mechanism are imperfect; government investment in health is insufficient; medical costs are soaring, individual burden is too heavy, and therefore, the people’s reaction is very strong.

新中國成立以來，特別是改革開放以來，我國醫藥衛生事業取得了顯著成就，覆蓋城鄉的醫藥衛生服務體系基本形成，疾病防治能力不斷增強，醫療保障覆蓋人口逐步擴大，衛生科技水平迅速提高，人民群眾健康水平明顯改善，居民主要健康指標處于發展中國家前列。尤其是抗擊非典取得重大勝利以來，各級政府投入加大，公共衛生、農村醫療衛生和城市社區衛生發展加快，新型農村合作醫療和城鎮居民基本醫療保險取得突破性進展，為深化醫藥衛生體制改革打下了良好基礎。同時，也應該看到，當前我國醫藥衛生事業發展水平與人民群眾健康需求及經濟社會協調發展要求不適應的矛盾還比較突出。城鄉和區域醫療衛生事業發展不平衡，資源配置不合理，公共衛生和農村、社區醫療衛生工作比較薄弱，醫療保障制度不健全，藥品生產流通秩序不規范，醫院管理體制和運行機制不完善，政府衛生投入不足，醫藥費用上漲過快，個人負擔過重，對此，人民群眾反映強烈。

Featuring arduous health care tasks, the period from now to 2020 is crucial for China to build moderately prosperous society in an all-round way. Along with economic development and improvement of people’s living standards, the people will make higher demands on bettering health care services. Industrialization, urbanization, population aging, disease spectrum change, eco-environmental change and other factors pose a series of new and serious challenges to the health care work. To deepen the health care system reform is a strategic choice to accelerate the development of health care undertakings, an important channel to realize the goal of enabling people to share the achievements of reform and development, and an urgent aspiration of the broad masses of the people.

從現在到２０２０年，是我國全面建設小康社會的關鍵時期，醫藥衛生工作任務繁重。隨著經濟的發展和人民生活水平的提高，群眾對改善醫藥衛生服務將會有更高的要求。工業化、城鎮化、人口老齡化、疾病譜變化和生態環境變化等，都給醫藥衛生工作帶來一系列新的嚴峻挑戰。深化醫藥衛生體制改革，是加快醫藥衛生事業發展的戰略選擇，是實現人民共享改革發展成果的重要途徑，是廣大人民群眾的迫切愿望。

Deepening the health care system reform is a difficult social systemic project involving broad aspects. China has a large population, low per capita income, significant urban-rural and regional disparities, and will be at the primary stage of socialism for a long period of time. These basic national conditions determine that the task of deepening the health care system reform is extremely complicated and arduous, and that it will be a gradual process. Therefore, only through long and arduous endeavors and perseverant explorations on the basis of specified directions and framework can we progressively establish a health care system in line with the country’s actual national conditions. To ensure the reform proceed smoothly and reach the expected goals, not only the reform should be pushed forward with firm determination, but also the work be well organized and steadily implemented.

深化醫藥衛生體制改革是一項涉及面廣、難度大的社會系統工程。我國人口多，人均收入水平低，城鄉、區域差距大，長期處于社會主義初級階段的基本國情，決定了深化醫藥衛生體制改革是一項十分復雜艱巨的任務，是一個漸進的過程，需要在明確方向和框架的基礎上，經過長期艱苦努力和堅持不懈的探索，才能逐步建立符合我國國情的醫藥衛生體制。因此，對深化醫藥衛生體制改革，既要堅定決心、抓緊推進，又要精心組織、穩步實施，確保改革順利進行，達到預期目標。

II. The guidelines, basic principles and overall goal of deepening the health care system reform

?二、深化醫藥衛生體制改革的指導思想、基本原則和總體目標

(i) The guidelines for deepening the health care system reform

（一）深化醫藥衛生體制改革的指導思想。

It should be guided by the important thoughts of Deng Xiaoping theory and Three Represents; it should implement in depth the Scientific Outlook on Development; it should proceed from China’s national conditions, and draw on the useful international experience; it should aim at achieving the goal of ensuring basic health care services for everyone, and emphatically address the problems concerning the most direct and real interests of the people or the ones that the people are most concerned about. It should adhere to the commonweal nature of public health care; it should adhere to the policy of regarding prevention as the main task and the rural areas as the focal point, and of laying equal stress on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and western medicine; it should implement separation between government agencies and public institutions, between government administration and business operations, between medical and pharmaceutical services, and between profit and non-profit; it should strengthen government responsibility and investment, improve national health policies, perfect institutional systems, enhance supervision and regulation, promote institutional innovations, and encourage social participation, so as to construct a basic health care system covering urban and rural residents, continuously raise the health level of the entire population, and promote social harmony.

以鄧小平理論和“三個代表”重要思想為指導，深入貫徹落實科學發展觀，從我國國情出發，借鑒國際有益經驗，著眼于實現人人享有基本醫療衛生服務的目標，著力解決人民群眾最關心、最直接、最現實的利益問題。堅持公共醫療衛生的公益性質，堅持預防為主、以農村為重點、中西醫并重的方針，實行政事分開、管辦分開、醫藥分開、營利性和非營利性分開，強化政府責任和投入，完善國民健康政策，健全制度體系，加強監督管理，創新體制機制，鼓勵社會參與，建設覆蓋城鄉居民的基本醫療衛生制度，不斷提高全民健康水平，促進社會和諧。

(ii) The principles for deepening the health care system reform The health care system reform must be firmly based on the country’s basic conditions and proceed from reality, adhere to the right reform principles.

（二）深化醫藥衛生體制改革的基本原則。醫藥衛生體制改革必須立足國情，一切從實際出發，堅持正確的改革原則。

We should adhere to the people-first principle and attach primary importance to safeguarding the rights and interests of the people’s health. We should adhere to the tenet of serving the people’s health with health care undertakings; regard safeguarding the people’s health as the center, and take the entitlement of basic health care services to everyone as the fundamental aim and outcome; make sure that the principle of commonweal nature be complied with throughout the entire process, from designing the reform program, establishing the health system, to constructing the health care service system; ensure that the basic health care system be public goods provided to the entire population; emphatically resolve the prominent problems to which people strongly react, and strive to achieve the goal of ensuring that health care services be available to the entire population.

——堅持以人為本，把維護人民健康權益放在第一位。堅持醫藥衛生事業為人民健康服務的宗旨，以保障人民健康為中心，以人人享有基本醫療衛生服務為根本出發點和落腳點，從改革方案設計、衛生制度建立到服務體系建設都要遵循公益性的原則，把基本醫療衛生制度作為公共產品向全民提供，著力解決群眾反映強烈的突出問題，努力實現全體人民病有所醫。

- We should adhere to finding a foothold in China’s national conditions and build the health care system with Chinese characteristics. We should adhere to proceeding from the country’s basic conditions, sum up the practical experience of the reform and development of China’s health care undertakings by seeking truth from facts, and accurately identify the law of development and principal challenges of health care undertakings; adhere to ensuring that the basic health care service level is in coordination with the socio-economic development, and in conjunction with the affordability of the people; bring the role of TCM (including ethnic minority traditional medicine) into full play; adhere to positioning on local conditions, specifying guidance for different localities, giving full play to local initiatives, and exploring with the aim to establishing the basic health care system conforming to the country’s national conditions.

——堅持立足國情，建立中國特色醫藥衛生體制。堅持從基本國情出發，實事求是地總結醫藥衛生事業改革發展的實踐經驗，準確把握醫藥衛生發展規律和主要矛盾；堅持基本醫療衛生服務水平與經濟社會發展相協調、與人民群眾的承受能力相適應；充分發揮中醫藥（民族醫藥）作用；堅持因地制宜、分類指導，發揮地方積極性，探索建立符合國情的基本醫療衛生制度。

- We should adhere to the unity of fairness and efficiency and combine government’s leading role with the role of market forces. We should intensify government’s responsibility in the basic health care system, strengthen governmental functions in institutionalization, planning, fund-raising, service provision, supervision and regulation, etc., safeguard the commonweal nature of public health care system, and advance fairness and justice. In addition, we should emphatically give full play to the role of market forces, call on social participation, promote the formation of orderly competition mechanism, upgrade operational efficiency, service level and quality of the health care system, and satisfy the people’s multi-layer and diversified demands for health care services.

——堅持公平與效率統一，政府主導與發揮市場機制作用相結合。強化政府在基本醫療衛生制度中的責任，加強政府在制度、規劃、籌資、服務、監管等方面的職責，維護公共醫療衛生的公益性，促進公平公正。同時，注重發揮市場機制作用，動員社會力量參與，促進有序競爭機制的形成，提高醫療衛生運行效率、服務水平和質量，滿足人民群眾多層次、多樣化的醫療衛生需求。

- We should adhere to overall planning and all-round consideration and combine resolving currently prominent problems with improving the institutional system. We should proceed from taking the overall situation into consideration, balance urban and rural development and development among different regions, reconcile the interests of the supplier, the customer and other stakeholders, emphasize the combination of prevention, treatment and rehabilitation, and appropriately handle the relationship among government, health care institutions, pharmaceutical enterprises, health care workers and the people. We should be far-sighted and engage in institutional innovations on the one hand, and focus on current situation and emphatically tackle the prominent problems of the health care system on the other hand; We should pay adequate attention to the overall design, clarify the overall reform direction, objective and basic framework on the one hand, and highlight the key points, conduct step-by-step implementation, and actively and prudently press ahead with the reform on the other hand.

——堅持統籌兼顧，把解決當前突出問題與完善制度體系結合起來。從全局出發，統籌城鄉、區域發展，兼顧供給方和需求方等各方利益，注重預防、治療、康復三者的結合，正確處理政府、衛生機構、醫藥企業、醫務人員和人民群眾之間的關系。既著眼長遠，創新體制機制，又立足當前，著力解決醫藥衛生事業中存在的突出問題。既注重整體設計，明確總體改革方向目標和基本框架，又突出重點，分步實施，積極穩妥地推進改革。

(iii) The overall goal of deepening the health care system：Establish and improve the basic health care system covering urban and rural residents, and provide the people with secure, efficient, convenient and affordable health care services.

（三）深化醫藥衛生體制改革的總體目標。建立健全覆蓋城鄉居民的基本醫療衛生制度，為群眾提供安全、有效、方便、價廉的醫療衛生服務。

By 2011, the basic medical security system shall have completely covered urban and rural residents, the essential medicines system shall have been preliminarily established, urban and rural grass-roots health care service system shall have been further strengthened, the basic public health services shall have been available far and wide, pilot projects for reforming state-owned hospitals shall have made breakthroughs, the accessibility to the basic health care services shall have been improved markedly, residents’ burden of medical costs shall be effectively reduced, and the problem of “difficult and costly access to health care services” shall have been remarkably relieved.

到２０１１年，基本醫療保障制度全面覆蓋城鄉居民，基本藥物制度初步建立，城鄉基層醫療衛生服務體系進一步健全，基本公共衛生服務得到普及，公立醫院改革試點取得突破，明顯提高基本醫療衛生服務可及性，有效減輕居民就醫費用負擔，切實緩解“看病難、看病貴”問題。

By 2020, the basic health care system covering urban and rural residents shall have been fundamentally established. We shall have set up, across the country, a fairly complete public health service system and health care service system, a comparatively sound medical security system, a secured and relatively well regulated pharmaceutical supply system, a comparatively sound health care institution management and operational system, a multi-sponsored medical configuration shall be formed, everyone shall have access to the basic health care services, the multi-layer demands of the people for health care services shall be met preliminarily, and the health level of the people shall be further enhanced.

到２０２０年，覆蓋城鄉居民的基本醫療衛生制度基本建立。普遍建立比較完善的公共衛生服務體系和醫療服務體系，比較健全的醫療保障體系，比較規范的藥品供應保障體系，比較科學的醫療衛生機構管理體制和運行機制，形成多元辦醫格局，人人享有基本醫療衛生服務，基本適應人民群眾多層次的醫療衛生需求，人民群眾健康水平進一步提高。

III. Improving four major health care systems and establishing the basic health care system covering urban and rural residents

三、完善醫藥衛生四大體系，建立覆蓋城鄉居民的基本醫療衛生制度

Four systems covering urban and rural residents shall be established, including the public health service system, health care service system, medical security system, and a secured pharmaceutical supply system, with an aim to forming a “four in one” basic health care system. The four systems shall be constructed in conjunction with each other, supplement each other and develop in a coordinated way.

建設覆蓋城鄉居民的公共衛生服務體系、醫療服務體系、醫療保障體系、藥品供應保障體系，形成四位一體的基本醫療衛生制度。四大體系相輔相成，配套建設，協調發展。

(iv) Strengthening the construction of the public health service system in an all-round way

（四）全面加強公共衛生服務體系建設。

Efforts should be made to establish and improve professional public health service networks, which include diseases prevention and control, health education, maternity and child care, mental health, emergency treatment, blood collection and supply, hygiene supervision, family planning, and etc.; improve the public health service functions of the basic health care service system, which is based on grass-roots health care service network; establish a public health service system featuring a clear-cut division of work, information-exchanging, resource-sharing, coordination and interaction; improve the capacity to deal with public health service and public health emergencies, and make equalized basic public health services gradually available to urban and rural residents.

建立健全疾病預防控制、健康教育、婦幼保健、精神衛生、應急救治、采供血、衛生監督和計劃生育等專業公共衛生服務網絡，完善以基層醫療衛生服務網絡為基礎的醫療服務體系的公共衛生服務功能，建立分工明確、信息互通、資源共享、協調互動的公共衛生服務體系，提高公共衛生服務和突發公共衛生事件應急處置能力，促進城鄉居民逐步享有均等化的基本公共衛生服務。

Efforts should be made to identify the scope of public health services. Clarify the national basic public health service items, and increase step by step the service contents. Encourage the local governments to increase, in accordance with the local economic development level and prominent public health problems, their public health service contents on the basis of the service items defined by the central government.

確定公共衛生服務范圍。明確國家基本公共衛生服務項目，逐步增加服務內容。鼓勵地方政府根據當地經濟發展水平和突出的公共衛生問題，在中央規定服務項目的基礎上增加公共衛生服務內容。

Efforts should be made to improve the public health service system. Further clarify the functions, goal and tasks of the public health service system, optimize personnel and equipment configurations, and explore the effective means of integrating public health service resources. Perfect the major diseases prevention and control system as well as public health emergency mechanism, strengthen the surveillance, prevention and control of the diseases that severely threatening the people’s health, such as infectious diseases, chronic diseases, endemic diseases, occupational diseases, birth defects, and so on. And strengthen the construction of urban and rural first-aid system.

完善公共衛生服務體系。進一步明確公共衛生服務體系的職能、目標和任務，優化人員和設備配置，探索整合公共衛生服務資源的有效形式。完善重大疾病防控體系和突發公共衛生事件應急機制，加強對嚴重威脅人民健康的傳染病、慢性病、地方病、職業病和出生缺陷等疾病的監測與預防控制。加強城鄉急救體系建設。

Efforts should be made to strengthen health promotion and education. Health care institutions, government agencies, schools, communities, enterprises, etc. shall massively carry out health education, take full advantage of various media, strengthen the dissemination of medical and health knowledge, advocate healthy and civilized lifestyle, promote rational nutrition among the public, and enhance the health awareness and self-care ability of the people.

加強健康促進與教育。醫療衛生機構及機關、學校、社區、企業等要大力開展健康教育，充分利用各種媒體，加強健康、醫藥衛生知識的傳播，倡導健康文明的生活方式，促進公眾合理營養，提高群眾的健康意識和自我保健能力。

Efforts should be made to implement in depth the patriotic public health campaign. Integrate the rural environmental sanitation and environmental pollution treatment into the new socialist rural construction plan, promote the construction of “Hygienic Cities and Civilized Villages and Towns”, and continuously improve the environmental sanitation of life and work of urban and rural residents.

深入開展愛國衛生運動。將農村環境衛生與環境污染治理納入社會主義新農村建設規劃，推動衛生城市和文明村鎮建設，不斷改善城鄉居民生活、工作等方面的衛生環境。

Efforts should be made to strengthen hygiene supervision services. Intensively promote environmental sanitation, food hygiene, occupational health, school health as well as the health services for floating population, such as migrant workers, etc.

加強衛生監督服務。大力促進環境衛生、食品衛生、職業衛生、學校衛生，以及農民工等流動人口衛生工作。

(v) Further improving the health care service system

（五）進一步完善醫療服務體系。

A rationally structured health care service system covering urban and rural residents should be established by adhering to the operational principle of taking the non-profit health care institutions as the main body, for-profit health care institutions as the supplement, with the state-owned institutions playing a leading role, while non-state-owned health care institutions making synergies in the development.

堅持非營利性醫療機構為主體、營利性醫療機構為補充，公立醫療機構為主導、非公立醫療機構共同發展的辦醫原則，建設結構合理、覆蓋城鄉的醫療服務體系。

Efforts should be made to energetically develop the rural health care service system. Efforts should be made to further complete the rural health care service network with county-level hospitals as the bellwether, township health centers and village clinics as the basis. As the intra-county health care center, the county-level hospitals shall be mainly in charge of the basic health care services, treating and saving patients with severe or acute diseases, as well as take the responsibility of providing professional and technical guidance to township health centers and village clinics and offering further education and training to the health care workers of two latter institutions. The township health centers shall take the responsibility of providing public health services and comprehensive services of diagnosing and treating the commonly or frequently encountered diseases, and of offering professional management over and technical guidance to village clinics, which shall, in turn, take the responsibility of the administrative villages’ public health services, the diagnoses and treatment of general diseases and other services. An integrated approach shall be adopted to manage both the township health centers and village clinics in the rural areas where conditions permit. Efforts should be made to actively promote the construction of rural health care infrastructure and capacity building. The government shall focus on the well-running of the county-level hospitals and a health center in each town, support the construction of village clinics through various ways, and ensure that each administrative village have a clinic, so as to vigorously improve rural health care conditions and upgrade service quality.

大力發展農村醫療衛生服務體系。進一步健全以縣級醫院為龍頭、鄉鎮衛生院和村衛生室為基礎的農村醫療衛生服務網絡。縣級醫院作為縣域內的醫療衛生中心，主要負責基本醫療服務及危重急癥病人的搶救，并承擔對鄉鎮衛生院、村衛生室的業務技術指導和衛生人員的進修培訓；鄉鎮衛生院負責提供公共衛生服務和常見病、多發病的診療等綜合服務，并承擔對村衛生室的業務管理和技術指導；村衛生室承擔行政村的公共衛生服務及一般疾病的診治等工作。有條件的農村實行鄉村一體化管理。積極推進農村醫療衛生基礎設施和能力建設，政府重點辦好縣級醫院，并在每個鄉鎮辦好一所衛生院，采取多種形式支持村衛生室建設，使每個行政村都有一所村衛生室，大力改善農村醫療衛生條件，提高服務質量。

Efforts should be made to improve the new urban health care service system on the basis of community health care services. Quicken the building of the urban community health care service network with community health centers as the main body, and improve service functions. With safeguarding the community residents’ health as the focal point, provide them with public health services such as diseases prevention and control, preliminary diagnoses and treatment of the general, commonly and frequently encountered diseases, chronic diseases management and rehabilitation services. Transform the community health care service mode, continuously raise the service level, take the initiative to offer services, provide household visits, and gradually assume the responsibility and duties of the “gate-keeper” for residents’ health.

完善以社區衛生服務為基礎的新型城市醫療衛生服務體系。加快建設以社區衛生服務中心為主體的城市社區衛生服務網絡，完善服務功能，以維護社區居民健康為中心，提供疾病預防控制等公共衛生服務、一般常見病及多發病的初級診療服務、慢性病管理和康復服務。轉變社區衛生服務模式，不斷提高服務水平，堅持主動服務、上門服務，逐步承擔起居民健康“守門人”的職責。

Efforts should be made to complete the functions and responsibilities of various hospitals. Efforts should be made to optimize the configuration and structure, give full play to the backbone role of urban hospitals in terms of diagnoses and treatment of dangerous, severe and acute diseases as well as difficult and complicated diseases, medical education, research, guiding and training grass-roots health care workers, and etc. Conditions permitting, major hospitals may, in light of demands of the regional health planning, promote the rational flowing of health care resources through means of trusteeship, reorganization, and etc.

健全各類醫院的功能和職責。優化布局和結構，充分發揮城市醫院在危重急癥和疑難病癥的診療、醫學教育和科研、指導和培訓基層衛生人員等方面的骨干作用。有條件的大醫院按照區域衛生規劃要求，可以通過托管、重組等方式促進醫療資源合理流動。

Efforts should be made to establish the mechanism of labor division and work coordination between urban hospitals and community health service institutions. Urban hospitals shall, through technical support, personnel training and other ways, lead the sustainable development of community health services. Meanwhile, urban hospitals shall take such comprehensive measures as strengthening service capacity, reducing fees and charges, raising reimbursement ratio and etc. to guide general diagnosis and treatment down to grass-roots medical institutions, and gradually achieve the goal of the initial diagnosis to be conducted in community health centers, classification of medical treatments, and dual referral. Efforts should be made to integrate urban health resources, make full use of existing sources, such as primary and secondary urban hospitals, health care institutions affiliated to state-owned enterprises and public institutions and other privately-run medical institutions, and develop and improve the community health service network.

建立城市醫院與社區衛生服務機構的分工協作機制。城市醫院通過技術支持、人員培訓等方式，帶動社區衛生服務持續發展。同時，采取增強服務能力、降低收費標準、提高報銷比例等綜合措施，引導一般診療下沉到基層，逐步實現社區首診、分級醫療和雙向轉診。整合城市衛生資源，充分利用城市現有一、二級醫院及國有企事業單位所屬醫療機構和社會力量舉辦的醫療機構等資源，發展和完善社區衛生服務網絡。

Efforts should be made to bring into full play the role of TCM (including ethnic minority traditional medicine) in the prevention and control of diseases, public health emergency response, as well as in health care services. Reinforce the construction of TCM clinical research bases and TCM hospitals, organize and carry out the joint research of preventing and treating difficult and complicated diseases with TCM. Vigorously promote appropriate TCM techniques in grass-roots health care services. Take up favorable policies to foster TCM development, and promote the inheritance and innovations of TCM.

充分發揮中醫藥（民族醫藥）在疾病預防控制、應對突發公共衛生事件、醫療服務中的作用。加強中醫臨床研究基地和中醫院建設，組織開展中醫藥防治疑難疾病的聯合攻關。在基層醫療衛生服務中，大力推廣中醫藥適宜技術。采取扶持中醫藥發展政策，促進中醫藥繼承和創新。

Efforts should be made to establish the system of urban hospitals offering counterpart support to rural health care. The developed regions shall reinforce their counterpart support to the development of health care undertakings in the poverty-stricken regions and ethnic minority regions. Major urban hospitals shall establish long-term stable counterpart support to and cooperation with county-level hospitals, assisting the latter to improve health care level and service capacity through clinical practice, staff training, technical guidance, equipment support and other ways.

建立城市醫院對口支援農村醫療衛生工作的制度。發達地區要加強對口支援貧困地區和少數民族地區發展醫療衛生事業。城市大醫院要與縣級醫院建立長期穩定的對口支援和合作制度，采取臨床服務、人員培訓、技術指導、設備支援等方式，幫助其提高醫療水平和服務能力。

(vi) Quickening the construction of the medical security system

（六）加快建設醫療保障體系。

Efforts should be made to quicken the construction and improvement of the multi-layer medical security system covering urban and rural residents, with the basic medical security as the main body, and other diversified supplemental medical insurance and commercial health insurance as the supplement.

加快建立和完善以基本醫療保障為主體，其他多種形式補充醫療保險和商業健康保險為補充，覆蓋城鄉居民的多層次醫療保障體系。

Efforts should be made to establish the basic medical security system covering urban and rural residents. The basic medical security system shall be jointly composed of urban employees’ basic medical insurance, urban residents’ basic medical insurance, New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme and urban-rural medical assistance system, covering urban employees, urban non-employees, rural population, and urban and rural economically strained residents, respectively. Efforts should be made to adhere to the principle of covering a wide coverage, ensuring basic medical services and pursuing sustainable development, proceed from emphatically ensuring the treatment of major diseases, gradually extend to the ailments for clinics, and continuously raise the medical security level. Efforts should be made to establish a multi-channel fund-raising mechanism featuring a clear-cut division of responsibility of the government, employer, family and individual, and rational expense-sharing proportions, so as to achieve social mutual-aid. Along with economic and social development, efforts should be made to uplift the fund raising and pooling levels step by step, narrow the gap between different insurance schemes, and eventually achieve the fundamental unity of those schemes. Efforts should be made to further complete urban employees’ basic medical insurance system, quicken the coverage of the employed population, emphatically address basic medical insurance problems of employees and retirees of the closed-down or bankrupted state-owned enterprises and enterprises with financial difficulties, employees of non-public economic sectors as well as temporary contract workers ; fully implement the urban resident basic medical insurance in 2009, and lay stress on tackling basic medical insurance problems concerning the aged, the disabled and the children; fully implement the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme, progressively raise the government subsidy level, and appropriately increase the farmers’ contributions, so as to enhance the medical security capacity; upgrade the urban and rural medical assistance system, subsidize those who are economically strained for the premium payment，and subsidize them for their unbearable medical expenses, by this way to build a firm medical security baseline. And efforts should be made to explore the establishment of management mechanism for an integrated urban and rural basic medical security system.

建立覆蓋城鄉居民的基本醫療保障體系。城鎮職工基本醫療保險、城鎮居民基本醫療保險、新型農村合作醫療和城鄉醫療救助共同組成基本醫療保障體系，分別覆蓋城鎮就業人口、城鎮非就業人口、農村人口和城鄉困難人群。堅持廣覆蓋、保基本、可持續的原則，從重點保障大病起步，逐步向門診小病延伸，不斷提高保障水平。建立國家、單位、家庭和個人責任明確、分擔合理的多渠道籌資機制，實現社會互助共濟。隨著經濟社會發展，逐步提高籌資水平和統籌層次，縮小保障水平差距，最終實現制度框架的基本統一。進一步完善城鎮職工基本醫療保險制度，加快覆蓋就業人口，重點解決國有關閉破產企業、困難企業等職工和退休人員，以及非公有制經濟組織從業人員和靈活就業人員的基本醫療保險問題；２００９年全面推開城鎮居民基本醫療保險，重視解決老人、殘疾人和兒童的基本醫療保險問題；全面實施新型農村合作醫療制度，逐步提高政府補助水平，適當增加農民繳費，提高保障能力；完善城鄉醫療救助制度，對困難人群參保及其難以負擔的醫療費用提供補助，筑牢醫療保障底線。探索建立城鄉一體化的基本醫療保障管理制度。

Efforts should be made to encourage trade unions and other social groups to carry out diversified mutual aid activities for health care, and encourage and guide various organizations and individuals to develop charity medical assistance.

鼓勵工會等社會團體開展多種形式的醫療互助活動。鼓勵和引導各類組織和個人發展社會慈善醫療救助。

Efforts should be made to properly link the urban employees’ basic medical insurance system, urban residents’ basic medical insurance system, New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme and urban and rural medical assistance system. Efforts should be made to actively and properly conduct the transferal and continuation of basic medical insurance credentials from one region to another, laying stress on the migrant workers floating between urban and rural areas; improve the settlement services for treatment received allopatry, focusing attention on the retirees settled in places other than the locality where they used to work; properly address basic medical insurance issues concerning migrant workers; in light of government regulations, clarify the contribution obligations of enterprises with whom migrant workers sign employment contracts and establish steady labor relationship, and such migrant workers shall be integrated into urban employees’ basic medical insurance system; other migrant workers may participate, in accordance with their actual situation, in the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme of the places of their origin, or the urban residents’ basic medical insurance of their work locations.

做好城鎮職工基本醫療保險制度、城鎮居民基本醫療保險制度、新型農村合作醫療制度和城鄉醫療救助制度之間的銜接。以城鄉流動的農民工為重點積極做好基本醫療保險關系轉移接續，以異地安置的退休人員為重點改進異地就醫結算服務。妥善解決農民工基本醫療保險問題。簽訂勞動合同并與企業建立穩定勞動關系的農民工，要按照國家規定明確用人單位繳費責任，將其納入城鎮職工基本醫療保險制度；其他農民工根據實際情況，參加戶籍所在地新型農村合作醫療或務工所在地城鎮居民基本醫療保險。

Efforts should be made to actively develop commercial health insurance. Encourage commercial insurance agencies to develop health insurance products to meet different demands, simplify claim formalities, provide convenience to the people, and satisfy diversified health demands. Encourage enterprises and individuals to resolve their demands beyond the basic medical insurance through participating in commercial insurance and diversified supplemental insurance. On the premise ensuring fund security and effective supervision, actively advocate, in the form of government purchase of medical security services, to explore the possibility of entrusting qualified commercial insurance agencies with handling various medical security management services.

積極發展商業健康保險。鼓勵商業保險機構開發適應不同需要的健康保險產品，簡化理賠手續，方便群眾，滿足多樣化的健康需求。鼓勵企業和個人通過參加商業保險及多種形式的補充保險解決基本醫療保障之外的需求。在確保基金安全和有效監管的前提下，積極提倡以政府購買醫療保障服務的方式，探索委托具有資質的商業保險機構經辦各類醫療保障管理服務。

(vii) Establishing and completing a secured pharmaceutical supply system

（七）建立健全藥品供應保障體系。

Efforts should be made to accelerate the establishment of a secured pharmaceutical supply system on the basis of the national essential medicines system, and ensure medicine safety for the people.

加快建立以國家基本藥物制度為基礎的藥品供應保障體系，保障人民群眾安全用藥。

Efforts should be made to establish the national essential medicines system. The central government shall unitarily formulate and issue national essential medicines list, and rationally determine the categories and quantities of medicines in line with China’s medication characteristics and with reference to international experience; in this process, the following principle shall be adhered to, i.e., medicines selected must be necessary for disease prevention and treatment, must be safe and effective, must be of reasonable price, must be convenient to use, and equal stress must be laid upon TCM and western medicines. Efforts should be made to establish a secured production and supply system of essential medicines, and bring market forces into full play under government macro-control; open tender and unified distribution shall be adopted for the essential medicines procurement, and the intermediary links shall be reduced, so as to ensure the people’s access to the essential medicines. The central government shall set government-guided retail prices for the essential medicines, within which, the provincial people’s government shall determine unified purchasing prices of its own region according to its actual situation of tender invitation. Efforts should be made to regulate the use of the essential medicines, and formulate the essential medicines clinical application guide and formulary. All urban and rural grass-roots health care institutions shall be equipped with and use the essential medicines for medication, and other various health care institutions shall also take the essential medicines as their primary choice remedy, and ascertain the due application proportions. All essential medicines shall be integrated into the reimbursement list of basic medical insurance, with markedly higher reimbursement proportions than those of non-essential medicines.

建立國家基本藥物制度。中央政府統一制定和發布國家基本藥物目錄，按照防治必需、安全有效、價格合理、使用方便、中西藥并重的原則，結合我國用藥特點，參照國際經驗，合理確定品種和數量。建立基本藥物的生產供應保障體系，在政府宏觀調控下充分發揮市場機制的作用，基本藥物實行公開招標采購，統一配送，減少中間環節，保障群眾基本用藥。國家制定基本藥物零售指導價格，在指導價格內，由省級人民政府根據招標情況確定本地區的統一采購價格。規范基本藥物使用，制定基本藥物臨床應用指南和基本藥物處方集。城鄉基層醫療衛生機構應全部配備、使用基本藥物，其他各類醫療機構也要將基本藥物作為首選藥物并確定使用比例。基本藥物全部納入基本醫療保障藥物報銷目錄，報銷比例明顯高于非基本藥物。

Efforts should be made to regulate pharmaceutical production and circulation. Efforts should be made to improve development policies and programs for the pharmaceutical industry, enforce rigorous market access and drug registration and approval, vigorously regulate and consolidate the production and circulation order, promote independent innovation capacity of pharmaceutical enterprises and optimize and upgrade the structure of the pharmaceutical industry, develop modern drug logistics and chain-store operations, and promote the integration of drug production and circulation enterprises. Efforts should be made to establish the rural drug supply network offering more convenience to the people and more benefit to farmers; improve the drug reserve system; support the production of small-quantity special medication and first-aid medicines; regulate medicine procurement and resolutely crack down on commercial bribery in pharmaceutical procurement and sales; strengthen the surveillance of drug adverse reaction and establish early warning and emergency response mechanism for drug safety.

規范藥品生產流通。完善醫藥產業發展政策和行業發展規劃，嚴格市場準入和藥品注冊審批，大力規范和整頓生產流通秩序，推動醫藥企業提高自主創新能力和醫藥產業結構優化升級，發展藥品現代物流和連鎖經營，促進藥品生產、流通企業的整合。建立便民惠農的農村藥品供應網。完善藥品儲備制度。支持用量小的特殊用藥、急救用藥生產。規范藥品采購，堅決治理醫藥購銷中的商業賄賂。加強藥品不良反應監測，建立藥品安全預警和應急處置機制。

IV. Improving institutional mechanism, ensuring effective and well regulated operations of the health care system

?四、完善體制機制，保障醫藥衛生體系有效規范運轉

Efforts should be made to improve the health institutional mechanisms, involving management, operation, investment, price and supervision, reinforce the development of science, technology, professional talents, information and legal system, and ensure that the health care system shall operate in an effective and well regulated way.

完善醫藥衛生的管理、運行、投入、價格、監管體制機制，加強科技與人才、信息、法制建設，保障醫藥衛生體系有效規范運轉。

(viii) Establishing a coordinated and unified health care administration system

（八）建立協調統一的醫藥衛生管理體制。

Efforts should be made to implement localization and sector-wide administration. Each health care institution, regardless of their ownership, investor, administrative affiliation, business operation category, shall be subject to the unified planning, access and regulation implemented by the health administrative department in the location concerned. The central and provincial governments may establish limited number of medical centers or regional centers undertaking medical research and teaching functions, as well as specialized hospitals undertaking the diagnoses and treatment of the difficult and complicated diseases across the country or a region. County (city) governments shall mainly take the responsibility of establishing county-level hospitals, village and community health service institutions; and other public hospitals shall be established by the cities.

實施屬地化和全行業管理。所有醫療衛生機構，不論所有制、投資主體、隸屬關系和經營性質，均由所在地衛生行政部門實行統一規劃、統一準入、統一監管。中央、省級可以設置少量承擔醫學科研、教學功能的醫學中心或區域醫療中心，以及承擔全國或區域性疑難病癥診治的專科醫院等醫療機構；縣（市）主要負責舉辦縣級醫院、鄉村衛生和社區衛生服務機構；其余公立醫院由市負責舉辦。

Efforts should be made to strengthen regional health planning. Provincial governments shall formulate allocation criteria for health resources, organize the formulation of regional health planning and plans for setting up health care institutions, and define the quantity, scale, layout and functions of health care institutions. Efforts should be made to rationally formulate the construction and equipment configuration standards for township health centers (village clinics), community health centers (stations) and other grass-roots health care institutions and hospitals at various levels. Efforts should be made to make full use of and optimize the distribution of existing health care resources, gradually integrate and consolidate health care institutions that are inconsistent with requirements of relevant plans, strictly control the deployment of large-sized medical equipment, encourage joint construction and sharing, and enhance the utilization efficiency of medical and health resources. The newly added health resources must be in conformity with regional health planning, and priority should be given to weak areas such as rural and community health services. Efforts should be made to strengthen the connection between regional health planning and urban-rural development plans, land use overall plans and etc; establish the monitoring and assessment mechanism for regional health planning and resource allocation.

強化區域衛生規劃。省級人民政府制定衛生資源配置標準，組織編制區域衛生規劃和醫療機構設置規劃，明確醫療機構的數量、規模、布局和功能。科學制定鄉鎮衛生院（村衛生室）、社區衛生服務中心（站）等基層醫療衛生機構和各級醫院建設與設備配置標準。充分利用和優化配置現有醫療衛生資源，對不符合規劃要求的醫療機構要逐步進行整合，嚴格控制大型醫療設備配置，鼓勵共建共享，提高醫療衛生資源利用效率。新增衛生資源必須符合區域衛生規劃，重點投向農村和社區衛生等薄弱環節。加強區域衛生規劃與城鄉規劃、土地利用總體規劃等的銜接。建立區域衛生規劃和資源配置監督評價機制。

Efforts should be made to promote the reform on the administration system for public hospitals. The reform shall be conducive to reinforcing of the commonweal nature of public hospitals and the effectiveness of government regulation, and actively explore diversified forms for effectively realizing the separation of functions of government agencies and public institutions, and separation of administration and business operations. Efforts should be made to further transform government functions, with health administrative departments mainly taking the responsibility of sector administration functions, such as health development planning, review of qualification and access, formulation of rules and standards, supervision and regulation on services, and etc., and other departments concerned, each according to their own functions, conducting administration and providing services. Efforts should be made to put into effect the independent corporate status of public hospitals.

推進公立醫院管理體制改革。從有利于強化公立醫院公益性和政府有效監管出發，積極探索政事分開、管辦分開的多種實現形式。進一步轉變政府職能，衛生行政部門主要承擔衛生發展規劃、資格準入、規范標準、服務監管等行業管理職能，其他有關部門按照各自職能進行管理和提供服務。落實公立醫院獨立法人地位。

Efforts should be made to further improve the basic medical insurance management system. The central government shall unitarily formulate the framework and policies of the basic medical insurance system, while local governments shall take the responsibility of organizing the implementation and management, create conditions for gradually uplifting the level of fund-pooling. Efforts should be made to effectively integrate the resources handling the basic medical insurance, and progressively achieve unified administration of urban and rural basic medical insurance.

進一步完善基本醫療保險管理體制。中央統一制定基本醫療保險制度框架和政策，地方政府負責組織實施管理，創造條件逐步提高統籌層次。有效整合基本醫療保險經辦資源，逐步實現城鄉基本醫療保險行政管理的統一。

(ix) Establishing an efficient and well regulated operation system for health care institutions

（九）建立高效規范的醫藥衛生機構運行機制。

All expenditures and revenues of public health institutions shall be integrated into budget management. In light of the duties and tasks of the said institutions, the government shall rationally determine their staff size, salary level, and budget scale, clarify the duties of various positions, exercise rigorous staff enrolment criteria, strengthen performance assessment, establish the staff placement system on the basis of competitive selection, and improve work efficiency and service quality.

公共衛生機構收支全部納入預算管理。按照承擔的職責任務，由政府合理確定人員編制、工資水平和經費標準，明確各類人員崗位職責，嚴格人員準入，加強績效考核，建立能進能出的用人制度，提高工作效率和服務質量。

Efforts should be made to transform the operation mechanism of grass-roots health care institutions. As for the government-sponsored grass-roots health care institutions, such as urban health service centers (stations) and township health centers, their service functions shall be strictly defined, and the use of appropriate techniques, equipment and essential medicines be clearly required; and the said institutions shall provide the people with low-cost services, and maintain their commonweal nature. Efforts should be made to strictly verify the staff size, implement personnel employment system, and establish the human resources management system featuring competitiveness, motivation and efficiency; clarify the scope and standard of expenditure and income, implement financial management measures, including task verification, expenditure and revenue verification, performance assessment and subsidy; explore the possibility of implementing diversified effective management methods, such as separate management of expenditure and revenue, prepayment of the total amount of public health and basic medical insurance funds, exercise strict management of expenditure and revenue budgeting, and increase the funds utilization efficiency; reform the drug margin policy and implement drug sale with no markup; strengthen and improve internal management, establish an evaluation and incentive system with service quality as the core, and post responsibility and performance as the basis, and form a long-term mechanism ensuring fairness and efficiency.

轉變基層醫療衛生機構運行機制。政府舉辦的城市社區衛生服務中心（站）和鄉鎮衛生院等基層醫療衛生機構，要嚴格界定服務功能，明確規定使用適宜技術、適宜設備和基本藥物，為廣大群眾提供低成本服務，維護公益性質。要嚴格核定人員編制，實行人員聘用制，建立能進能出和激勵有效的人力資源管理制度。要明確收支范圍和標準，實行核定任務、核定收支、績效考核補助的財務管理辦法，并探索實行收支兩條線、公共衛生和醫療保障經費的總額預付等多種行之有效的管理辦法，嚴格收支預算管理，提高資金使用效益。要改革藥品加成政策，實行藥品零差率銷售。加強和完善內部管理，建立以服務質量為核心、以崗位責任與績效為基礎的考核和激勵制度，形成保障公平效率的長效機制。

Efforts should be made to establish a well regulated operational mechanism of public hospitals, which shall comply with the principle of commonweal nature and social benefits, adopt a patient-oriented approach, optimize service process, and regulate medication, examination and treatment. Efforts should be made to deepen the operation mechanism reform, establish and better the hospital corporate governance structure, specify rights and responsibilities of owners and managers, and form a mechanism featuring check and balance of policy-making, implementation and supervision, and integrating responsibility, incentives, restraints, competitiveness and vitality. Efforts should be made to promote the separation between health care services and drug sale, and actively explore diversified effective ways to gradually reform the mechanism of compensating the medical cost through drug sale; gradually reform or rescind the drug margin policy through implementing differentiated price markup between drug purchase and sale and through setting up prescription service fees; meanwhile, improve the compensation mechanism of public hospitals through appropriately adjusting health care service prices, increasing government investment, reforming methods of payment, and etc. Efforts should be made to further improve the financial and accounting management system, implement rigorous budget management, and strengthen financial regulation and operation supervision. Local governments may, in line with local circumstances, conduct pilot projects of diversified management methods in hospitals where conditions permit, for instance, methods such as “expenditure and revenue verification, compensating expenditure with revenue, turning in the surplus, subsidy for the gap, clear-cut reward and penalty”. Efforts should be made to reform the human resources system, improve income distribution and incentives, promote the employment system and post management system, enforce rigorous management on total salary, implement the system of comprehensive performance evaluation and post-performance based salary in line with service quality and workload, and effectively mobilize the initiatives of health care workers.

建立規范的公立醫院運行機制。公立醫院要遵循公益性質和社會效益原則，堅持以病人為中心，優化服務流程，規范用藥、檢查和醫療行為。深化運行機制改革，建立和完善醫院法人治理結構，明確所有者和管理者的責權，形成決策、執行、監督相互制衡，有責任、有激勵、有約束、有競爭、有活力的機制。推進醫藥分開，積極探索多種有效方式逐步改革以藥補醫機制。通過實行藥品購銷差別加價、設立藥事服務費等多種方式逐步改革或取消藥品加成政策，同時采取適當調整醫療服務價格、增加政府投入、改革支付方式等措施完善公立醫院補償機制。進一步完善財務、會計管理制度，嚴格預算管理，加強財務監管和運行監督。地方可結合本地實際，對有條件的醫院開展“核定收支、以收抵支、超收上繳、差額補助、獎懲分明”等多種管理辦法的試點。改革人事制度，完善分配激勵機制，推行聘用制度和崗位管理制度，嚴格工資總額管理，實行以服務質量及崗位工作量為主的綜合績效考核和崗位績效工資制度，有效調動醫務人員的積極性。

Efforts should be made to construct a sound operation system for institutions handling medical insurance, including completing the internal governance structure, establishing a reasonable staff placement mechanism and a fair distribution system, improving the incentive and restraint mechanism, and enhancing the handling capacity and management efficiency of medical insurance.

健全醫療保險經辦機構運行機制。完善內部治理結構，建立合理的用人機制和分配制度，完善激勵約束機制，提高醫療保險經辦管理能力和管理效率。

(x) Working out a multi-source health investment mechanism with the government playing the dominant role

（十）建立政府主導的多元衛生投入機制。

Efforts should be made to specify the health investment responsibility of the government, society and individuals; establish the dominant position of the government in providing public health and basic health care services. The public health services shall be mainly provided, through government funding, to urban and rural residents in an equalized way. The expenses of the basic health care services shall be rationally proportioned and borne among the government, society and individuals. And special health care shall be directly paid for by individuals or borne by commercial health insurance.

明確政府、社會與個人的衛生投入責任。確立政府在提供公共衛生和基本醫療服務中的主導地位。公共衛生服務主要通過政府籌資，向城鄉居民均等化提供。基本醫療服務由政府、社會和個人三方合理分擔費用。特需醫療服務由個人直接付費或通過商業健康保險支付。

Efforts should be made to construct and improve the government health investment mechanism. Both the central and local governments shall increase their health investment, and reconcile the needs of both the supplier and the recipient. Gradually raise the proportion of government investment in the total health expenditure, and effectively alleviate individual residents’ burden in terms of basic health care expenses; the growth rate of government health investment shall be higher than that of the current financial expenditure, so as to gradually increase the proportion of government health investment in the current financial expenditures. The newly added government investment shall be emphatically used in supporting public health, rural health, urban community health and basic medical security.

建立和完善政府衛生投入機制。中央政府和地方政府都要增加對衛生的投入，并兼顧供給方和需求方。逐步提高政府衛生投入占衛生總費用的比重，使居民個人基本醫療衛生費用負擔有效減輕；政府衛生投入增長幅度要高于經常性財政支出的增長幅度，使政府衛生投入占經常性財政支出的比重逐步提高。新增政府衛生投入重點用于支持公共衛生、農村衛生、城市社區衛生和基本醫療保障。

In light of the principle of burden-sharing at all government levels, efforts should be made to rationally divide the health investment responsibility among the central government and local governments at various levels. The local governments shall take the principal responsibility, while the central government shall mainly subsidize national immunization program, interregional prevention and control of major communicable diseases and other issues of public health, basic medical security of urban and rural residents as well as the development of relevant public-owned health care institutions. And efforts should be made to increase special transfer payments by the central and provincial governments to financially constrained regions.

按照分級負擔的原則合理劃分中央和地方各級政府衛生投入責任。地方政府承擔主要責任，中央政府主要對國家免疫規劃、跨地區的重大傳染疾病預防控制等公共衛生、城鄉居民的基本醫療保障以及有關公立醫療衛生機構建設等給予補助。加大中央、省級財政對困難地區的專項轉移支付力度。

Efforts should be made to improve the mechanism of government investment in public health. Regarding specialized public health service institutions, the funding for their staff, development, construction and operations shall be appropriated in full amount by the government, and the legitimate service income of the said institutions shall be turned over to be kept in a special fiscal account or integrated into budget management. Gradually increase the average per capita public health funding, and complete a secured mechanism for public health service funding.

完善政府對公共衛生的投入機制。專業公共衛生服務機構的人員經費、發展建設和業務經費由政府全額安排，按照規定取得的服務收入上繳財政專戶或納入預算管理。逐步提高人均公共衛生經費，健全公共衛生服務經費保障機制。

Efforts should be made to improve the mechanism for government investment in urban and rural grass-roots health care institutions. The government takes the responsibility of providing funding for the basic construction, equipment purchasing and staffing for the government-sponsored township health centers, urban community health centers (stations), as well as the operational funds for offering public health services so that the said institutions can fully function. As to all the township health centers and urban community health service institutions sponsored by various non-public sponsors, local authorities may set due government subsidies through ways such as purchasing services and etc. Efforts should be made to support the construction of village clinics, and grant reasonable subsidies to rural doctors who take the responsibility of fulfilling such tasks as public health services and etc.

完善政府對城鄉基層醫療衛生機構的投入機制。政府負責其舉辦的鄉鎮衛生院、城市社區衛生服務中心（站）按國家規定核定的基本建設經費、設備購置經費、人員經費和其承擔公共衛生服務的業務經費，使其正常運行。對包括社會力量舉辦的所有鄉鎮衛生院和城市社區衛生服務機構，各地都可采取購買服務等方式核定政府補助。支持村衛生室建設，對鄉村醫生承擔的公共衛生服務等任務給予合理補助。

Efforts should be made to implement the policy of granting government subsidies to public hospitals. Gradually increase the government investment, which shall be mainly used for basic construction and equipment procurement, development of key subjects, funds for retirees in conformity with the state regulations concerned, and subsidies for policy-related losses, and be also used for granting special subsidies to government-sponsored tasks, such as public health services, etc. All these shall aim to a well-regulated and sound mechanism of government investment in public hospitals. In terms of investment policies, preference shall be given to TCM hospitals (including ethnic minority hospitals), gynecology and obstetrics hospitals, children’s hospitals, and hospitals specialized in prevention and treatment of communicable diseases, mental disorders, occupational diseases, and etc. Efforts should be made to strictly control the construction scope, standards and loan-taking of public hospitals.

落實公立醫院政府補助政策。逐步加大政府投入，主要用于基本建設和設備購置、扶持重點學科發展、符合國家規定的離退休人員費用和補貼政策性虧損等，對承擔的公共衛生服務等任務給予專項補助，形成規范合理的公立醫院政府投入機制。對中醫院（民族醫院）、傳染病院、精神病院、職業病防治院、婦產醫院和兒童醫院等在投入政策上予以傾斜。嚴格控制公立醫院建設規模、標準和貸款行為。

Efforts should be made to improve the mechanism of government investment in the basic medical security. The government shall appropriate necessary funds to support the development and improvement of the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme, urban residents’ basic medical insurance, urban employees’ basic medical insurance as well as urban and rural medical assistance system; guarantee normal funding of the relevant institutions handling the above tasks.

完善政府對基本醫療保障的投入機制。政府提供必要的資金支持新型農村合作醫療、城鎮居民基本醫療保險、城鎮職工基本醫療保險和城鄉醫療救助制度的建立和完善。保證相關經辦機構正常經費。

Efforts should be made to encourage and guide social capital to sponsor health care undertakings. Actively promote the development of non-public health care institutions, and form a health care system with multiple categories of investors and diversified investment modes. Waste no time in working out and complete relevant policies and regulations, regulate the access conditions of social capital, including overseas capital, for sponsoring health care institutions, and complete sector-wide administration policies featuring fairness and justice. Encourage social capital to sponsor non-profit health care institutions in accordance with the law. The government shall work out guiding opinions on the system reform of public hospitals, and actively guide social capital to participate in the system reform and reorganization of some public hospitals, including the hospitals sponsored by state-owned enterprises. Steadily launch pilot projects in the system reform of public hospitals, appropriately reduce the proportion of public health care institutions, and form the configuration of public hospitals and non-public hospitals featuring mutual promotion and common development. Support the qualified personnel to start business in accordance with the law and provide people with convenient access to health care services. Improve the classified administration policy and preferential taxation policy for health care institutions. Strengthen, in accordance with the law, the regulation on the health care services sponsored by non-public investors.

鼓勵和引導社會資本發展醫療衛生事業。積極促進非公立醫療衛生機構發展，形成投資主體多元化、投資方式多樣化的辦醫體制。抓緊制定和完善有關政策法規，規范社會資本包括境外資本辦醫療機構的準入條件，完善公平公正的行業管理政策。鼓勵社會資本依法興辦非營利性醫療機構。國家制定公立醫院改制的指導性意見，積極引導社會資本以多種方式參與包括國有企業所辦醫院在內的部分公立醫院改制重組。穩步推進公立醫院改制的試點，適度降低公立醫療機構比重，形成公立醫院與非公立醫院相互促進、共同發展的格局。支持有資質人員依法開業，方便群眾就醫。完善醫療機構分類管理政策和稅收優惠政策。依法加強對社會力量辦醫的監管。

Efforts should be made to energetically develop medical charity undertakings. Work out relevant preferential policies to encourage non-public entities to sponsor charity health care institutions, or make charity donations to medical assistance and health care institutions, and etc.

大力發展醫療慈善事業。制定相關優惠政策，鼓勵社會力量興辦慈善醫療機構，或向醫療救助、醫療機構等慈善捐贈。

(xi) Establishing a sound health care pricing system

（十一）建立科學合理的醫藥價格形成機制。

Efforts should be made to regulate the management on health care service pricing. As to the basic health care services provided by non-profit health care institutions, the government-guided pricing shall be used, and the other services shall be priced independently by health care institutions. The central government shall take the responsibility of formulating pricing policies, items, pricing principles and methods for health care services; the provincial or municipal competent pricing departments shall verify, in conjunction with the health, human resources and social security departments, government-guided prices for basic health care services. The basic health care services shall be priced by deducting the service cost subsidized by government funding, so as to embody the reasonable cost and technical value of health care services. The services provided by health care institutions and doctors at different levels shall be priced at different grades. Efforts should be made to regulate the pricing items and standards of public health care institutions, and explore the reform on charging methods such as Diagnoses-Related Groups Payment; establish the system for price surveillance on medical device, supervision on and auditing of the service cost of medical examination and treatment and their regular pricing adjustment.

規范醫療服務價格管理。對非營利性醫療機構提供的基本醫療服務，實行政府指導價，其余由醫療機構自主定價。中央政府負責制定醫療服務價格政策及項目、定價原則及方法；省或市級價格主管部門會同衛生、人力資源社會保障部門核定基本醫療服務指導價格。基本醫療服務價格按照扣除財政補助的服務成本制定，體現醫療服務合理成本和技術勞務價值。不同級別的醫療機構和醫生提供的服務，實行分級定價。規范公立醫療機構收費項目和標準，研究探索按病種收費等收費方式改革。建立醫用設備儀器價格監測、檢查治療服務成本監審及其價格定期調整制度。

Efforts should be made to reform the drug pricing mechanism. Rationally adjust the government pricing scope, improve the pricing methods, increase transparency, encourage enterprises to be engaged in independent innovations with the price leverage, and promote the production and utilization of national essential medicines. Gradually implement the pre-pricing economic evaluation system for new and patent drugs. Implement the low price system for generic drugs when it enters the market, so as to curb the low-level repeated construction. Strictly control the price difference ratio in pharmaceutical circulation. Carry out pilot projects, such as differentiated price markup on drugs sold in hospitals, prescription service fees and etc. to guide hospitals on rational medication. Strengthen the price control and management on medical consumables and the medical appliances used for implantation (intervention) during the circulation and utilization. Optimize the medical pricing surveillance system, and regulate independent pricing behavior of hospitals.

改革藥品價格形成機制。合理調整政府定價范圍，改進定價方法，提高透明度，利用價格杠桿鼓勵企業自主創新，促進國家基本藥物的生產和使用。對新藥和專利藥品逐步實行定價前藥物經濟性評價制度。對仿制藥品實行后上市價格從低定價制度，抑制低水平重復建設。嚴格控制藥品流通環節差價率。對醫院銷售藥品開展差別加價、收取藥事服務費等試點，引導醫院合理用藥。加強醫用耗材及植（介）入類醫療器械流通和使用環節價格的控制和管理。健全醫藥價格監測體系，規范企業自主定價行為。

Efforts should be made to actively explore and build the negotiation mechanism for medical insurance handling institutions, health care institutions and pharmaceutical suppliers, and bring into full play the restraining role of medical security over health care services and pharmaceutical expenditures.

積極探索建立醫療保險經辦機構與醫療機構、藥品供應商的談判機制，發揮醫療保障對醫療服務和藥品費用的制約作用。

(xii) Establishing a rigorous and effective health care regulatory system

（十二）建立嚴格有效的醫藥衛生監管體制。

Efforts should be made to reinforce the regulation on the health care system. Complete the health supervision and enforcement system, and enhance the capacity building of urban and rural health supervision institutions. Strengthen the regulation on health care service behavior and quality, improve the health care service standards and quality evaluation system, regulate the management system and work flows, quicken the formulation of the treatment protocols, and complete the health care service quality surveillance networks. Strengthen the regulation on the admittance and operation of health care institutions. Strengthen public health regulations, including drinking water safety, occupational hazards prevention, food security, medical waste disposal, etc. and rigorously crack down, in accordance with the law, the law-breaking behavior that jeopardizes the health and life safety of the people.

強化醫療衛生監管。健全衛生監督執法體系，加強城鄉衛生監督機構能力建設。強化醫療衛生服務行為和質量監管，完善醫療衛生服務標準和質量評價體系，規范管理制度和工作流程，加快制定統一的疾病診療規范，健全醫療衛生服務質量監測網絡。加強醫療衛生機構的準入和運行監管。加強對生活飲用水安全、職業危害防治、食品安全、醫療廢棄物處置等社會公共衛生的監管。依法嚴厲打擊各種危害人民群眾身體健康和生命安全的違法行為。

Efforts should be made to improve medical security regulation. Strengthen the regulation on medical insurance handling, fund management and use, etc., establish the mechanism for effective utilization of medical insurance funds and risk prevention. Strengthen the monitoring role of medical security on health care services, improve payment system, actively explore the payment methods such as capitation, Diagnoses-Related Groups as well as prepayment of total amount, etc., and establish an effective restraining mechanism that lays equal stress on incentives and penalty. Strengthen the regulation on commercial health insurance and promote sound development.

完善醫療保障監管。加強對醫療保險經辦、基金管理和使用等環節的監管，建立醫療保險基金有效使用和風險防范機制。強化醫療保障對醫療服務的監控作用，完善支付制度，積極探索實行按人頭付費、按病種付費、總額預付等方式，建立激勵與懲戒并重的有效約束機制。加強商業健康保險監管，促進規范發展。

Efforts should be made to strengthen pharmaceutical regulation. Strengthen government regulation responsibility, improve the regulation system, and implement strict regulation on pharmaceutical research, production, circulation, utilization, pricing and advertisement. Implement regulated quality management of pharmaceutical production, and strengthen the regulation on the production of high-risk items. Strictly implement the regulations on pharmaceutical business operation and management, explore and put in place categorized and graded licensing for the administration of pharmaceutical operation, and reinforce the supervision and sampling inspection on key categories of drugs. Establish the rural drug supervision networks. Strengthen government regulation on drug pricing, and effectively inhibit bubble prices. Regulate the clinical utilization of drugs, and bring into full play certified pharmacists’ guidance on the rational medication and pharmaceutical quality management.

加強藥品監管。強化政府監管責任，完善監管體系建設，嚴格藥品研究、生產、流通、使用、價格和廣告的監管。落實藥品生產質量管理規范，加強對高風險品種生產的監管。嚴格實施藥品經營管理規范，探索建立藥品經營許可分類、分級的管理模式，加大重點品種的監督抽驗力度。建立農村藥品監督網。加強政府對藥品價格的監管，有效抑制虛高定價。規范藥品臨床使用，發揮執業藥師指導合理用藥與藥品質量管理方面的作用。

Efforts should be made to establish the regulation system featuring open information and multiple-stakeholder participation. Encourage social organizations, such as trade unions and individuals to exercise independent appraisal and supervision on the performance of the competent government departments, health care institutions and the relevant systems. And strengthen self-discipline in the sector.

建立信息公開、社會多方參與的監管制度。鼓勵行業協會等社會組織和個人對政府部門、醫藥機構和相關體系的運行績效進行獨立評價和監督。加強行業自律。

(xiii) Establishing a sustainable development mechanism for scientific and technological innovation and a secured mechanism for professional talents in the health sector

（十三）建立可持續發展的醫藥衛生科技創新機制和人才保障機制。

Efforts should be made to promote the scientific and technological progress of health care services. Treat health care technological innovation as a priority of national scientific and technological progress, strive to tackle difficult health care issues, and provide technological safeguard for the health of the people. Increase investment in medical research, deepen the health care system reform, integrate advantageous medical research resources, quicken the implementation of key projects of medical science and technology, encourage independent innovation, reinforce the research on prevention and treatment technology of major diseases and key technology of new medicine, and strive to make new breakthroughs in basic and applied medical research, hi-tech research, research on TCM, integration of TCM and western medicine, etc. Develop and produce medical appliances conforming to China’s national conditions. And extensively carry out international cooperation and exchanges on health science and technology.

推進醫藥衛生科技進步。把醫藥衛生科技創新作為國家科技發展的重點，努力攻克醫藥科技難關，為人民群眾健康提供技術保障。加大醫學科研投入，深化醫藥衛生科技體制和機構改革，整合優勢醫學科研資源，加快實施醫藥科技重大專項，鼓勵自主創新，加強對重大疾病防治技術和新藥研制關鍵技術等的研究，在醫學基礎和應用研究、高技術研究、中醫和中西醫結合研究等方面力求新的突破。開發生產適合我國國情的醫療器械。廣泛開展國際衛生科技合作交流。

Efforts should be made to reinforce the development of professional health care talents. Work out and implement the development program for professionals, emphatically strengthen the training and cultivation of health care professionals and paramedic personnel in fields such as public health, rural health, urban community health, etc. Formulate preferential policies, encourage outstanding health talents to provide their services in rural areas, urban communities and the mid-western regions. Those health professionals, who have worked for a long period of time in urban and rural grass-roots health care institutions, shall be rendered appropriate preferential policies in terms of professional title promotion, professional training, compensation policy, etc. Complete the qualification system for general practitioners, complete the on-the-job training system for the health professionals working in both rural areas and urban communities, encourage the said personnel to receive academic education, promote the professional standardization for rural doctors, and realize as soon as possible the goal that all the grass-roots health care institutions are staffed with qualified general practitioners. Reinforce the development of high-level professionals in research, medical treatment, health management, etc. Establish the standardized training system for resident physicians, and intensify continued medical education. Reinforce the development of paramedic professionals, and gradually resolve the existing problem of the low proportion of paramedic personnel. Cultivate TCM professionals and expand the team. Steadily promote the rational flow of health care professionals, facilitate diversified ways of talent exchange among different health care institutions, and explore the feasibility of multiple-site practice of certified practitioners. Regulate the qualifications for hospital managerial personnel, and gradually form a professional and specialized managerial team for health care institutions.

加強醫藥衛生人才隊伍建設。制定和實施人才隊伍建設規劃，重點加強公共衛生、農村衛生、城市社區衛生專業技術人員和護理人員的培養培訓。制定優惠政策，鼓勵優秀衛生人才到農村、城市社區和中西部地區服務。對長期在城鄉基層工作的衛生技術人員在職稱晉升、業務培訓、待遇政策等方面給予適當傾斜。完善全科醫師任職資格制度，健全農村和城市社區衛生人員在崗培訓制度，鼓勵參加學歷教育，促進鄉村醫生執業規范化，盡快實現基層醫療衛生機構都有合格的全科醫生。加強高層次科研、醫療、衛生管理等人才隊伍建設。建立住院醫師規范化培訓制度，強化繼續醫學教育。加強護理隊伍建設，逐步解決護理人員比例過低的問題。培育壯大中醫藥人才隊伍。穩步推動醫務人員的合理流動，促進不同醫療機構之間人才的縱向和橫向交流，研究探索注冊醫師多點執業。規范醫院管理者的任職條件，逐步形成一支職業化、專業化的醫療機構管理隊伍。

Efforts should be made to readjust the structure and scale of higher medical education. Strengthen education on general medicine, improve standardized and regulated clinical medical education, and enhance the quality of medical education. Increase investment in medical education, intensively develop undergraduate and non-degree medical college education, which should be geared to the needs of rural areas and urban communities, adopt diversified methods such as targeted free training to cultivate health care professionals for poverty-stricken rural areas, and foster a large number of qualified medical practitioners who are devoted to rural areas and ready to serve farmers.

調整高等醫學教育結構和規模。加強全科醫學教育，完善標準化、規范化的臨床醫學教育，提高醫學教育質量。加大醫學教育投入，大力發展面向農村、社區的高等醫學本專科教育，采取定向免費培養等多種方式，為貧困地區農村培養實用的醫療衛生人才，造就大批扎根農村、服務農民的合格醫生。

Efforts should be made to build sound and harmonious relations between health care workers and patients. Strengthen medical ethics, pay adequate attention to the humanitarian quality cultivation and professional caliber education of the health care workers, vigorously carry forward the spirit of “healing the wounded and rescuing the dying”. Optimize the work surroundings and conditions, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of health care workers, and arouse their enthusiasm to better services and improve efficiency. Improve the medical practice insurance, carry out medical social work, complete the mechanism for handling medical disputes, and enhance the communications between practitioners and patients. Foster in the entire society a good atmosphere of respecting medical science, health care workers as well as patients.

構建健康和諧的醫患關系。加強醫德醫風建設，重視醫務人員人文素養培養和職業素質教育，大力弘揚救死扶傷精神。優化醫務人員執業環境和條件，保護醫務人員的合法權益，調動醫務人員改善服務和提高效率的積極性。完善醫療執業保險，開展醫務社會工作，完善醫療糾紛處理機制，增進醫患溝通。在全社會形成尊重醫學科學、尊重醫療衛生工作者、尊重患者的良好風氣。

(xiv) Establishing practical and shared health care information system

（十四）建立實用共享的醫藥衛生信息系統。

Efforts should be made to energetically promote health care informatization. Focusing on promoting the informatization of public health, health care services, medical insurance, drugs, financial regulation, etc., efforts should be made to integrate resources, strengthen the construction of information standardization and public service information platform, and gradually realize unified standards, high efficiency and interrelated communications.

大力推進醫藥衛生信息化建設。以推進公共衛生、醫療、醫保、藥品、財務監管信息化建設為著力點，整合資源，加強信息標準化和公共服務信息平臺建設，逐步實現統一高效、互聯互通。

Efforts should be made to accelerate the construction of health care information system. Improve the public health information system with the disease control network as the mainstay, and enhance the capacity for forecast, early warning, analysis and reporting; take creating resident health archives as the priority, construct the rural and community information network platform; take hospital management and electronic medical record as the priority, promote hospital informatization; take advantage of the network information technology to promote the cooperation between urban hospitals and community health service institutions. Vigorously develop the remote health care services geared to the needs of rural areas and remote and border regions.

加快醫療衛生信息系統建設。完善以疾病控制網絡為主體的公共衛生信息系統，提高預測預警和分析報告能力；以建立居民健康檔案為重點，構建鄉村和社區衛生信息網絡平臺；以醫院管理和電子病歷為重點，推進醫院信息化建設；利用網絡信息技術，促進城市醫院與社區衛生服務機構的合作。積極發展面向農村及邊遠地區的遠程醫療。

Efforts should be made to establish and improve medical security information system. Speed up the construction of the multi-functional medical security information system, including fund management, expenses settlement and control, medical behavior management and supervision, management services of employers and individuals participating in insurance programs, etc. Strengthen the information system construction of urban employee’s basic medical insurance, urban residents’ basic medical insurance, New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme and medical assistance system, and realize its connection with the information system of medical institutions, actively promote the “All-in-One Card” (a multi-purpose card), etc. to facilitate insurance (cooperative scheme) participants to receive medical services, and increase the transparency of medical services.

建立和完善醫療保障信息系統。加快基金管理、費用結算與控制、醫療行為管理與監督、參保單位和個人管理服務等具有復合功能的醫療保障信息系統建設。加強城鎮職工基本醫療保險、城鎮居民基本醫療保險、新型農村合作醫療和醫療救助信息系統建設，實現與醫療機構信息系統的對接，積極推廣“一卡通”等辦法，方便參保（合）人員就醫，增加醫療服務的透明度。

Efforts should be made to establish and improve the three-tier (state, province and municipality) information network of drug regulation, drug testing and drug adverse reaction surveillance. And establish the information system of supply and demand of essential medicines.

建立和完善國家、省、市三級藥品監管、藥品檢驗檢測、藥品不良反應監測信息網絡。建立基本藥物供求信息系統。

(xv) Establishing and improving health care legal system

（十五）建立健全醫藥衛生法律制度。

Efforts should be made to improve the health legislation. Quicken the promotion of the basic health care legislation, specify the rights and obligations of government, society and residents in terms of enhancing health to ensure that everyone is entitled to the basic health care services. Establish and improve health standard system, properly deal with the connection and coordination of relevant laws and regulations, and gradually establish and improve a comparatively complete health legal system in line with the basic medical and health care system.

完善衛生法律法規。加快推進基本醫療衛生立法，明確政府、社會和居民在促進健康方面的權利和義務，保障人人享有基本醫療衛生服務。建立健全衛生標準體系，做好相關法律法規的銜接與協調。加快中醫藥立法工作。完善藥品監管法律法規。逐步建立健全與基本醫療衛生制度相適應、比較完整的衛生法律制度。

Efforts should be made to promote government administration in accordance with the law. Exercise rigorous and regulated law enforcement, earnestly improve the capacity of the governments at various levels to develop and manage health care undertakings through legal means. Make greater efforts in the popularization of the health care law, and strive to create a legal environment that is conducive to the health of the people.

推進依法行政。嚴格、規范執法，切實提高各級政府運用法律手段發展和管理醫藥衛生事業的能力。加強醫藥衛生普法工作，努力創造有利于人民群眾健康的法治環境。

V. Concentrating on five key reform projects and striving to achieve remarkable results in the near future

?五、著力抓好五項重點改革，力爭近期取得明顯成效

In order to achieve results of the reform at an earlier date, efforts should be made to implement the commonweal nature of health care services, concentrate on ensuring the people’s basic needs of seeking health care services, and in light of the requirements that the people enjoy real benefits, health care workers be encouraged and regulators can easily understand the contents of the reform, strength shall be exerted on the following five key reform projects from 2009 - 2011.

為使改革盡快取得成效，落實醫療衛生服務的公益性質，著力保障廣大群眾看病就醫的基本需求，按照讓群眾得到實惠，讓醫務人員受到鼓舞，讓監管人員易于掌握的要求，２００９－２０１１年著力抓好五項重點改革。

(xvi) Accelerating the construction of the basic medical security system

（十六）加快推進基本醫療保障制度建設。

The basic medical security system shall completely cover urban and rural residents, and within three years, the insurance (cooperative scheme) participation rate of urban employees’ basic medical insurance, urban residents’ basic medical insurance and New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme shall all reach over 90%; and the urban and rural medical assistance system shall cover all the economically constrained households across the country. Giving priority to improving the benefit level of insurance for in-patient treatment and major diseases treated at clinics, efforts should be made to gradually enhance the fund-raising and medical security level, and by 2010, the threshold of subsidy granted by the government at various levels shall be increased to 120 Yuan per person per annum for both urban residents’ basic medical insurance and New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme. Regarding the basic medical insurance, efforts should be made to properly conduct the credential transfer and connection and the settlement services for receiving health care services from allopatry; improve medical security management system and mechanism and effectively alleviate the burden of medical expenses on urban and rural individuals.

基本醫療保障制度全面覆蓋城鄉居民，３年內城鎮職工基本醫療保險、城鎮居民基本醫療保險和新型農村合作醫療參保（合）率均達到９０％以上；城鄉醫療救助制度覆蓋到全國所有困難家庭。以提高住院和門診大病保障為重點，逐步提高籌資和保障水平，２０１０年各級財政對城鎮居民基本醫療保險和新型農村合作醫療的補助標準提高到每人每年１２０元。做好醫療保險關系轉移接續和異地就醫結算服務。完善醫療保障管理體制機制。有效減輕城鄉居民個人醫藥費用負擔。

(xvii) Preliminarily establishing a national essential medicines system

（十七）初步建立國家基本藥物制度。

Efforts should be made to establish a relatively complete system for the selection, production and supply, use and reimbursement of essential medicines through medical insurance. In 2009, the national essential medicines list shall be released, the procurement and distribution of essential medicines regulated and the prices of the essential medicines rationally determined. From 2009, the essential medicines shall be supplied to all the government-sponsored grass-roots health care institutions for medication, other health care institutions shall also use the essential medicines as required, and all the retail pharmacies shall be supplied with the essential medicines for sale. Efforts should be made to improve the medical insurance and reimbursement policies concerning the essential medicines; ensure the availability, safety and effectiveness of the essential medicines for the people, and alleviate the burden of the essential medicines expenses on the people.

建立比較完整的基本藥物遴選、生產供應、使用和醫療保險報銷的體系。２００９年，公布國家基本藥物目錄；規范基本藥物采購和配送；合理確定基本藥物的價格。從２００９年起，政府舉辦的基層醫療衛生機構全部配備和使用基本藥物，其他各類醫療機構也都必須按規定使用基本藥物，所有零售藥店均應配備和銷售基本藥物；完善基本藥物的醫保報銷政策。保證群眾基本用藥的可及性、安全性和有效性，減輕群眾基本用藥費用負擔。

(xviii) Improving the grass-roots health care services system

（十八）健全基層醫療衛生服務體系。

Efforts should be made to accelerate the construction of the three-tier rural health care services network and urban community health service institutions, bring into full play of the leading role of county-level hospitals, and build a relatively complete grass-roots health care services system in three years. Efforts should be made to cultivate and train grass-roots health care professionals, particularly general practitioners, and concentrate on improving the level and quality of grass-roots health care institutions; transform the operational mechanism and service modes of grass-roots health care institutions, and improve the compensation mechanism; gradually establish the system of graded diagnoses and treatment and for dual referral, so as to provide the people with convenient, fast and low-cost basic health care services.

加快農村三級醫療衛生服務網絡和城市社區衛生服務機構建設，發揮縣級醫院的龍頭作用，用３年時間建成比較完善的基層醫療衛生服務體系。加強基層醫療衛生人才隊伍建設，特別是全科醫生的培養培訓，著力提高基層醫療衛生機構服務水平和質量。轉變基層醫療衛生機構運行機制和服務模式，完善補償機制。逐步建立分級診療和雙向轉診制度，為群眾提供便捷、低成本的基本醫療衛生服務。

(xix) Promoting the progressive equalization of the basic public health services

（十九）促進基本公共衛生服務逐步均等化。

The state shall work out the basic public health service items, and from 2009, gradually provide urban and rural residents with the basic public health services, including disease prevention and control, maternal and child care, health education, etc. Efforts should be made to implement national major public health service programs, effectively prevent and control major diseases as well as their hazardous elements, and further improve the capacity of tackling major public health emergencies. Improve urban and rural public health service system and optimize funds provision mechanism for public health services, so that by 2009, the standard average per capita funding for the basic public health services shall be no less than 15 Yuan, and no less than 20 Yuan by 2011. Strengthen performance appraisal, and improve the service efficiency and quality, gradually narrow the gap in the basic public health services between urban and rural residents, and strive to ensure that the people shall contract as few diseases as possible.

國家制定基本公共衛生服務項目，從２００９年起，逐步向城鄉居民統一提供疾病預防控制、婦幼保健、健康教育等基本公共衛生服務。實施國家重大公共衛生服務項目，有效預防控制重大疾病及其危險因素，進一步提高突發重大公共衛生事件處置能力。健全城鄉公共衛生服務體系，完善公共衛生服務經費保障機制，２００９年人均基本公共衛生服務經費標準不低于１５元，到２０１１年不低于２０元。加強績效考核，提高服務效率和質量。逐步縮小城鄉居民基本公共衛生服務差距，力爭讓群眾少生病。

(xx) Promoting the pilot reform on public hospitals

（二十）推進公立醫院改革試點。

Efforts should be made to reform the management system as well as operational and regulatory mechanisms of public hospitals, and actively explore the effective forms of separating the functions of government agencies and public institutions, separating government administration and business operation. Improve the structure of hospital corporate governance. Promote the reform on the compensation mechanism of public hospitals, increase government investment, and improve the financial compensation policy for public hospitals so that the problem of “compensating the medical cost with drug sale” can be gradually resolved. Accelerate the formation of a multi-sponsored configuration for running health care institutions, and encourage non-public investors to invest in not-for-profit hospitals. Intensively reform the internal management of public hospitals, optimize service flows, regulate diagnoses and treatment behaviors, arouse the enthusiasm of health care workers, enhance service quality and efficiency, markedly shorten patients’ waiting time, and achieve the mutual recognition of the testing and inspecting results by different hospitals of the same level. Strive to facilitate the people to receive proper health care services.

改革公立醫院管理體制、運行機制和監管機制，積極探索政事分開、管辦分開的有效形式。完善醫院法人治理結構。推進公立醫院補償機制改革，加大政府投入，完善公立醫院經濟補償政策，逐步解決“以藥補醫”問題。加快形成多元化辦醫格局，鼓勵民營資本舉辦非營利性醫院。大力改進公立醫院內部管理，優化服務流程，規范診療行為，調動醫務人員的積極性，提高服務質量和效率，明顯縮短病人等候時間，實現同級醫療機構檢查結果互認，努力讓群眾看好病。

VI. Actively and steadily promoting the health care system reform

?六、積極穩妥推進醫藥衛生體制改革

(xxi) Raising awareness and strengthening leadership

（二十一）提高認識，加強領導。

Party committees and governments at various levels shall fully understand the importance, urgency and arduousness of deepening the health care system reform, raise awareness, proceed with confidence, earnestly reinforce organization and leadership, put people’s access to health care services high on the agenda as one priority of improving people’s livelihood and expanding domestic demand, make clear division of work, and fulfill the public health care responsibilities of the government. The State Council shall form a leading group in charge of deepening the health care system reform, and organize the implementation of deepening the health care system reform in a coordinated way. The departments concerned under the State Council shall conscientiously fulfill their duties and responsibilities, closely cooperate with each other, form a concerted force and strengthen supervision and evaluation. In light of the requirements of this document and its Implementation Plan, the various local governments shall, based on their actual conditions, work out the concrete implementation plans and effective measures, carry out intensive organization work, promote the reform driving in an orderly way, and ensure that the reform results shall benefit the entire population.

各級黨委和政府要充分認識深化醫藥衛生體制改革的重要性、緊迫性和艱巨性，提高認識、堅定信心，切實加強組織領導，把解決群眾看病就醫問題作為改善民生、擴大內需的重點擺上重要議事日程，明確任務分工，落實政府的公共醫療衛生責任。成立國務院深化醫藥衛生體制改革領導小組，統籌組織實施深化醫藥衛生體制改革。國務院有關部門要認真履行職責，密切配合，形成合力，加強監督考核。地方政府要按照本意見和實施方案的要求，因地制宜制定具體實施方案和有效措施，精心組織，有序推進改革進程，確保改革成果惠及全體人民群眾。

(xxii) Prioritizing key issues and conducting step-by-step implementation

（二十二）突出重點，分步實施。

It is a long-term task to establish the basic health care system covering urban and rural residents, so we should adhere to the combination of long-term and short-term prospective. Proceed from the basis and grass-roots level, with the recent reform projects focusing on the five key areas, including the basic medical security system, national essential medicines system, grass-roots health care service system, equalization of the basic public health service and pilot reform projects of public hospitals. We should lose no time in formulating the operation documents and specific plans to further deepen and elaborate the policy measures, specify the implementation steps, properly conduct coordination and conjunction, and promote the various reforms in a balanced way.

建立覆蓋城鄉居民的基本醫療衛生制度是一項長期任務，要堅持遠近結合，從基礎和基層起步，近期重點抓好基本醫療保障制度、國家基本藥物制度、基層醫療衛生服務體系、基本公共衛生服務均等化和公立醫院改革試點五項改革。要抓緊制定操作性文件和具體方案，進一步深化、細化政策措施，明確實施步驟，做好配套銜接，協調推進各項改革。

(xxiii) Launching pilot projects with gradual dissemination

（二十三）先行試點，逐步推開。

As the health care reform involves broad aspects, complex situations and strong policy-orientation, for some major reforms, we must experiment with pilot projects. The State Council Leading Group of Deepening the Health Care System Reform is in charge of formulating the principles and policy framework for pilot programs, conducting coordination on the basis of overall planning, and guiding the work of the various pilot sites. Each province (autonomous region and municipality) shall formulate the specific pilot programs and organize the implementation. Different local governments are encouraged to carry out diversified pilot projects on the basis of their actual conditions, and actively explore the effective channels of implementation. The experience shall be summarized on a timely basis, and gradually disseminated to other areas.

醫藥衛生體制改革涉及面廣、情況復雜、政策性強，一些重大改革要先行試點。國務院深化醫藥衛生體制改革領導小組負責制定試點原則和政策框架，統籌協調、指導各地試點工作。各省區市制定具體試點方案并組織實施。鼓勵地方結合當地實際，開展多種形式的試點，積極探索有效的實現途徑，并及時總結經驗，逐步推開。

(xxiv) Strengthening publicity and correctly guiding public opinion

（二十四）加強宣傳，正確引導。

It requires the understanding, support and participation from all social sectors and the people to deepen the health care system reform. We shall stick to a correct orientation of public opinion, disseminate far and wide the great significance and major policy measures of the reform, actively guide the social expectancy, reinforce the people’s confidence, so that the reform, which shall benefit the people, can find its way deep into the people’s heart and create a sound public opinion environment for deepening the reform.

深化醫藥衛生體制改革需要社會各界和廣大群眾的理解、支持和參與。要堅持正確的輿論導向，廣泛宣傳改革的重大意義和主要政策措施，積極引導社會預期，增強群眾信心，使這項惠及廣大人民群眾的重大改革深入人心，為深化改革營造良好的輿論環境。

意見英文(6)

最近在審一篇英文稿，第一次做這個工作，還有點不知如何表達。幸虧遇上我的處女審稿，我想不會槍斃它的，給他一個major revision后接收吧。呵呵
網上找來一些零碎的資料參考參考。
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
1、目標和結果不清晰。
It is noted that your manuscript needs careful editing by someone with expertise in technical English editing paying particular attention to English grammar, spelling, and sentence structure so that the goals and results of the study are clear to the reader.
2、未解釋研究方法或解釋不充分。
In general, there is a lack of explanation of replicates and statistical methods used in the study.
Furthermore, an explanation of why the authors did these various experiments should be provided.
3、對于研究設計的rationale:
Also, there are few explanations of the rationale for the study design.

4、夸張地陳述結論/夸大成果/不嚴謹：
The conclusions are overstated. For example, the study did not show
if the side effects from initial copper burst can be avoid with the polymer formulation.

5、對hypothesis的清晰界定：
A hypothesis needs to be presented。

6、對某個概念或工具使用的rationale/定義概念：
What was the rationale for the film/SBF volume ratio?

7、對研究問題的定義：
Try to set the problem discussed in this paper in more clear,
write one section to define the problem

8、如何凸現原創性以及如何充分地寫literature review:
The topic is novel but the application proposed is not so novel.

9、對claim,如A＞B的證明，verification:
There is no experimental comparison of the algorithm with previously known work, so it is impossible to judge whether the algorithm is an improvement on previous work.

10、嚴謹度問題：
MNQ is easier than the primitive PNQS, how to prove that.

11、格式（重視程度）：
In addition, the list of references is not in our style. It is close but not completely correct. I have attached a pdf file with "Instructions for Authors" which shows examples.
Before submitting a revision be sure that your material is properly prepared and formatted. If you are unsure, please consult the formatting nstructions to authors that are given under the "Instructions and Forms" button in he upper right-hand corner of the screen.

12、語言問題（出現最多的問題）：
有關語言的審稿人意見：
It is noted that your manuscript needs careful editing by someone with expertise in technical English editing paying particular attention to English grammar, spelling, and sentence structure so that the goals and results of the study are clear to the reader.

As presented, the writing is not acceptable for the journal. There are problems with sentence structure, verb tense, and clause construction.

The English of your manuscript must be improved before resubmission. We strongly suggest that you obtain assistance from a colleague who is well-versed in English or whose native language is English.

Please have someone competent in the English language and the subject matter of your paper go over the paper and correct it ?

the quality of English needs improving.

作為審稿人，本不應該把編輯部的這些信息公開（冒風險啊），
但我覺得有些意見值得廣大投稿人注意，
就貼出來吧，當然，有關審稿人的名字，Email，文章題名信息等就都刪除了，
以免造成不必要的麻煩！

希望朋友們多評價，其他有經驗的審稿人能常來指點大家！

國人一篇文章投Mater.類知名國際雜志，
被塞爾維亞一審稿人打25分！
個人認為文章還是有一些創新的，
所以作為審稿人我就給了66分，（這個分正常應該足以發表），提了一些修改意見，望作者修改后發表！
登錄到編輯部網頁一看，一個文章竟然有六個審稿人，
詳細看了下打的分數，60分大修，60分小修，66分（我），25分拒，（好家伙，竟然打25分，有魄力），拒但沒有打分（另一國人審），最后一個沒有回來！

兩個拒的是需要我們反思和學習的！
（括號斜體內容為我注解）

Reviewer 4

Reviewer Recommendation Term: Reject
Overall Reviewer Manuscript Rating: 25
Comments to Editor: Reviewers are required to enter their name, affiliation and e-mail address below. Please note this is for administrative purposes and will not be seen by the author.

Title (Prof./Dr./Mr./Mrs.): Prof.
Name: XXX
Affiliation: XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXx
Manuscript entitled "Synthesis XXX。。。。。。。。。。。" it has been synthesized with a number of different methods and in a variety of forms. This manuscript does not bring any new knowledge or data on materials property and therefore only contribution may be in novel preparation method, still this point is not elaborated properly (see Remark 1). Presentation and writing is rather poor; there are several statements not supported with data (for some see Remarks 2) and even some flaws (see Remark 3). For these reasons I suggest to reject paper in the present form.
1. The paper describes a new method for preparation of XXXX, but:
- the new method has to be compared with other methods for preparation of XXXXpowders (INTRODUCTION - literature data, RESULTS AND DISCUSSION - discussion),（通常的寫作格式，審稿人實際上很在意的）
- it has to be described why this method is better or different from other methods, (INTRODUCTION - literature data, RESULTS AND DISCUSSION - discussion),
- it has to be added in the manuscript what kind of XXXXXX by other methods compared to this novel one (INTRODUCTION - literature data, RESULTS AND DISCUSSION - discussion),
- it has to be outlined what is the benefit of this method (ABSTRACT, RESULTS AND DISCUSSION, CONCLUSIONS).
（很多人不會寫這個地方，大家多學習啊）

2. When discussing XRD data XXXauthors
- state that XXXXX
- state that XXXX
- This usually happens with increasing sintering time, but are there any data to present, density, particle size?
（很多人用XRD，結果圖放上去就什么都不管了，這是不應該的）

3. When discussing luminescence measurements authors write "XXXXXIf there is second harmonic in excitation beam it will stay there no matter what type of material one investigates!!!

（研究了什么？？？）
4.英語寫作要提高
（這條很多人的軟肋，大家努力啊）

Reviewer 5

Reviewer Recommendation Term: Reject
Overall Reviewer Manuscript Rating: N/A
Comments to Editor:
Title (Prof./Dr./Mr./Mrs.)rof.
Name:（國人）
Affiliation: XXXXXXXXxxxxXXXXXXXXXXXXXxxxx
Dear editor:

Thank you for inviting me to evaluate the article titled "XXXX“. In this paper, the authors investigated the influences of sintering condition on the crystal structure and XXXXXX， However, it is difficult for us to understand the manuscript because of poor English being used.
The text is not well arranged and the logic is not clear. Except English writing, there are many mistakes in the manuscript and the experimental results don"t show good and new results. So I recommend to you that this manuscript can not be accepted. The following are the questions and some mistakes in this manuscript:
（看看總體評價，不達標，很多人被這樣郁悶了，當然審稿人也有他的道理）

1. TheXXXXXXX. However, this kind material had been investigated since 1997 as mentioned in the author"s manuscript, and similar works had been published in similar journals. What are the novel findings in the present work? The synthesis method and luminescence properties reported in this manuscript didn"t supply enough evidence to support the prime novelty statement.
（這位作者好猛，竟然翻出自己1997年的中文文章翻譯了一邊就敢投國際知名雜志，而且沒有新的創新！
朋友們也看到了，一稿多發，中文，英文雙版發表在網絡時代太難了，運氣不好審稿人也是國人，敢情曾經看過你的文章，所以必死無疑，這位作者老兄就命運差了，剛好被審稿人看見，所以毫無疑問被拒，（呵呵，我97年剛上初一沒見到這個文章，哈哈））
2. In page 5, the author mentioned that: "XXXX Based on our knowledge, "sintering" describes the process when the powders become ceramics. So, I think the word "synthesis" should be better instead of "sintering" here. Second, the XRD patterns didn"t show obvious difference between three "sintering" temperatures of 700, 800 and 900 ?C.
（作者老兄做工作太不仔細了，蟲子們可別犯啊）
3. Also in the page X, the author mentioned that: XXX。。。。。。。。。。 However, the author didn"t supply the morphologies of particles at different synthesizing temperatures. What are the experimental results or the references which support the author"s conclusion that the XXXX properties would be influenced by the particle size?
（作者仍在瞎說，這個問題我也指出了，不光我還是看著國人的份上讓修改，添加很多東西，說實話，文章看的很累很累）
4. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX However, to my knowledge, after the milling, the particles size will be decreased exactly, but how and what to destroy the host structure?
（蟲子們自己注意）
5. XXX on the vertical axis of the XRD patterns was meaningless, because author add several patterns in one figure. It is obvious that these spectra are not measured by ordinary methods. （都是老問題，不說了）

意見英文(7)

1、目標和結果不清晰。
It is noted that your manuscript needs careful editing by someone with expertise in technical English editing paying particular attention to English grammar, spelling, and sentence structure so that the goals and results of the study are clear to the reader.

2、未解釋研究方法或解釋不充分。
In general, there is a lack of explanation of replicates and statistical methods used in the study.
Furthermore, an explanation of why the authors did these various experiments should be provided.

3、對于研究設計的rationale:
Also, there are few explanations of the rationale for the study design.

4、夸張地陳述結論/夸大成果/不嚴謹：
The conclusions are overstated. For example, the study did not show
if the side effects from initial copper burst can be avoid with the polymer formulation.

5、對hypothesis的清晰界定：
A hypothesis needs to be presented。

6、對某個概念或工具使用的rationale/定義概念：
What was the rationale for the film/SBF volume ratio?

7、對研究問題的定義：
Try to set the problem discussed in this paper in more clear,
write one section to define the problem

8、如何凸現原創性以及如何充分地寫literature review:
The topic is novel but the application proposed is not so novel.

9、對claim,如A＞B的證明，verification:
There is no experimental comparison of the algorithm with previously known work, so it is impossible to judge whether the algorithm is an improvement on previous work.

10、嚴謹度問題：
MNQ is easier than the primitive PNQS, how to prove that.

11、格式（重視程度）：
In addition, the list of references is not in our style. It is close but not completely correct. I have attached a pdf file with "Instructions for Authors" which shows examples.
Before submitting a revision be sure that your material is properly prepared and formatted. If you are unsure, please consult the formatting nstructions to authors that are given under the "Instructions and Forms" button in he upper right-hand corner of the screen.

12、語言問題（出現最多的問題）：
有關語言的審稿人意見：
It is noted that your manuscript needs careful editing by someone with expertise in technical English editing paying particular attention to English grammar, spelling, and sentence structure so that the goals and results of the study are clear to the reader.

As presented, the writing is not acceptable for the journal. There are problems with sentence structure, verb tense, and clause construction.

The English of your manuscript must be improved before resubmission. We strongly suggest that you obtain assistance from a colleague who is well-versed in English or whose native language is English.

Please have someone competent in the English language and the subject matter of your paper go over the paper and correct it ?

the quality of English needs improving.

作為審稿人，本不應該把編輯部的這些信息公開（冒風險啊），
但我覺得有些意見值得廣大投稿人注意，
就貼出來吧，當然，有關審稿人的名字，Email，文章題名信息等就都刪除了，
以免造成不必要的麻煩！

兩個拒的是需要我們反思和學習的！
（括號斜體內容為我注解）

Reviewer 4

Reviewer Recommendation Term: Reject
Overall Reviewer Manuscript Rating: 25
Comments to Editor: Reviewers are required to enter their name, affiliation and e-mail address below. Please note this is for administrative purposes and will not be seen by the author.

Title (Prof./Dr./Mr./Mrs.): Prof.
Name: XXX
Affiliation: XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Manuscript entitled "Synthesis XXX……………" it has been synthesized with a number of different methods and in a variety of forms. This manuscript does not bring any new knowledge or data on materials property and therefore only contribution may be in novel preparation method, still this point is not elaborated properly (see Remark 1). Presentation and writing is rather poor; there are several statements not supported with data (for some see Remarks 2) and even some flaws (see Remark 3). For these reasons I suggest to reject paper in the present form.
1. The paper describes a new method for preparation of XXXX, but:
- the new method has to be compared with other methods for preparation of XXXXpowders (INTRODUCTION - literature data, RESULTS AND DISCUSSION - discussion),（通常的寫作格式，審稿人實際上很在意的）
- it has to be described why this method is better or different from other methods, (INTRODUCTION - literature data, RESULTS AND DISCUSSION - discussion),
- it has to be added in the manuscript what kind of XXXXXX by other methods compared to this novel one (INTRODUCTION - literature data, RESULTS AND DISCUSSION - discussion),
- it has to be outlined what is the benefit of this method (ABSTRACT, RESULTS AND DISCUSSION, CONCLUSIONS).
（很多人不會寫這個地方，大家多學習啊）

2. When discussing XRD data XXXauthors
- state that XXXX
- This usually happens with increasing sintering time, but are there any data to present, density, particle size?
（很多人用XRD，結果圖放上去就什么都不管了，這是不應該的）

3. When discussing luminescence measurements authors write "XXXXXIf there is second harmonic in excitation beam it will stay there no matter what type of material one investigates!!!
（研究了什么？？？）

Reviewer 5

Reviewer Recommendation Term: Reject
Overall Reviewer Manuscript Rating: N/A
Comments to Editor:
Title (Prof./Dr./Mr./Mrs.)rof.
Name:（國人）
Affiliation: XXXXXXXXxxxxXXXXXXXXXXXXXxxxx
Dear editor:

Thank you for inviting me to evaluate the article titled "XXXX“. In this paper, the authors investigated the influences of sintering condition on the crystal structure and XXXXXX， However, it is difficult for us to understand the manuscript because of poor English being used.
The text is not well arranged and the logic is not clear. Except English writing, there are many mistakes in the manuscript and the experimental results don"t show good and new results. So I recommend to you that this manuscript can not be accepted. The following are the questions and some mistakes in this manuscript:
（看看總體評價，不達標，很多人被這樣郁悶了，當然審稿人也有他的道理）

1. TheXXXXXXX. However, this kind material had been investigated since 1997 as mentioned in the author"s manuscript, and similar works had been published in similar journals. What are the novel findings in the present work? The synthesis method and luminescence properties reported in this manuscript didn"t supply enough evidence to support the prime novelty statement.
（這位作者好猛，竟然翻出自己1997年的中文文章翻譯了一邊就敢投國際知名雜志，而且沒有新的創新！

2. In page 5, the author mentioned that: "XXXX Based on our knowledge, "sintering" describes the process when the powders become ceramics. So, I think the word "synthesis" should be better instead of "sintering" here. Second, the XRD patterns didn"t show obvious difference between three "sintering" temperatures of 700, 800 and 900 ?C.
（作者老兄做工作太不仔細了，蟲子們可別犯啊）

3. Also in the page X, the author mentioned that: XXX……….., However, the author didn"t supply the morphologies of particles at different synthesizing temperatures. What are the experimental results or the references which support the author"s conclusion that the XXXX properties would be influenced by the particle size?
（作者仍在瞎說，這個問題我也指出了，不光我還是看著國人的份上讓修改，添加很多東西，說實話，文章看的很累很累）

4. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX However, to my knowledge, after the milling, the particles size will be decreased exactly, but how and what to destroy the host structure?
（蟲子們自己注意）

5. XXX on the vertical axis of the XRD patterns was meaningless, because author add several patterns in one figure. It is obvious that these spectra are not measured by ordinary methods. （都是老問題，不說了）

文案編輯詞條

B 添加義項 ?

文案，原指放書的桌子，后來指在桌子上寫字的人。現在指的是公司或企業中從事文字工作的職位，就是以文字來表現已經制定的創意策略。文案它不同于設計師用畫面或其他手段的表現手法，它是一個與廣告創意先后相繼的表現的過程、發展的過程、深化的過程，多存在于廣告公司，企業宣傳，新聞策劃等。

基本信息

中文名稱

文案

外文名稱

Copy

1發展歷程

2主要工作

3分類構成

4基本要求

5工作范圍

6文案寫法

7實際應用

折疊編輯本段發展歷程

漢字"文案"(wén àn)是指古代官衙中掌管檔案、負責起草文書的幕友,亦指官署中的公文、書信等;在現代，文案的稱呼主要用在商業領域，其意義與中國古代所說的文案是有區別的。

在中國古代，文案亦作" 文按 "。公文案卷。《北堂書鈔》卷六八引《漢雜事》:"先是公府掾多不視事，但以文案為務。"《晉書·桓溫傳》:"機務不可停廢，常行文按宜為限日。" 唐戴叔倫《答崔載華》詩:"文案日成堆，愁眉拽不開。"《資治通鑒·晉孝武帝太元十四年》:"諸曹皆得良吏以掌文按。"《花月痕》第五一回:" 荷生覺得自己是替他掌文案。"

舊時衙門里草擬文牘、掌管檔案的幕僚，其地位比一般屬吏高。《老殘游記》第四回:"像你老這樣撫臺央出文案老爺來請進去談談，這面子有多大!"夏衍《秋瑾傳》序幕:"將這阮財富帶回衙門去，要文案給他補一份狀子。"

文案音譯

文案英文:copywriter、copy、copywriting

文案拼音:wén àn

現代文案的概念:

文案來源于廣告行業，是"廣告文案"的簡稱，由copy writer翻譯而來。多指以語辭進行廣告信息內容表現的形式，有廣義和狹義之分，廣義的廣告文案包括標題、正文、口號的撰寫和對廣告形象的選擇搭配;狹義的廣告文案包括標題、正文、口號的撰寫。

在中國，由于各個行業發展都相對不夠成熟，人員素質也參差不齊，這使得"文案"的概念常常被錯誤引用和理解。最典型的就是把文案等同于"策劃"，其實這是兩種差別很大，有著本質區別的工作。只是由于文案人員常常需要和策劃人員、設計人員配合工作，且策劃人員也需要撰寫一些方案，這使得很多人誤認為文案和策劃就是一回事，甚至常常把策劃與文案的工作會混淆在一起(這也和發源于中國的"策劃學"發展不夠成熟有關)。

廣告文案

很多企業中，都有了的專職的文案人員，只有當需要搞一些大型推廣活動、做商業策劃案、寫可行性分析報告等需求量大的項目時，才需要對外尋求合作。以往一般企業都會找廣告、文化傳媒等公司合作。這些公司一般都有專業的文案、設計團隊，經驗也相對豐富，但因為業務量大，范圍廣泛，在針對性方面會較為薄弱。隨著社會經濟不斷發展，對專業文案的要求更加嚴格，逐漸衍生了一些專注于文字服務的文案策劃公司。這類企業發展速度很快，大多數都是從工作室形式轉型而來，也有從文化傳播機構獨立出來的。

隨著中國廣告業二十余年的迅猛發展，廣告公司的經營范圍，操作流程，工作方式都在變化，文案的角色由無聞轉為配角，現正昂首闊步走向臺面，成為主角，從前一則廣告多是由設計出計劃，再配圖之后，文案輪為完稿，一則廣告的計劃多是由文案與美工共同完成，然后各自分工。說起文案的地位，日本是從1992年意識到文案的重要性，臺灣是1998年。2002年，大陸的一些中大型廣告公司的老總幾乎都在垂嘆，好的文案太少了。好的文案往往愿意扎堆，從全國形式來看，這股潛規則正逐漸由華南廣告重鎮廣州向華東中心上海轉移。

折疊編輯本段主要工作

撰寫報紙廣告、雜志廣告、海報; 撰寫企業樣本、品牌樣本、產品目錄; 撰寫日常宣傳文案白領一族

文案白領一族

單頁、各類宣傳小冊子; 撰寫DM直郵廣告，包括信封、郵件正文; 撰寫電視廣告腳本，包括分鏡頭、旁白、字幕; 撰寫電視專題片腳本; 撰寫電視廣告的拍攝清單; 撰寫廣播廣告; 將海外版廣告文案作漢化(翻譯); 撰寫廣告歌詞，或漢化(翻譯)外文歌詞; 撰寫各種形式的網絡廣告; 為網站欄目命名; 撰寫網站內部文案; 撰寫手機短信廣告; 撰寫各類廣告作品的創意闡述; 撰寫廣告口號; 撰寫產品包裝文案，包括:品牌名、使用說明、產品成分等; 為產品或品牌命名，并作創意闡述; 為路演或活動命名，并作創意闡述; 撰寫活動請柬及活動現場宣傳品上的文字; 為各種禮品命名，并作創意闡述; 為專賣店命名，并作創意闡述; 撰寫商店的櫥窗或店內POP物料文案; 撰寫軟文、新聞式、故事式、評論式; 撰寫策劃書，或協助策劃人員優化、潤色方案文字; 協助客戶企業內刊的編輯，提供主題方向，審核文字。不同的環境對文案撰稿人有著不同的錘煉和要求。

折疊編輯本段分類構成

從現有的文案分類有很多種，按照4A標準，一般有四類:助理文案(ACW)，文案(CW策劃文案

策劃文案

)，高級文案(ACW)，資深文案(SCW)，其中稍微要區別的是高級文案與資深文案，前者要求的是文案的撰寫能力，而后者不僅僅是文案的撰寫能力還包括做文案的年資。有些4A公司設有文案主任(CE)一職，大體上與文案職責類似，有時候負責專項。另外有些個別公司還配有首席文案的職位(CCW)，文案功力鳳毛麟角，雖不具領導才能，但有的首席文案拿的工資卻比創意總監還要高。大部分國內廣告公司文案的種類繁雜，有房地產文案、創意文案、企劃文案、品牌文案等。

文案是由標題、副標題、廣告正文、廣告口號組成的。它是廣告內容的文字化表現。在廣告設計中，文案與圖案圖形同等重要，圖形具有前期的沖擊力，廣告文案具有較深的影響力。

廣告標題:它是廣告文案的主題，往往也是廣告內容的訴求重點。它的作用在于吸引人們對廣告的注目，留下印象，引起人們對廣告的興趣。只有當受眾對標語產生興趣時，才會閱讀正文。廣告標語的設計形式有:情報式，問答式、祈使式、新聞式、口號式、暗示式、提醒式等。廣告標語撰寫時要語言簡明扼要，易懂易記，傳遞清楚，新穎個性，句子中的文字數量一般掌握在12個字以內為宜。

廣告副標題:它是廣告方案的補充部分，有一個點睛的作用。主要表現在對標題的補充及讓人感覺，前面的不懂，在這里全部讓人了解。

廣告正文:廣告正文是對產品及服務，以客觀的事實、具體的說明，來增加消費者的了解與認識，以理服人。廣告正文撰寫使內容要實事求是，通俗易懂。不論采用何種題材式樣，都要抓住主要的信息來敘述，言簡易明。

廣告口號:口號是戰略性的語言，目的是經過反復和相同的表現，以便名域其他企業精神的不同，使消費者掌握商品或服務的個性。這以成為推廣商品不可或缺的要素。廣告口號常有的形式:聯想式、比喻式、許諾式、推理式、贊揚式、命令式。廣告口號的撰寫要注意簡潔明了、語言明確、獨創有趣、便于記憶、易讀上口。

所謂廣告文案是以語辭進行廣告信息內容表現的形式。廣告文案有廣義和狹義之分，廣義的廣告文案就是指通過廣告語言、形象和其他因素，對既定的廣告主題、廣告創意所進行的具體表現。狹義的廣告文案則指表現廣告信息的言語與文字構成。廣義的廣告文案包括標題、正文、口號的撰寫和對廣告形象的選擇搭配;狹義的廣告文案包括標題、正文、口號的撰寫。

折疊編輯本段基本要求

1)準確規范、點明主題

準確規范是文案中最基本的要求。要實現對廣告主題和廣告創意的有效表現和對廣告信息的廣告文案

廣告文案

有效傳播，首先要求廣告文案中語言表達規范完整，避免語法錯誤或表達殘缺。其次，廣告文案中所使用的語言要準確無誤，避免產生歧義或誤解。第三，廣告文案中的語言要符合語言表達習慣，不可生搬硬套，自己創造眾所不知的詞匯。第四，廣告文案中的語言要盡量通俗化、大眾化，避免使用冷僻以及過于專業化的詞語。

2)簡明精煉、言簡意賅

文案在文字語言的使用上，要簡明扼要、精練概括。首先，要以盡可能少的語言和文字表達出廣告產品的精髓，實現有效的廣告信息傳播。其次，簡明精練的廣告文案有助于吸引廣告受眾的注意力和迅速記憶下廣告內容。第三，要盡量使用簡短的句子，以防止受眾因繁長語句所帶來的反感。

3)生動形象、表明創意

文案中的生動形象能夠吸引受眾的注意，激發他們的興趣。國外研究資料表明:文字、圖像能引起人們注意的百分比分別文字是35%, 圖像是65%，文案創作時采用生動活潑、新穎獨特的語言的同時，附助以一定的圖像來配合。

4)優美流暢、上口易記

文案是廣告的整體構思，對于由其中訴之于聽覺的廣告語言，要注意優美、流暢和動聽，使其易識別、易記憶和易傳播，從而突出廣告定位，很好地表現廣告主題和廣告創意，產生良好的廣告效果。同時，也要避免過分追求語言和音韻美，而忽視廣告主題，生搬硬套，牽強附會，因文害意。

折疊編輯本段工作范圍

策劃文案和創意文案

一)策劃文案:工作主要是將策劃工作人員的策劃思路形成文字。毋庸置疑，公司很多策劃人員均有很強的策劃水平和豐富的策劃經驗，但有時候手上同時進行幾個案子，同時時間又比較緊的情況下，文案可以在充分理解策劃意圖的情況下幫助策劃人員完成策劃方案的寫作。這其中有幾個內容:

1.必須充分了解本案的運作背景，包括宏觀市場信息和微觀市場動態。

2.掌握整個策劃的戰略指導思想。

3.以通俗易懂、言簡意賅的論述方式將策劃思想反映在字里行間。

4.到比較專業的問題或障礙的時候，應及時與策劃人員溝通，保證策劃方向的一致性。

5.貫徹戰略方針的同時，也可就戰略思想的表達方式和文字提述上提出一些合理化建議，從而更好地展現策劃的戰略核心點。

二)創意文案:主要是將廣告作品的表現及形式用完整的文字表達出來，其中，除了產生畫面的構想之外，還包括廣告語言的表現內容(如平面的標題、引文、正文、隨文，廣告語等，影視的音效、旁白、字幕、廣告語等)。其中至關重要的就是新穎的創意和傳神的文字表現。而這些智慧的閃光絕對不是拍一下腦門子就能出來的。這其中包括了以下內容:

1.通過各個層面，特別是swot方面深入理解，從而找出項目的核心優勢。

2.把握目標消費群的心態。

3.掌握宏觀政策及大市場對項目本身的影響。

4.場策劃人員和設計人員保持密切聯系，隨時溝通。

5.市場上類似房產項目的文案及創意，力求全面加以突破。

6.獲悉開發商對文案創作的要求，調整文字內容和形式。

折疊編輯本段文案寫法

商家要吸引、留住消費者必須注重細節的提高和改善，而其中，文案就是不可忽視的一大細節。下面是一些能吸引買家的寫文案方法:

折疊九宮格思考法

拿一張白紙，用筆先分割成9宮格。中間那格填上你的商品名，接下來開始在其它8格填上可以幫助此商品銷售的眾多可能優點。這是強迫創意產生的簡單練習法，我也常用這種方式構思出企劃案或演講PPT的結構。

折疊要點衍伸法

把該商品型錄上的商品特點照抄下來，然后每個要點后面加以延伸。如果你真的很懶，照抄型錄商品賣點也可，但文字會比較沒有人味，說服力道會稍差。

折疊三段式寫作法

這是仿新聞學中"倒三角寫作法"。第一段，請精要地濃縮全文的銷售話術，因為多數人都沒耐心看全文。第二段，請依照型錄要點衍伸法，逐一說明該商品的眾多特色。到底是點列還是一段長文章較好，要看你的文字功力。文字功力欠佳就點列式寫出賣點即可。最后一段是「鉤子」，主要任務是要叫人【Buy Now】，所以一般是強化商品USP(Unique Selling Point，獨特銷售賣點)、價格優勢或贈品。

折疊編輯本段實際應用

市場研究

沒有正確的市場導向，任何文案或創意都是天馬行空的奇思怪想。的確，再優美的文字用在不適宜的場合中都可能導致整個策劃執行的失敗。一篇優秀的文案，一定是在對市場有深入的了解后方能下筆的。例如不同地區的經濟發展水平、文化構成、風土人情、產業結構比重等等皆有很大差異，同一地區不同年齡、階層人士的世界觀、思維觀、道德觀和價值觀也參差不齊，加上特定環境、特定歷史背景或政策規文賦予某些項目的特殊意義，都會對文案產生深遠的影響。所以無市場，文案便如枯井之蛙，其作品不僅缺乏遠見，生命力也極為低下。

溝通與互助

在創作一幅作品時，常常發生這種情況:設計人員與文案人員一開始沒有很好的溝通;結果是設計人員設計出來的作品文案看來好像是曲解了原意，而將文案配上去時候，設計人員又認為文案的風格與畫面差入甚大。矛盾自然就出現了。其實文案和設計，乃至市場、企劃、媒體等各部門工作人員都應隨時保持高效的溝通。通篇來看，文案的工作是將市場的調查分析結果作為其創作的翔實論據、企劃的核心思想作為其創作的指引方向，媒體投放的渠道作為其創作的特定模式，設計排版作為其創作的具體表現。因此，每一個環節都是動態維系著的。在做一個文稿之前，與各個部門廣泛溝通，并做到互愛互助，才能在一個凝聚力超強的團隊中展現出自己獨特的個性和才華文案編輯詞條

B 添加義項 ?

基本信息

中文名稱

文案

外文名稱

Copy

1發展歷程

2主要工作

3分類構成

4基本要求

5工作范圍

6文案寫法

7實際應用

折疊編輯本段發展歷程

文案音譯

文案英文:copywriter、copy、copywriting

文案拼音:wén àn

現代文案的概念:

廣告文案

折疊編輯本段主要工作

撰寫報紙廣告、雜志廣告、海報; 撰寫企業樣本、品牌樣本、產品目錄; 撰寫日常宣傳文案白領一族

文案白領一族

折疊編輯本段分類構成

從現有的文案分類有很多種，按照4A標準，一般有四類:助理文案(ACW)，文案(CW策劃文案

策劃文案

廣告副標題:它是廣告方案的補充部分，有一個點睛的作用。主要表現在對標題的補充及讓人感覺，前面的不懂，在這里全部讓人了解。

折疊編輯本段基本要求

1)準確規范、點明主題

準確規范是文案中最基本的要求。要實現對廣告主題和廣告創意的有效表現和對廣告信息的廣告文案

廣告文案

2)簡明精煉、言簡意賅

3)生動形象、表明創意

4)優美流暢、上口易記

折疊編輯本段工作范圍

策劃文案和創意文案

1.必須充分了解本案的運作背景，包括宏觀市場信息和微觀市場動態。

2.掌握整個策劃的戰略指導思想。

3.以通俗易懂、言簡意賅的論述方式將策劃思想反映在字里行間。

4.到比較專業的問題或障礙的時候，應及時與策劃人員溝通，保證策劃方向的一致性。

5.貫徹戰略方針的同時，也可就戰略思想的表達方式和文字提述上提出一些合理化建議，從而更好地展現策劃的戰略核心點。

1.通過各個層面，特別是swot方面深入理解，從而找出項目的核心優勢。

2.把握目標消費群的心態。

3.掌握宏觀政策及大市場對項目本身的影響。

4.場策劃人員和設計人員保持密切聯系，隨時溝通。

5.市場上類似房產項目的文案及創意，力求全面加以突破。

6.獲悉開發商對文案創作的要求，調整文字內容和形式。

折疊編輯本段文案寫法

商家要吸引、留住消費者必須注重細節的提高和改善，而其中，文案就是不可忽視的一大細節。下面是一些能吸引買家的寫文案方法:

折疊九宮格思考法

折疊要點衍伸法

折疊三段式寫作法

折疊編輯本段實際應用

市場研究

溝通與互助

文案編輯詞條

B 添加義項 ?

基本信息

中文名稱

文案

外文名稱

Copy

1發展歷程

2主要工作

3分類構成

4基本要求

5工作范圍

6文案寫法

7實際應用

折疊編輯本段發展歷程

文案音譯

文案英文:copywriter、copy、copywriting

文案拼音:wén àn

現代文案的概念:

廣告文案

折疊編輯本段主要工作

撰寫報紙廣告、雜志廣告、海報; 撰寫企業樣本、品牌樣本、產品目錄; 撰寫日常宣傳文案白領一族

文案白領一族

折疊編輯本段分類構成

從現有的文案分類有很多種，按照4A標準，一般有四類:助理文案(ACW)，文案(CW策劃文案

策劃文案

廣告副標題:它是廣告方案的補充部分，有一個點睛的作用。主要表現在對標題的補充及讓人感覺，前面的不懂，在這里全部讓人了解。

折疊編輯本段基本要求

1)準確規范、點明主題

準確規范是文案中最基本的要求。要實現對廣告主題和廣告創意的有效表現和對廣告信息的廣告文案

廣告文案

2)簡明精煉、言簡意賅

3)生動形象、表明創意

4)優美流暢、上口易記

折疊編輯本段工作范圍

策劃文案和創意文案

1.必須充分了解本案的運作背景，包括宏觀市場信息和微觀市場動態。

2.掌握整個策劃的戰略指導思想。

3.以通俗易懂、言簡意賅的論述方式將策劃思想反映在字里行間。

4.到比較專業的問題或障礙的時候，應及時與策劃人員溝通，保證策劃方向的一致性。

5.貫徹戰略方針的同時，也可就戰略思想的表達方式和文字提述上提出一些合理化建議，從而更好地展現策劃的戰略核心點。

1.通過各個層面，特別是swot方面深入理解，從而找出項目的核心優勢。

2.把握目標消費群的心態。

3.掌握宏觀政策及大市場對項目本身的影響。

4.場策劃人員和設計人員保持密切聯系，隨時溝通。

5.市場上類似房產項目的文案及創意，力求全面加以突破。

6.獲悉開發商對文案創作的要求，調整文字內容和形式。

折疊編輯本段文案寫法

商家要吸引、留住消費者必須注重細節的提高和改善，而其中，文案就是不可忽視的一大細節。下面是一些能吸引買家的寫文案方法:

折疊九宮格思考法

折疊要點衍伸法

折疊三段式寫作法

折疊編輯本段實際應用

市場研究

溝通與互助

文案編輯詞條

B 添加義項 ?

基本信息

中文名稱

文案

外文名稱

Copy

1發展歷程

2主要工作

3分類構成

4基本要求

5工作范圍

6文案寫法

7實際應用

折疊編輯本段發展歷程

文案音譯

文案英文:copywriter、copy、copywriting

文案拼音:wén àn

現代文案的概念:

廣告文案

折疊編輯本段主要工作

撰寫報紙廣告、雜志廣告、海報; 撰寫企業樣本、品牌樣本、產品目錄; 撰寫日常宣傳文案白領一族

文案白領一族

折疊編輯本段分類構成

從現有的文案分類有很多種，按照4A標準，一般有四類:助理文案(ACW)，文案(CW策劃文案

策劃文案

廣告副標題:它是廣告方案的補充部分，有一個點睛的作用。主要表現在對標題的補充及讓人感覺，前面的不懂，在這里全部讓人了解。

折疊編輯本段基本要求

1)準確規范、點明主題

準確規范是文案中最基本的要求。要實現對廣告主題和廣告創意的有效表現和對廣告信息的廣告文案

廣告文案

2)簡明精煉、言簡意賅

3)生動形象、表明創意

4)優美流暢、上口易記

折疊編輯本段工作范圍

策劃文案和創意文案

1.必須充分了解本案的運作背景，包括宏觀市場信息和微觀市場動態。

2.掌握整個策劃的戰略指導思想。

3.以通俗易懂、言簡意賅的論述方式將策劃思想反映在字里行間。

4.到比較專業的問題或障礙的時候，應及時與策劃人員溝通，保證策劃方向的一致性。

5.貫徹戰略方針的同時，也可就戰略思想的表達方式和文字提述上提出一些合理化建議，從而更好地展現策劃的戰略核心點。

意見英文(8)

意見一致英文

【篇一：wto五重要成員國達成一致意見(洛基英語)】

《華盛頓郵報》: wto五重要成員國達成一致意見

(中文大意)

據此間出席wto會議的主要談判代表稱，wto的五個核心成員國經數小時討價還價于周四上午達成一致意見，由此開啟了通往所有成員國可望達成一致意見的貿易協議的大門。

這五個成員國是美、歐、印、巴和澳大利亞，它們認為是在147個成員國的組織中代表了廣泛貿易利益的國家。wto設定了周五子夜為其在四個重要領域內達成框架性協議的大限。這四個領域為農產品、工業品、服務業和新海關法。這次談判旨在使失敗的多哈自由貿易談判回到原來軌道上。

據信這五個成員國會談結果將可能設定wto總干事素帕猜(supachai panitchpakdi)和總理事會主席(shotaro oshima)于周四下午向整個組織提出建議的基調。

five core members of the world trade organization ended hours of hard bargaining early on thursday with an accord that could open the way to a deal on a trade pact by the full membership, a leading negotiator said.

it brings the possibility of an agreement (of the full membership) nearer, the negotiator, who had been involved in the talks, told reuters.

the five members are the united states, the european union, australia, india and brazil. they are considered to represent a wide range of trade interests within the 147-state body.

the wto has given itself a deadline of midnight friday to reach outline deals in four key areas: farm and industrial goods, services and a new customs code. the talks are intended to put the troubled doha round of free trade negotiations back on track.

the negotiator, who declined to be named or to provide details, said that the five members had agreed how to word all points in the hotly disputed text on agricultural reform, which is widely seen as crucial to an overall pact.

the outcome of the talks between the five was seen as likely to set the tone for proposals that the chief mediators, wto chief supachai panitchpakdi and executive general council chairman shotaro oshima of japan, will put to the full body later thursday.

they (the five) assume that they have given some political guidance for what would be a

洛基國際英語

竭誠為您服務

reasonable compromise, the negotiator said.

he added that he did not expect the mediators draft to be ready before the afternoon.

“成千上萬人瘋狂下載。。。。。。

更多價值連城的絕密英語學習資料，

洛基內部秘密英語，技巧，策略

請在網上申請報名”

竭誠為您服務

【篇二：美國習慣用語：觀點一致,意見相同(雙語)】

美國習慣用語：觀點一致意見相同(雙語)

今天我們要講的一個美國習慣用語是to see eye to eye。eye是一只眼睛，to see eye to eye，意思是觀點一致，意見相同。比如說，聯合國的許多成員國都認為應當制止伊朗發展核武器，在這件事上他們的看法是一致的，they see eye to eye on this matter。不過他們對如何制裁伊朗卻意見分歧。they do not see eye to eye on how to sanction iran。要注意的是，要說到在某個問題上意見一致或不同的時候，我們通常用介詞on。在剛才的句子里，我們說，they do not see eye to eye on how to sanction iran。下面我們來聽一個例句。這是一個公司的老板在告訴大家為什么他的公司經營得很成功。

例句-1：our business has been successful because tom and i work so well together. sure, we have some differences in personality, but on the important things, like which businesses to invest in and who to hire, we see eye to eye。

這位老板說：我們的生意很成功，因為tom跟我合作得很好。沒錯，我們的個性不完全一樣，但是在重大事情上，比如在向哪些公司投資和雇用什么人的問題上，我們的看法是一致的。

在美國，我們經常可以看到有關公司內部權力之爭的報導。所以能找到一個在重大問題上觀點一致，合作得很好的伙伴也是不容易的。

******

to see eye to eye這個習慣用語最早出現在1600年的圣經譯文中，可是現在美國人仍然經常使用。下面我們再來舉一個例子。這是一個丈夫在說他的婚姻問題。

例句-2：at the beginning of our marriage we wanted the same things, but over the years weve grown apart. now, for example, i want a family but she doesnt, and she wants to stay in the city but i want to get out. the fact is we no longer see eye to eye。

這個人說：剛結婚的時候，我們有共同的愿望和追求。可是后來我們變得不一樣了，比如現在我想要孩子，她不要；她想住在城里，我想搬到城外去。實際上我們就是意見不一致了。

這個例句里說這對夫婦grow apart。grow是成長，apart是分開。不管是大人，還是小孩，每個人在生活中天天都在成長，都有變化。夫婦倆由于學習，工作或其他因素逐漸分道揚鑣的現象是很多的。這也是美國人離婚時提出的理由之一。

【篇三：公文呈報審批常用語中英文參考對照表】

公文呈報審批常用語中英文參考對照表

說明：1、本表僅供參考。

2、對照表所列詞匯僅為部分常用語，不能包含全面，須根據具體語境加以運用。 3、在日常使用過程中，歡迎對常用審批用語中英文參考對照表提出修改、補充意見。

意見英文(9)

英文口語如何表達“沒意見”

發布日期：2013-03-11 16:52 來源:21英文網

　　無論是開會討論，還是平時聊天，你都會碰上要表態的時候。別人的話正好說到你心坎上，或是你覺得他的主意還可以，該如何表達？快來學學英文口語如何表達“沒意見”！
　　1. I quite agree with you.
　　我很贊同你的看法。
　　2. I don"t think anyone would disagree.
　　我想沒人會反對。
　　3. I have no problem with that.
　　這事我沒意見。
　　4. I couldn"t have said it better.
　　我想說的也是這個意思。
　　5. I couldn"t agree more.
　　太對了，我舉雙手贊成。
　　6. I think I"ll go along with your proposal.
　　我支持你的提議。
　　7. That"s just how I see it.
　　我也是這么想的。
　　8. I"m with you on that point.
　　這一點上，我和你一樣。
　　9. I think it is a good idea.
　　我覺著這主意不錯。
　　10. I think you"re right.
　　你說的沒錯。

意見英文(10)

法律意見書英文

【篇一：英文法律意見書】

haoway investments limited uegistered

senior secured debt securities

關于豪威投資有限公司未登記優先擔保債券的

attorney’s opinions

法律意見書

chongqing, p. r. china

march 17, 2007

二零零七年三月十七日

re: haoway investments limited uegistered senior secured debt securities

關于豪威投資有限公司未登記優先擔保債券的

attorney opinion letter

法律意見書

dated on march 17, 2007

二oo七年三月十七日

gentleman or madam,

敬啟者：

investment limited (haoway) and chongqing gaoshan real estate development co. ltd. (gaoshan) (our clients), deliver our opinion as follows:

according to (a) the european parliament?s purvis report; (b) the post-fsap report on asset management; (c) cesr?s mandate for the asset management experts group; (d) the iosco report on “issues arising from the participation of retail investors in hedge funds” (e) article 2 of directive 2001/108/ec (amending the ucits [undertakings for collective investment in

transferable securities” or “ucits investment fund”] directive 85/611 on

investments), we delivered these opinions based on the accepted professional standards and regulations and on the principles of due diligence:

根據(a) 歐洲議會的《purvis報告》，(b) 《關于資產管理的后fsap報告》，(c) 歐洲證券管理委員會對于資產管理專家小組的強制要求，(d) 國際證監會組織關于“零散投資人參與對沖基金有關問題”的報告，(e) 歐盟第2001/108/ec號指令

第2條（關于修訂ucits [可轉讓證券集合投資事業，也稱證券投資基金]投資的第85/611號指令等有關法律法規的規定，本所按照律師行業公認的業務標準、道德規范和勤勉盡責的精神出具本法律意見書。

as for this document, we hereby make following representations:

對本所出具的本法律意見書，本所律師特作如下聲明：

1.0 the basic legal requirements of these opinion include (a) the

european parliament?s purvis report; (b) the post-fsap report on asset management; (c) cesr?s mandate for the asset management experts

group; (d) the iosco report on “issues arising from the participation of retail investors in hedge funds” (e) article 2 of directive 2001/108/ec (amending the ucits [undertakings for collective investment in

transferable securities” or “ucits investment fund”] directive 85/611 on investments). and we delivered these opinions with the existing facts and laws or regulations on or before the 5th day of march, 2007.

本所律師依據(a) 歐洲議會的《purvis報告》，(b) 《關于資產管理的后fsap報告》，(c) 歐洲證券管理委員會對于資產管理專家小組的強制要求，(d) 國際證監會組織關于“零散投資人參與對沖基金有關問題”的報告，(e) 歐盟第2001/108/ec號指令第2條（關于修訂ucits [可轉讓證券集合投資事業，也稱證券投資基金]投資的第85/611號指令及本法律意見書出具日以前已經發生或存在的事實以及法律、法規的有關規定發表法律意見。

2.0 haoway pledges for supply of all facts, materials and testimonies

which might be used for the background for these opinions, and further guarantees the truthfulness, integrity and accuracy thereof with no major

misrepresentations. any copies thereof shall be the same with the

originals.

豪威公司保證已經提供了本所律師認為作為出具本法律意見書所必需的全部有關事實材料、副本材料或者口頭證言，且保證所提供材料的真實性、完整性和準確性，無重大遺漏及誤導性陳述，所提供的復印件與原件具有一致性。

3.0 we merely deliver these opinions regarding uegistered senior

secured debt securities of haoway. any data, information and

conclusion of relevant reports and documents by other institutes involved shall not be commented by this firm.

本所律師僅就與豪威公司未登記優先擔保債券涉及的有關法律問題發表法律意見。本法律意見書涉及到其他中介機構出具報告及相關文件中數據、意見及結論之處均為嚴格引述，并不表明本所及本所律師對這些數據、意見及結論的任何評價。

4.0 for any major facts without evidences, we make these opinions

according to the representations of our clients.

在本法律意見書出具過程中，對于那些對本法律意見書至關重大但已無法得到直接獨立的證據支持的事實，本所律師依據委托人的有關陳述出具相關的法律意見。

5.0 we do agree that haoway may make reference to the opinion or

conclusion of these opinions in offering memorandum of uegistered senior secured debt securities and any other documents. however, no reference shall be made in misleading way. unless otherwise addressed herein, all the terms in these opinions shall be used, defined and explained in the same meaning of those in offering memorandum.

本所律師同意豪威公司在豪威公司未登記優先擔保債券募集說明書中引用本

法律意見書的有關意見及結論，但該引述不應采取任何可能導致對本法律意見書的理解出現偏差的方式進行。除非另有說明，本法律意見書和豪威公司未登記優先擔保債券發行中使用、定義及解釋的所有術語具有相同含義。

6.0 these opinions shall be only used for uegistered senior secured

debt securities of haoway. any other purposes shall not be permitted. we agree to report these opinions attached with other required legal

documents and to be responsible for these opinions.

本法律意見書僅供豪威公司未登記優先擔保債券之目的使用，不得用作任何其他目的。本所律師同意將本法律意見書作為豪威公司未登記優先擔保債券所必備的法定文件，隨其他申請材料一起上報，并依法對本法律意見所出具的法律意見承擔責任。

we hereby make following attorney?s opinions for uegistered senior secured debt securities of haoway:

本所律師現就豪威公司未登記優先擔保債券涉及的相關法律問題，出具如下法律意見：

7.0 haoway is in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its

incorporation, has been duly incorporated, is validly existing as a corporation with corporate power and authority to own its property and to conduct its business as described in the offering documents and is duly qualified to transact business and is in good standing in the state of its formation;

豪威公司是依法正式成立并有效存續的法人，符合其管轄地法律的各項規定，它有權力和授權擁有自有財產和開展發行文件所述的業務，有充分的資格進行交易，符合其成立所在州的法律。

8.0 the commitment letter has been duly authorized, executed and

delivered by haoway;

【篇二：英文律師法律意見書范本】

sample attorney opinion letter

date

(name of client)

president

*** co., ltd

city, state, zip code

re: opinion letter regarding (name of employee, e.g., fictitious ** **)

dear (name):

after our initial meeting, i reviewed the papers you sent me regarding the ** **matter. as i understand the situation, ms.** signed a written employment

agreement with your company. the agreement stated that in the event of

termination or resignation from her job as your sales associate, ms. ** would

not call upon or sell goods to any of your customers for a period of one year.

you have asked me to advise you about your rights, the chance of success, the

amount of damages that may be recoverable, the costs involved, and my ability to

represent you in this matter.

rights of *** against ms. **

when ms. ** signed a written contract with your company, she agreed not to call

upon any of your customers for a period of one year. this is called a

restrictive covenant. to enforce your covenant against ms.**, you must bring

an action against her and prove your case. you have a choice of forums in which

to bring the action: federal district court or a state court. since it is easier

to obtain an injunction (an action to immediately stop her from selling to your

customers) in a state court rather than a federal court, i would suggest the

state court.

i must advise you that injunctions are largely discretionary with the court, and

behalf. since you waited eight months before threatening to sue ms. **, my

guess is that you have about a twenty percent (20%) chance of obtaining an

injunction.

rights to and amount of damages

your chances of obtaining money damages against ms. **are much greater than

your chances for an injunction. from our discussion and the facts and evidence

suggested in your papers, it appears that the amount of recoverable damages

would be measured by the profits you have lost since the time ms. ** began

selling competitive products to your customers.

it should be understood that if we win our case, however, ms.** may not

voluntarily pay the judgment. thus, it may be necessary to enforce the judgment by having a sheriff or marshall seize and sell assets not exempt from execution. however, if ms. ** does not own assets, such as real estate, money in bank

accounts, stocks, etc., but owns only personal items exempt from execution under the laws of our state, then any judgment you obtain may not be worth much.

negatives to lawsuit

besides the fact that you may lose a lawsuit against ms. ** or that any

judgment obtained may be uncollectible, there are other negative factors you should consider before bringing a lawsuit. these include court costs and attorney fees. court costs are recoverable, but other costs, such as travel, the time lost when you are called to testify (or required to help us develop the case), and attorney fees, are not recoverable.

my services

i am familiar with the nature of your manufacturing business and am qualified to represent you in this matter if you choose to proceed. my fee would be based on my normal hourly charge of $250 for myself and $150 for associates. trial time is billed at $1,000 per day. the initial services of preparing a complaint and serving same would cost approximately $300. preparing a request for an

injunction and attending a hearing on the injunction would cost approximately $2,500.

it is quite possible that ms. ** would not retain her own counsel and not

answer the complaint. this means that a default judgment could be taken without the necessity of a trial. here attorney fees would probably amount to no more than $1,000.

i require a $1,000 retainer to open a file and commence an action.

if you wish to proceed with this matter, i will need to know the full names and addresses of your customers to whom ms. ** is presently selling and the estimated sales volume which you have lost.

if you have any questions, please call me.

very truly yours,

name of attorney

【篇三：律師制作法律意見書和工作報告規范(中英文)】

律師制作法律意見書和工作報告規范

版次：01 修改碼：02 編號：ty/zy01.05-2002 making legal submissions and lawyers work standardized version of the report: 01 to amend code: 02 #: ty/zy01.05-2002

1 目的和主題內容

1.1 為了指導律師制作法律意見書和工作報告，制訂本規范。

1.2 本規范規定了律師出具法律意見書和工作報告的范圍和基本要求、基本內容、出具程序、修改程序、反饋意見及工作底稿等。

1 purpose and content of 1.1 to guide the theme of making legal submissions and lawyers work report, the formulation of the code. 1.2 norms issued by a lawyer provided legal submissions and report on the work of the scope and basic requirements, the basic content, issued procedures, modify the program, feedback and working papers, and so on.

2 適用范圍

2.1 本規范適用于本所全體律師。

2.2 下列人員應通曉本規范：

1）律師

2.3 下列人員應了解本規范：

1）業務輔助人員

2 application of the 2.1 instruction applies to all this by the lawyers. 2.2 the following persons should be proficient in the standards: 1) 230 lawyers should understand the following specifications: 1) operational support staff

3 術語

3.1 法律意見書：是指律師對有關的法律問題明確發表的結論性意見。

3.2 律師工作報告：是指律師詳盡、完整地闡述所履行盡職調查的情況，在法律意見書中所發表意見或結論的依據、進行有關核查驗證的過程、所涉及的必要資料或文件的文本。

3.3 工作底稿：是指律師在制作法律意見書和工作報告過程中形成的工作記錄及在工作中獲取的文件、會議紀要、談話記錄等資料。

3 legal terminology from 3.1: refers to lawyers on the legal issues clear on the concluding

observations. 3.2 report on the work of lawyers: that lawyers are detailed and complete exposition of the due diligence performed by the circumstances, legal advice in the book published by the observations or conclusions on the basis of the verification carried out the verification process, involving the necessary information or documents to the text. 3。3 working papers: refers to lawyers in the production of legal submissions and report on the work developed in the course of the work records and access to the work of the papers, minutes of meetings, the transcript included.

4 職責

本規范的編制和修訂由本所標準化委員會提出，經合伙人會議批準后，由主任頒布。

4 duties of the norms and the establishment of the amendments by the committee for

standardization, proposed, the approval by the partners, promulgated by the director.

5 引用法律、規章

《中華人民共和國公司法》

《中華人民共和國證券法》

中國證監會《公開發行證券公司信息披露的編報規則（第12號）》

5 cited laws, regulations, the prc company law, prc securities law, the china

securities regulatory commission public offering of securities companies for disclosure of information on the rules (no. 12)

6 出具范圍和基本要求

6.1 在下列情況下，律師可以向委托人出具法律意見書或律師工作報告：

（1）有關法律、法規、規章要求律師制作的法律意見書、律師工作報告為必備文件的；

（2）委托人要求律師就有關的法律問題明確發表結論性意見的；

（3）本所作業文件要求的；

（4）律師在承辦案件或法律事務過程中認為有必要出具法律意見書和律師工作報告的。

6.2 有關法律、法規、規章和本所作業文件對法律意見書和律師工作報告的內容有明確規定的，律師在制作法律意見書和律師工作報告時應符合有關規定。某些具體規定確實對委托人不適用的，律師可根據實際情況作適當變更，但應向委托人說明變更的原因。

6.3 律師出具法律意見書和律師工作報告所用的語詞應簡潔明晰，不得使用“基本符合條件”或“除xxx以外，基本符合條件”一類的措辭。對不符合有關法律、法規、規章、本所作業文件規定的事項，或已勤勉盡責仍不能對其法律性質或其合法性作出準確判斷的事項，律師應發表保留意見，并說明相應的理由。 6 issued by the scope and basic requirements of 6.1 in the following cases, lawyers can be issued to the client or the legal counsel report on the work of the submissions: (1) the relevant laws, regulations, rules require the production of legal counsel submissions, lawyers for the report on the work necessary documents ; (2) client requested the law society on the legal issues explicitly made the concluding observations (3) of this document by the operating requirements of (4)

lawyers in the case or contractors in the course of legal affairs consider it necessary to issue legal opinions and the report on the work of lawyers.

6 issued by the scope and basic requirements of 6.1 in the following cases, lawyers can be issued to the client or the legal counsel report on the work of the submissions: (1) the relevant laws, regulations, rules require the production of legal counsel submissions, lawyers for the report on the work necessary documents ; (2) client requested the law society on the legal issues explicitly made the concluding observations (3) of this document by the operating requirements of (4)

lawyers in the case or contractors in the course of legal affairs consider it necessary to issue legal opinions and the report on the work of lawyers. 6。3 lawyers issued legal submissions and report on the work of lawyers used by the words should be simple clarity, shall not be used in line with the basic conditions or xxx addition, in line with the basic conditions of a class of the wording. for non-compliance with the relevant laws, regulations, rules, the document provided by operating

issues, or diligence is not its nature or the legitimacy of the law to make an accurate judgement of the matter, lawyers should be made reservations, as well as the corresponding reasons.

7 基本內容

7.1 法律意見書的基本內容

7.1.1 法律意見書開頭部分

（1）法律意見書開頭部分應載明，律師是否根據有關法律、法規和規章的規定，按照律師行業公認的業務標準、道德規范和勤勉盡責精神，出具法律意見書。

（2）律師應承諾依據有關法律、法規和規章的規定及本法律意見書出具日以前已發生或存在的事實發表法律意見。

（3）律師應承諾已嚴格履行法定職責，遵循了勤勉盡責和誠實信用原則，對委托人委托事項的合法、合規、真實、有效性進行了充分的核查驗證，保證法律意見書和律師工作報告不存在虛假記載、誤導性陳述及重大遺漏。

（4）律師應承諾同意對法律意見書和律師工作報告承擔相應的法律責任。

（5）律師應承諾同意委托人部分或全部引用法律意見書或律師工作報告的內容，但委托人作上述引用時，不得因引用而導致法律上的歧義或曲解。

（6）律師可作出其他適當聲明，但不得做出違反律師行業公認的業務標準、道德規范和勤勉盡責精神的免責聲明。

7 elements of the law from 7.1 the basic content of the law from the beginning of 7.1.1 (1) the law should specify the beginning of the submissions, lawyers are in accordance with the relevant laws and regulations on the basis of the legal profession recognized business standards, ethics and the spirit of diligence, issued by legal submissions. (2) lawyers should undertake in accordance with the relevant laws and regulations and the provisions of this legal submissions on the issue before or the fact that the existence of a legal opinion. (3) lawyers should have strict commitment to perform their functions, followed the diligence and credit honesty principle,

commissioned by the clients of the legal, regulatory, true, the full effectiveness of the verification verification to ensure that the legal submissions and lawyers work there is no report of false records, misleading statements and major omissions. (4) lawyers should commit themselves to agree on the legal submissions and report on the work of lawyers bear the corresponding legal responsibility. (5) lawyers agree that clients should commit themselves to quote some or all of the legal submissions of counsel or the contents of the report, but made the above quote when the client, not to invoke a result of the legal ambiguity or misinterpretation. (6) lawyers can make other appropriate statement, but not to breach the legal profession recognized business standards, ethics and diligence of the disclaimer.

7.1.2 法律意見書正文

律師應在進行充分核查驗證的基礎上，對委托人委托的事項明確發表結論性意見。所發表的結論性意見應包括是否合法合規、是否真實有效，是否存在糾紛或潛在風險。

7.1.2 legal counsel from the body should be in full verification on the basis of verification, the client commissioned a clear matter of concluding observations. published by the concluding observations should include the legality of the regulation, whether real, valid, the existence of disputes or potential risks.

7.1.3 總體結論性意見

（1）律師應對委托人委托的事項是否存在違法違規，明確發表總體結論性意見。

（2）律師已勤勉盡責仍不能發表肯定性意見的，應發表保留意見，并說明相應的理由。

7.1.3 overall concluding observations (1) commissioned a lawyer to clients of the existence of illegal matters, a clear overall concluding observations. (2) lawyers have diligence can not express the views of certainty, should be made reservations, as well as the corresponding reasons.

7.2 律師工作報告的基本內容

7.2.1 律師工作報告開頭部分

律師工作報告開頭部分應載明，律師是否根據有關法律、法規和規章的規定，按照律師行業公認的業務標準、道德規范和勤勉盡責精神，出具律師工作報告。

7.2.2 律師工作報告引言

（1）可以簡介律師及律師事務所，包括（但不限于）注冊地及時間、業務范圍、執業律師人數、本次簽名律師的執業記錄及其主要經歷、聯系方式等。

（2）說明律師制作法律意見書的工作過程，包括（但不限于）與委托人相互溝通的情況，對委托人提供材料的查驗、走訪、談話記錄、現場勘查記錄、查閱文件的情況，以及工作時間等。

7.2.3 律師工作報告正文

（1）根據有關法律、法規、規章以及委托人的章程等規定，委托事項是否合法有效，是否存在法律障礙、可能引致的風險等。

（2）律師認為需要說明的其他問題。

7.2 counsel report on the work of the basic elements 7.2.1 lawyers report on the work of lawyers beginning of the beginning of the work report should contain, lawyers are in accordance with the relevant laws and regulations on the basis of the legal profession recognized business standards, ethics and the spirit of diligence , issued by the law society report on the work.。7.2.2 report on the work of lawyers introduction (1) introduction lawyers and law firms, including (but not

limited to) the time and place of registration, business scope, the number of lawyers, this lawyers signature practice record and its main experience, contacts, etc. . (2) description of the lawyers making legal submissions process, including (but not limited to) and the client to communicate with each other, to provide information on the client identification, visited, conversation records, crime scene investigation records, inspection documents, and work hours. 7.2.3 lawyers report on the work of the body (1) in accordance with the relevant laws, regulations, rules and provisions of the statute of clients, whether the commission valid, the existence of legal barriers, may lead to the risks. (2) lawyers need to note that the other issues.

出具程序

8.1 提交委托人的法律意見書和律師工作報告應是經至少一名以上執業律師簽名，并經本所加蓋公章、簽署日期的正式文本。

8.2 法律意見書和律師工作報告在經本所蓋章前，應經至少兩名以上合伙人審閱并簽署“同意”意見。

8 to 8.1 procedures issued by clients of legal submissions and lawyers should be a report on the work of the lawyers over at least one signature, and as with official seals by the signing date of the official text. 8.2 legal submissions and lawyers in the work report by the seal of the former, it shall be at least two more partners reviewed and signed the consent views.

9 修改和反饋意見

9.1 律師簽署的法律意見書和律師工作報告提交委托人后，不得收回進行修改。如律師認為需補充或更正，應另行出具補充法律意見書和律師工作報告。

9.2 法律意見書和律師工作報告提交委托人后，律師應關注委托人的反饋意見。委托人對法律意見書和律師工作報告提出疑問的，律師認為有必要，可以出具補充法律意見書和補充報告。

9 laws 9.1 and feedback from the law signed by the lawyers and lawyers working report to the client, may not recover to edit. such as lawyers believe to be added or corrected, should be issued additional legal submissions and report on the work of lawyers. 9.2 legal submissions and lawyers work report to the client, lawyers should be concerned about client feedback. clients of the legal submissions and lawyers raise questions about the report, the lawyers considered it necessary, can produce additional legal submissions and supplementary report.

10 工作底稿

10.1 律師在制作法律意見書和律師工作報告的同時，應制作工作底稿。

10.2 律師應及時、準確、真實地制作工作底稿，工作底稿的質量是判斷律師是否勤勉盡責的重要依據。

10.3 工作底稿應包括（但不限于）以下內容：

（1）律師承擔項目的基本情況，包括委托人名稱、項目名稱、制作項目的時間或期間、工作量統計；

（2）為制作法律意見書和律師工作報告制定的工作計劃及其操作程序的記錄；

（3）委托人設立及歷史沿革有關的資料，如設立批準證書、營業執照、合同、章程等文件或變更文件的復印件；

（4）重大合同、協議及其他重要文件和會議記錄的摘要或副本；

（5）與委托人及相關人員相互溝通情況的記錄，對委托人提供資料的檢查、調查訪問記錄、往來函件、現場勘察記錄、查閱文件清單等相關的資料及詳細說明；

（6）委托人及相關人員的書面保證或聲明書的復印件；

（7）對保留意見及疑難問題所作的說明；

（8）其他與出具法律意見書和律師工作報告相關的重要資料。

10 working papers of 10.1 lawyers in the production of legal submissions and report on the work of lawyers at the same time, should produce working papers. 10.2 lawyers should be timely, accurate and true to create working papers, working papers of the quality of judgement whether the lawyer an important basis for diligence. 10.3 working papers should include (but are not limited to) the following: (1) counsels basic commitment to the project, including the names of clients, project name, the production projects or the time period, the workload statistics (2) for the production of legal submissions report on the work of lawyers and develop a work plan and operational procedures of the record, (3) the establishment and history of client-related

意見英文(11)

As presented, the writing is not acceptable for the journal. There are problems with sentence structure, verb tense, and clause construction.

The English of your manuscript must be improved before resubmission. We strongly suggest that you obtain assistance from a colleague who is well-versed in English or whose native language is English.

Please have someone competent in the English language and the subject matter of your paper go over the paper and correct it ?

the quality of English needs improving.

意見英文(12)

用英文表達意見

一、表達意見

1.In my opinion….

我的意見是….

2.I think/believe that

我覺得/相信

3.If you ask me….

如果你問我….

4.The point is that….

我的觀點是….

5.As far as I’m concerned….

就我而言…

6.I’d like to say this….

我會這樣說

二、表示同意他人意見

1.So do I.

我也這樣認為

2.I agree (with you) completely/entirely.

我完全認同(你說的)

3.I can’t agree with you anymore.

我非常同意你說的

4.I feel the same way.

我有同樣的想法

5.Exactly/ Of course

表示絕對、當然

三、表示反對他人觀點

1.I don’t think so.

我不這樣認為

2.I’m afraid I disagree.

我恐怕不是這么想

反對完總是要說出自己的想法或是反對的原因，那你可以這樣講:

1. I don’t like to disagree with you, but….

我不喜歡反對你，但….

2. All right, but don’t you think….

好吧，但你不覺得….

3. ……However…..

然而 (這可舉出你部分同意的地方，再表述你覺得不好的地方)

4. But what about…..?

但關于…..方面呢?

四、總結你的觀點

不管是剛說完自己的意見或是反對完他人的意見，都可以總結一下，表示得更清楚。

1.What I mean to say was….

我的意思是說….

2.Let me repeat what I said….

讓我整理重申我剛講的是….

五、詢問他人意見

1.What do you think about?

你覺得怎樣?

2.How do you see it?

你怎么看?

3.What’s your view on the matter?

這件事你的看法如何?

4.Let’s have your opinion.

讓我們聽聽你的意見

六、總結討論

1.Basically we’re in agreement.

基本上我們有共識

2.I think we have agree to disagree.

我想我們有相同點與不同點

3.I think we have different opinions.

我知道我們有歧見

意見英文12篇

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