moreover用法8篇
moreover用法(1)
Ａｓ的用法
一、as用作連詞 1. 用于as...as...結構，其中第二個as為連詞，其后常跟一個名詞或代詞，省略了與前面句子相同的謂語和其他成分，既可用于肯定句，又可用于否定句，否定句式也可用not so...as... 如 Tom runs as fast as John.(John后省略了runs) She does not sing so well as her sister.(her sister后省略了sings) 2. as可表示時間，“當……的時候”，引導時間狀語從句。as作此用法時，常與when，while比較。when后的時間狀語從句的謂語既可是延續性動詞，又可是短暫性動詞，而while后必須是延續性動詞；as側重于主句與時間狀語從句的兩個動作同時發生，常譯為“一邊……一邊……”。 如 When／While he worked in the factory，he learned a lot from the workers. 當他在那個工廠工作的時候，他從工人那兒學到了很多。（work為延續性動詞） He jumped up when she called. 當她打電話來的時候，他跳了起來。（call為短暫性動詞） I read the novel as I walked along. 我邊走邊讀小說。 3. 表示原因，引導原因狀語從句，常與because，for，since辨析。because 表示直接原因，常用來回答why的提問；since因為，既然，表示顯然的或已知的理由；for因為，由于，表示附加的或推斷的理由，不放句首；as由于，鑒于，從句說明原因，主句說明結果，為常用詞。 {1} Jenny was very sad over the loss of the photos she had shot at Canada，______this was a memory she especially treasured. A. asB. ifC. whenD. where 答案為A。丟了在加拿大拍攝的照片，甄妮非常難過，因為這是她特別珍惜的記憶。 {2} A man cannot smile like a child，______ a child smiles with his eyes，while a man smiles with his lips alone. A. soB. but C. and D. for 答案為D。成年人沒法像孩子那樣笑，因為孩子是用眼睛在笑，而成年人僅僅是用嘴在笑。 {3} ______ all of you knows the news，I won’t tell you about it again. A. For B. SinceC. When D. Unless 答案為B。既然你們都知道了這個消息，我就不再告訴你們了。 4. 表示方式，引導方式狀語從句，“按照，如同”。 Do as I say. 按照我說的去做。 5. 引導讓步狀語從句，“雖然，盡管”。as作此用法時，常與though，although比較。as 引導的讓步狀語從句，必須倒裝，把名詞（省略冠詞）、作表語的形容詞、副詞或動詞原形提到句首，用法與though相似，不同的是though引導的讓步狀語從句可以倒裝，可以不倒裝；although引導的讓步狀語從句不倒裝，且多置于句首。 如 Child as he is，he knows a lot.(名詞提到as之前，且省去冠詞)。 Much as he likes the bicycle，he won’t buy it.(副詞much提到句首) Improbable as it seems，it’s true.(作表語的形容詞提到句首) Object as you may，I’ll go.（情態動詞后的動詞原形提到句首） 6. as可譯為“隨著”，這時常與with辨析。 as為連詞，后須跟句子，with為介詞，后常用復合結構。 如 隨著時間的推移：as time goes by 或 with time going by 二、as用作介詞 1. as用作介詞時，意為“作為”。 如 As a teacher，he devoted himself to his students. 2. as有時可譯為“當……的時候”。 如 As a child，he preferred to be an artist, but he has changed his mind. 三、as用作代詞 1. as用作代詞時，常引導限定性定語從句。當先行詞前有such，the same修飾時，關系代詞常用as，譯為“……一類的人或物”，構成such...as...和the same...as...結構。 {1} 注意the same...as...和the same...that...的區別。 the same...as...“相同的”，指的是同一類，而非同一個；the same...that...“同樣的”，指的是同一個。 如 This is the same watch as I bought in the department store. 這塊表跟我在商店里買的一樣。（指的是同一類，并非同一塊） This is the same watch that I lost in the hotel yesterday. 這就是我昨天丟在旅店的表。（指同一塊表） {2} 注意such...as...與such...that...的區別。 such...as... 引導的是定語從句，as后的定語從句缺少主語或賓語等句子成分，而such...that...為結果狀語從句，that后必須是一個完整的句子，意為“如此……以至于……”。 如 The teacher set such a difficult problem as none of us worked out. (as后為定語從句，先行詞problem在定語從句中充當work out的賓語) The teacher set such a difficult problem that none of us worked it out. (that后為一個完整的句子，句意為老師問了一個如此難的問題，以至于我們都答不出來) 2. as可引導非限定性定語從句。 常用于下列結構：as we all know／as is known to us all 眾所周知 as is hoped／expected／announced... 正如希望／預料／宣布……的那樣 as is often the case 情況通常都是如此 as作此用法時，很容易與which引導的非限定性定語從句混淆。as引導的非限定性定語從句位置靈活，可置于句首，也可置于句中，且as有具體的含義“正如”，而which引導的非限定性定語從句只可置于句中，且which僅僅是一個引導詞，無具體含義。
如 As I explained on the phone，your request will be considered at the next meeting. 正如我在電話中解釋的那樣，你的請求在下次會議上將會被考慮。 Jim passed the driving test，which surprised everyone in the office. 吉姆通過了駕駛考試，這讓辦公室的每個人都很吃驚。 四、as...as...結構 as well as 和……一樣好，和，也 as(so)long as 和……一樣長，長達，只要 as much as 和……一樣多，多達，和……程度一樣 as soon as 和……一樣快，一……就 as far as 和……一樣遠，遠達，直到，就……，據…… 鞏固練習 1. _____，he talks a lot about his favourite singers after class. A. A quiet student as he may be B. Quiet student as he may be C. Be a quiet student as he may D. Quiet as he may be a student 2. The more I think about him，the more reasons I find for loving him _____ I did. A. as much as B. as long as C. as soon as D. as far as 3. _____，Carolina couldn’t get the door open. A. Try as she might B. As she might try C. She might as try D. Might she as try 4. _____ is reported in the newspaper，talks between the two countries are making progress. A. It B. As C. That D. What 5. I feel that one of my main duties _____ a teacher is to help the students to become better learners. A. for B. by C. as D. with 6. Babies sleep 16 to 18 hours in every 24 hours，and they sleep less _____ they grow older. A. while B. as C. when D. after 7. They expect the students to be responsible for the things they do，just as grown?鄄ups _____. A. will B. do C. can D. are 8. These houses are sold at such a low price _____ people expected. A. like B. as C. that D. which 9. He found it increasingly difficult to read，_____ his eyesight was beginning to fail. A. and B. for C. but D. or 10. A typhoon swept across this area with heavy rains and winds _____ strong as 113 miles an hour. A. too B. very C. so D. as 11. Pop music is such an important part of society _____ it has even influenced our language. A. as B. that C. which D. where 12. _____ his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting. A. Strange as might it sound B. As it might sound strange C. As strange it might sound D. Strange as it might sound 13. —How far apart do they live? —_____I know，they live in the same neighbourhood. A. As long as B. As far as C. As well as D. As often as 參考答案 1—5 BAABC 6—10 BDBBD11—13 BDB
moreover用法(2)
It is ... that/since/before等句型歸納
1.??為了突出或強調句中的某一成分以加強語氣,?英語中通常用 “It is +?被強調成分?+ that/who”結構，這一結構叫作強調結構。該結構中的?It 是無人崐稱主語,?沒有詞匯意義,僅起到改變句子結構,使某一成分受到強調的作用。如被崐強調的是物，用?that;?如被強調的是人,?用?who,?也可用?that。
強調結構中被強調的成分通常是句中的主語、賓語、地點狀語或時間狀語。例如下面一句,?我們可分別對其不同成分進行強調：
John wore a white suit at the dance last night.
1.It was John that/who wore a white suit at the dance last night.（強調主語）
2. It was a white suit that John wore at the dance last night. (強調賓語）
3. It was at the dance that John wore a white suit last night. (強調地點狀語）
4. It was last night that John wore a white suit at the dance.（強調時間狀語）
強調結構亦可用來強調某些狀語從句：
It was because he was ill that he didn"t come to school yesterday.（強調?because?引導的原因狀語從句）
It was only when the war was over in 1949 that he was able to get back home.??
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????(強調when?引導的時間狀語從句）
It was not until his father came back that he went to bed. (強調?until引導的時間狀語從句）
現談談強調結構中值得注意的幾個問題：
一.?強調結構中的時態問題
如果被強調的成分，原句謂語動詞是一般現在時或一般將來時，強調結構用?It is...that/who;?如果原句的謂語動詞是過去時態，則用 It was...that/who;?有時還可用?be?的其它形式。例如：
It is the people who/that are really powerful.
It was in the street that I met your brother yesterday.
It must be your mother who you are thinking of.
二.?強調結構中代詞的格和謂語人稱與數的問題
如果被強調的部分是原句的主語, that/who??后面的謂語在人稱和數上均應與原句主語一致,?不與?it?一致。例如：
It is you that/who are to blame.
It is I that am mistaken.
一般說來,?強調主格人稱代詞就用主格,?強調賓格人稱代詞就用賓格,?但有時被強調的格與原句中的格不一致。例如：
I met her in the street this morning.
It was her that I met in the street this morning.
????her?在原句中是?met?的賓語,??所以被強調時仍用賓格形式,?但也可用主格she?替換?her。例如：
It was she that I met in the street this morning.
這時,?說話者遵循傳統語法,?認為動詞?be?后面的代詞用主格,而不管這個代詞在原句中究竟是主格還是賓格。
強調主格時也有兩種情況,?尤其是在非正式的口語中常用賓格代替主格。例如：
They saved the drowning girl.
It was they who saved the drowning girl.
It was them who saved the drowning girl.
三.?強調結構中的一般疑問句和特殊疑問句問題
一般疑問句只需將?"It"?與?"is/was"?交換位置即可。例如：
Was it you that broke the window?
Was it here that you met him?
如強調疑問句,?需將疑問詞置于句首：
Who was it that called him "comrade"?
What is it that you are going to do?
When is it that they will leave?
四.?強調結構中的?that/who?在口語中常可省略：
It was you I thought of all the time.
It is here he must come.
It was John I gave the book to.
Was it in Chengdu you first met him?
What is it you want me to do?
五.?注意固定言語中的意思：
It is a wise father that knows his own child.聰明的父親往往也不了解自己的兒子。
It is a long lane that has no turning.?胡同不管怎樣長，總是要拐彎的。（天無絕人之路）
It is a long night that never finds the day.?漫漫長夜，總有拂曉時。
It is a silly fish that is caught twice.?任何魚都不會愚蠢到上兩次鉤。
2．?It is (high) time that…
該句型中的that可省略，從句謂語通常是動詞的過去式，也可用should +?動詞原形。相當于It is time for sb. to do sth.例如：
It is time that we went to school.
It is time I ought to leave now.
It’s high time that we should put an end to the controversy.
3．?It is + n.+ that…
該句型為主語從句。It為形式主語，真正的主語是that引導的從句。例如：
It is a pity that you didn’t see the film yesterday.
It is a wonder that he refused such a good offer.
It is common knowledge that the traffic situation there is deplorable.
用于該句型的名詞常見有：common knowledge, common sense, a good thing, an honor, a mercy, a pity, a pleasure, a shame, a surprise, a wonder等。
4．?It is + adj.+ that…
該句型為主語從句。It為形式主語，真正的主語也是由that引導的從句。例如：
It is certain that we shall be late.
It’s strange that he didn’t come yesterday.
Isn’t it strange that the lazy boy (should) pass the exam.
能用于該句型的形容詞常見的有：certain, clear, curious, disappointing, dreadful, fit, fortunate, frightening, funny, good, important, lucky, natural, necessary, obvious, peculiar, pleasing, possible, probable, proper, right, sad, surprising,????????? remarkable, unfortunate, unimportant, unnecessary, unusual, useless, well, wonderful, wrong, true等。that從句可用陳述語氣，也可用should +?動詞原型的虛擬語氣形式。用陳述語氣表示客觀事實；用虛擬語氣表示驚訝、喜悅、遺憾、失望等感情色彩或表示要求、建議、命令、愿望等。
5．?It is + p.p. + that…
該句型為主語從句。It為形式主語，真正的主語是that引導的從句。例如：
It was said that Mr. White had been writing a new TV play.
It is reported that the sports meet has been put off.
It has not been decided that when and where we ill hold the meeting.
能用于該句型的過去分詞常見的有：admitted, announced, believed, decided, demanded, disclosed, expected, found, hoped, reported, requested, said, seen, suggested, thought, told, unknown,等。
6．?It is…before…
該句型的is后可接long或一段時間。肯定句譯為“過多久…才…”；否定句譯為“沒多久…就…”。例如：
It was a long time before I got to sleep again.
It will be hours before he arrives here.
It was not long before he left his home town.
It will be five years before we meet again.
It wasn’t long before he told us about this affair.
It was evening before we reached the little town.
7．It is … since…
該句型表達“從……以來已經多久了”的意思。這一結構多用一般過去時，表示從過去某一時刻起到說話這一時刻止的這段時間的總和。時間的起點，無論是那種動詞，一律從since從句中的謂語動詞表示的動作的完成的那一刻算起。例如：
It is 15 years since the war ended.
It is just a week since we arrived here.
It is ten years since he left his home town.
It must be almost 5 years since we last met.
從句中可用現在完成時。例如：
It is three years since I’ve seen him. = It is three years since I saw him.
since從句如為延續性動詞，用一般過去時，表示“動作的結束”。例如：
It’s years since I enjoyed myself so much.
It is four years since she was a nurse.
How long is it since you were in London.
8．It is … when
該句型中when引導的是時間狀語從句，其前面是表示時間的詞作表語，強調句型中that前面被前調的是狀語。例如：
It was ten o’clock in the evening when he came back.
It is twelve o"clock at midnight when they arrived at a lovely village.
It was 2005 when he left his home town.
?
練習：
1.?????----He was nearly drowned once.
----When was____?
----____ was in 1998 when he was in middle school.
A. that, it??????????????????????B. this, This???????????????C. this, It???????????????????D. that, This
2.?????The Foreign Minister said “____ our hope that the two sides work towards peace.”
A. This?????????????????????????B. There is????????????????????C. That is????????????????????????????D. It is
3.??????It is almost five years ____ we saw each other last time.
A. before??????????????????????B. since????????????????????????C. after????????????????????????D. when
4.??????____ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of tour E-mail account.
A. What is required????????B. What requires???????????C. It is required?????????????D. It requires
5.??????It is pretty well understood ____ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.
A. that??????????????????????????B. when???????????????????????C. what????????????????????????D. how
6.??????It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life ____ we’ve actually had that lesson.
A. until?????????????????????????B. after?????????????????????????C. since????????????????????????D. when
7.??????I have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesn’t matter ____ I’m talking to.
A. who is it???????????????????B. who it is???????????????????C. it is who???????????????????D. it is whom
8.??????It is none of your business ____ other people think about you. Believe yourself.
A. how?????????????????????????B. what????????????????????????C. which??????????????????????D. when
9.??????----Did Jack come back early last night?
----Yes. It was not yet eight o’clock ____ he arrived home.
A. before??????????????????????B. when???????????????????????C. that until
10.??Scientists say it may be five or six years ____ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.
A. since????????????????????????B. after?????????????????????????C. before??????????????????????D. when
11.??He was told that it would be at least three more months ____ he could recover and return to work.
A. when???????????????????????B. before??????????????????????C. since????????????????????????D. that
12.??It was evening ____ we reached the little town of Winchester.
A. that??????????????????????????B. until?????????????????????????C. since????????????????????????D. before
13.??The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time ____ we meet them again.
A. after????????????????????????B. before??????????????????????C. since????????????????????????D. when
14.??Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer ____ it was 20 years ago, ___, it was so poorly equipped.
A. what, when?????????????????????B. that, which???????????????C. what, which?????????????D. which, that
15.??That was really a splendid evening. It is years ____ I enjoyed myself so much.
A. when???????????????????????B. that??????????????????????????C. since????????????????????????D. since
16.??It was some time ____ we realized the truth.
A. when???????????????????????B. until?????????????????????????C. since????????????????????????D. before
17.??____ has been announced, we shall have our final exam next month.
A. That????????????????????????B. As????????????????????????????C. It?????????????????????????????D. What
18.??I’m afraid I’m not fit for the job, as it is one ____ requires lots of patience.
A. who?????????????????????????B. that??????????????????????????C. what????????????????????????D. where
19.??It is high time ____ I went back home.
A. on which??????????????????B. which??????????????????????C. when???????????????????????D. X
20.??----Was it midnight ____ you arrived home by taxi?
----I’m afraid so.
A. that??????????????????????????B. at which???????????????????C. the time????????????????????D. when
21.??It was several years ____ I finally realized ____ you enjoyed and built on those abilities.
A. when, that????????????????B. that, when????????????????C. before, that???????????????D. until, why
22.??It is not yet pretty well understand ____ made the rainforest disappear year by year.
A. what????????????????????????B. which??????????????????????C. that??????????????????????????D. how
23.??____ sometimes keeps her awake at night ____ Tom is getting more and more quiet at home.
A. That, which?????????????????????B. It, that??????????????????????C. Whether, what??????????D. What, that
24.??____ worries me the way he keeps changing his mind.
A. This?????????????????????????B. That?????????????????????????C. What???????????????????????D. It
25.??It was in this park ____ they met for the first time ____ the old couple told us their unforgettable experience.
A. where, that???????????????B. that, that???????????????????C. where, when????????????D. that, when
26.??Why! I have nothing to confess. ____ you want me to try.
A. What is it that???????????B. What it is that???????????C. How is it that????????????D. How it is that
27.??It was drinking ____ cost the man a lot of money ____ he ought to have spent on his family.
A. that, that??????????????????B. what, what???????????????C. that, what?????????????????D. what, that
28.??It is no wonder ____ he has succeeded.
A. when???????????????????????B. what????????????????????????C. which??????????????????????D. that
29.??----Where did you meet Joan?
----It was in the hotel ___she stayed.
A. that??????????????????????????B. where??????????????????????C. which??????????????????????D. there
30.?Is it good to look up every new word ____ I came across it in reading?
A. when???????????????????????B. before??????????????????????C. that??????????????????????????D. where
?
?
1------5 A D B C C????6-----10 A B B B C
11---15 B C B A D????16----20 D B B D D
21---25 B A B D A????26----30 A A D B A
moreover用法(3)
Since
副詞： ad （常用于現在完成時或過去完成時）
例：She left school three years ago and has worked as a nurse ever since.
她三年前畢業,從那時起便一直當護士。
介詞： prep （常用于現在完成時或過去完成時）自·..以來，從·..至今，自從
I haven"t heard from him since last year.
我自去年以來未曾收到過他的信。
連詞： conj 翻譯為自·.. 以后，自·..以來。
1.(常用于現在完成時或過去完成時)自...以來,從...至今
It"s been ten years since they married.
他們結婚到現在已經十年了。
She has been living a hard life since her husband died.
她自從丈夫死后,一直過著艱苦的生活。
2.既然;因為,由于
He must have taken the book since it isn"t here.
他一定是把書拿走了,因為書已不在這里了。
Since it is so hot, let"s go swimming.
既然天氣這么熱,我們去游泳吧。
Since 的用法
since +過去一個時間點要求：謂v.用現在完成時，而且須是延續性動詞。 (如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點、1980, last month, half past six)。
I have been here since 1989.
since +一段時間+ ago要求：謂v.用現在完成時，而且須是延續性動詞。
I have been here since five months ago.
since +從句 （狀從）要求：主句的謂v.用現在完成時，而且須是延續性動詞；從句的謂v.用一般過去時，而且須是終止性動詞。
Great changes have taken place since you left.
It is /has been+一段時間+ since從句. 要求：主句的謂v.用一般現在時或現在完成時；從句的謂v.用一般過去時，而且須是終止性動詞。
It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.
since作連詞引導時間狀語從句的用法
一、若since引導的狀語從句的謂語動詞是終止性的過去時，則從句表示的時間是“從動作開始的那一時刻起”。如：
He has studied very hard since he came to our school.自從他來到我們學校，他學習就非常努力。
We have been missing them since they left here自從他們離開這里，我們就一直很想念他們。
二、若since引導的狀語從句的謂語動詞是持續性動詞或表示狀態的動詞的過去時時，則從句表示的時間是“從那持續動作或狀態結束時算起”。如：
I haven’t heard any noise since I slept. Sleep 為持續性動詞，sleep的動作結束時，即“醒來”時，這句應譯為“我醒后還未聽到任何聲音”。
John is now with his parents in New York, it is already three years since he was a teacher約翰現在和父母一起住在紐約，他不當教師已經三年了。
比較：He has written to me frequently since I was ill.自從我病愈以來，他屢次給我寫信。（從句謂語為狀態動詞）
He has written to me frequently since I fell ill.自從我生病以來，他就屢次給我寫信。（從句謂語為終止性動詞）
三、若since引導的狀語從句的謂語為持續性動詞的現在完成時，則表示動作和狀態延續到現在（說話時刻），其表示的時間的起點應從動作發生之時算起。如：
I haven’t heard from him since he has lived there。
這里has lived表示動作的持續性，時間的起點應從：“開始居住”時算起。因此此句可理解為“自從他（開始）住在那兒起，我就一直沒收到他的來信”
注：當since用于否定句時，主句的謂v.可以是終止性動詞。如 He hasn’t seen the film since last month.
相關詞組：“從那時起”：ever since、since then、from then on. 注：ever since作為一個詞組，放句尾可單獨使用。如I have given up smoking ever since. 另外，還可在since后接句子。since前加ever，只是加重語氣而已。如 I have given up smoking ever since I caught a bad cough.
since還可引導原因狀語從句，譯作“由于；因為”，相當于because。如 Since he was lazy, he didn’t finish his homework.
as, because, for, since區別
這些連詞均含有“因為”之意。
since語意比because弱，但比as強，一般用于表示"由于大家已知的事實"。
as
從屬連詞，語意較because, since弱，著重在主句，所表示的原因或理由是"附帶的"。
because
從屬連詞，語意強，著重直接的原因或理由，所引出的從句是全句的重心，用以回答why提出的問題。
for
并列連詞，語氣較弱，所引出的句子一般放在后面，表示附帶說明的理由或推斷理由。
Asadv.同樣地，一樣地； 例如
prep.作為，以…的身份； 如同
conj.像，像…一樣； 由于； 同時，當…時； 盡管
as作副詞，表示程度，意為“同樣地”。在“as．．．as．．．”，“not as．．．as．．．”結構中的第一個as是副詞，作“和／與．．．(不)一樣”解。
eg：Jack is as tall as his father．杰克和他的父親一樣高。
as作介詞。
1、作“如，像”解。eg：They got united as one man．他們團結得像一個人一樣。
2．作“充當，作為”解。eg：As a writer，he was famous．作為作家，他是很有名的。
as作連詞，常用于狀語從句。
1．引導時間狀語從句，作“當．．．的時候”解，有“隨著．．．”之意，與while意義相近、強調兩個動作同時發生；或某事一發生，另一事立即發生。
eg：He shouted aloud as her ran along．他一邊往前跑，一邊高聲地呼喊。
I was startled as he opened the door．他一開門，我嚇了一跳。
as作連詞，相當于when。eg；As a little boy (When he was a little boy)he began to learn to play piano．他小時候就開始學彈鋼琴。
2．引導原因狀語從句，作“因為，由于”解，與because的用法相近。
eg；I must stop writing now，as I have rather a lot of work to do．我必須停筆了，因為我還有許多工作要做。
3．引導方式狀語從句或比較狀語從句，作“正如，(如)像”解。
eg：As in your country，we grow wheat in the north and rice in the south．正如(像)你們國家一樣，我們在北方種小麥，在南方種大米。(方式狀語從句)
When at Rome，do as Romans do．入鄉隨俗。(方式狀語從句)
4．引導讓步狀語從句，作“雖然，盡管”解。這時從句常用倒裝語序，即把從句中的表語、狀語或動詞原形放在as之前
eg；Strange as it may seem，it is true．盡管這事看上去很奇怪，但卻是真的。
Try as he might，Tom could not get out of the difficulties．不管怎樣努力，湯姆還是擺脫不了困境。
含as的固定詞組的用法
1．as soon as作“一…就”解，引導時間狀語從句。
eg：As soon as I get to Beijing，I"ll write to you．我一到北京，就給你寫信。
2．as／so long as作“只要”解
eg；As／So long as you study hard，you"ll make progress．只要你努力，你就會取得進步。
3．as if／though常用來引導方式狀語從句，作“好像，仿佛”解。如果從句中講的是非真實情況，則用虛擬語氣。
eg：She loves the child as if／though he were her own．她愛這個孩子如同愛自己的孩子。
As if／though也可用來引導表語從句，常用在“It appears／looks／seems．．．+as if／though”句型結構中。eg；It appears as if／though it is going to clear up．看起來天要晴了。
It seems as if／though he knew nothing about it.他好像對此事一無所知。
4．as to作“關于，至于”解。
eg；There is no doubt as to his honesty．他的誠實是無可置疑的。
5．as much／many as作“多達．．．”，“達到．．．之多”解。eg：
He can earn as much as 5000 dollars a month．他每月能掙5000美元。
6．so／as far as I know作“就我所知”解，在句中作插入語（作文中經常用到）
eg：As／So far as I know，he will come here next Monday．據我所知，他將于下星期一到這里來。
7．as a result，as a result of表示“由于．．．的結果”。eg：
She died as a direct result of the accident．她的死是那次事故的直接結果。
8，as well為“也，還”之意。
eg：Come early，and bring your brother as well．早點來，把你的弟弟也帶來。
9．so as to，so．．．as to若跟動詞原形，表示目的或結果。eg：
He studied hard so as to pass the exam．他努力學習以便通過考試。(表示目的)
as……as
AS +adj(原級)+AS
AS +adv(原級)+AS
as soon as 一……就
as soon as possible 盡可能快地
as early as possible 盡可能早的
as carefully as you can 盡可能認真地
as careful as you can 盡可能認真的
so...as 一般用于否定句,as...as 一般用于肯定句,(肯定否定都能用)
so...as不可用于肯定句.as...as與so...as均可表示"與……一樣",as...as...的用法:兩個as中間可以加形容詞或者副詞,由它要修飾的內容決定.
moreover用法(4)
With的復合結構with的復合結構可以看成一種獨立結構，可以表示背景、方式、原因或條件等。
結構一：with + 名詞 / 代詞 + 形容詞/副詞/介詞短語，強調名詞（代詞）的特性或狀態。
（一） He used to sleep with all the windows open.
他過去常常開著所有窗子睡覺。
（二） I think we can leave with our heads held high.
我認為我們都可以昂著頭離開。
（三） The teacher came in with a book in his hand.
老師進來了，手里拿著一本書。
結構二：with + 名詞/代詞 + 分詞
（一） with + 名詞/代詞 + 現在分詞，表示分詞與名詞或代詞之間為主動關系或強調動作正在進行。
She stood there chatting with her friend, with her child playing beside her．
她站在那兒跟朋友閑聊，孩子在旁邊玩。
With you helping me whenever I’m in trouble, I feel very obliged to you．
無論我什么時候遇到困難你總是幫助我，真是太感激你了
（二） with + 名詞/代詞 + 過去分詞，表示分詞與名詞或代詞之間為被動關系或強調動作已經發生。
The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.
殺人犯被帶了進來，手被捆在背后。
With everything she needed bought, Grace took a taxi home.
所需要的都買好后，格雷斯打的回家。
結構三：with + 名詞/代詞 + 動詞不定式，強調動作尚未發生。
With 10 minutes to go, you’d better hurry.
還有十分鐘，你最好快一點。
With you to lead us, our group is sure to succeed.
有你領導我們，我們組肯定能成功。
文章來源：百度文庫李立國>
moreover用法(5)
2. 用于“ here ,there，now，then , in，out，up，down，away, off, over, back
等副詞開頭的句子里，以表示強調。如：
Here comes the bus. Here it is. Out he rushed.
There goes the bell. Now comes your turn.
Out went the children.
注意：（ 1 ）主語是代詞時，主語和謂語不倒裝。
（ 2 ） here ， there 放在句首通常用一般現在時。
there/here引導的倒裝句，當主語是指物的名詞時，采用全部倒裝，
如The bus comes here.為正常順序。
Here comes the bus；
主語是人稱代詞時用第二種形式部分倒裝
倒裝句用法
倒裝句的意義和分類：英語的基本語序是“主語+謂語”。但有些場合是“謂語+主語”。這種語法現象稱為倒裝。整個謂語被放在主語的前面，稱為完全倒裝。例如：
There goes the bell. 鈴響了。
Under a big tree sat a boy reading a book.大樹下坐著一個男孩在讀書。
謂語的一部分（系動詞、助動詞或情態動詞）放在主語的前面，其余的部分仍在主語之后，稱為部分倒裝。
例如：
Not until 10 o"clock will the library open. 直到十點種圖書館才開門。
倒裝的目的：
語法結構的需要：通常疑問句、there be 結構等需要用倒裝句。例如：
Was the Communist Party of China founded in 1921? 中國共產黨是1921年成立的嗎？
There stants a bridge across the river. 河上有座橋。
Where are you going? 你上哪去？
語法修飾的需要：倒裝句可以起強調作用，加強語氣。例如：
Still greater contributions should we make to our motherland. 我們應該對祖國作出更大的貢獻。（強調賓語）
Such is the case. 情況就是這樣。（強調表語）
Now comes your turn. 現在該輪到你了。（強調狀語）
Up went the model plane. 那架航模飛機飛起來了。（強調狀語
moreover用法(6)
but 的用法
甘肅 王曰福
but 一詞既可作連詞、介詞、副詞用，又有一些習慣搭配和固定用法，現對其用法作以下歸納。
一、用作連詞
1. 用作等立連詞，使其前后的詞、短語、分句相互對照，作“但是，然而，可是”解。例如：
She is young but very experienced. 她雖然年輕但經驗豐富。
2. 用于表示歉意的話語之后，表示謝絕或不贊成。例如：
I"m sorry, but I disagree with you. 對不起，我不同意你的意見。
3. 用于兩個并列的分句之間，與前面的否定詞形成對比，作“無……而不……”解。例如：
It never rains but it pours. 不雨則已，一雨傾盆。
I never go past that house but I think of my miserable life in the old society.
我走過那所房子時，沒有一次不想起我在舊社會所過的悲慘生活。
二、用作介詞
1. 與 no ， nobody ， nothing ， none ， who 等詞連用，作“除……之外”解，用來排除同類中的一分子，或從整體中除去一部分。例如：
Nobody knew her but me. 除我以外，沒有人認識她。
Nothing but disaster would come from such a plan.
這個計劃只能帶來災難，別無益處。
2. but 前面有 do 的某種形式時， but 后面的動詞不定式要省略 to ；其前沒有 do 的某種形式時， but 后面的不定式要帶 to 。例如：
We had no choice but to wait.
除了等待，我們別無選擇。
He did nothing all day long but watch TV.
一整天，他除了看電視，別無他事可做。
3. 與 last ， next 及 one ， two 等連用，作“倒數第二、第三”等解。例如：
Jack was the last but one to arrive.
杰克是倒數第二個到達的。
三、用作副詞
1. 意思上相當于 only ，后面跟名詞或動詞。例如：
Tom is but a child. 湯姆只是個孩子。
We can but try now. 我們現在只有嘗試一遍。
2. but 出現在 too … to …結構前面時，不定式含肯定意義。例如：
I"m but too glad to go there with you.
我非常高興和你一起去那里。
四、含 but 的習慣用語
1. but for ＝ without ，意為“要不是；如果沒有”，意思上相當于一個虛擬條件句。例如：
But for the rain (If it hadn"t rained), we would have had a pleasant journey.
要不是天下雨，我們這次旅行就愜意了。
But for your help, we couldn"t have carried out the plan.
如果沒有你的幫助，我們不可能實現那個計劃。
2. but that = except that ，意為“若非；要不是”，引導虛擬條件狀語從句。例如：
He would have helped me but that he was short of money at that time.
要不是他那時候沒錢，他會幫助我的。
3. but then = on the other hand ，意為“不過；在另一方面”。例如：
London is a noisy place, but then it"s also a place where you get the best entertainment.
倫敦是個鬧市，不過它也是能夠給你最好娛樂的地方。
4. nothing but = only ，意為“只；不過是”。例如：
We could see nothing but water. 我們只能看見水。
5. not … but …意為“不是……而是……”，連接兩個并列的名詞、形容詞、副詞、短語或分句等。例如：
My bag is not black but red.
我的書包不是黑色的而是紅色的。
He failed not because he isn"t clever but because he didn"t work hard.
他失敗了，不是因為他不聰明而是因為他工作不努力。
6. no … but 意為“沒有……不……”。例如：
No child but likes Old Li in our village.
沒有孩子不喜歡我們村里的老李。
7. not only … but also … 意為“不但……而且……；既……又……”，連接兩個并列成分。例如：
Not only you but also she has to attend the meeting.
不但你而且她也得參加這次會議。
He not only teaches us English but also does other things for us.
他不但教我們英語，而且還為我們干別的事情。
8. not that … but that …意為“不是因為……而是因為……”。例如：
Not that the car is out of order, but that I"ve not learned to drive.
不是汽車出了故障，而是我還沒有學會開車。
9. can"t help but do … 意為“不能不……；忍不住……”。例如：
I can"t help but cry. 我忍不住哭了。
10. all but 意為“除……外全都，幾乎”。例如：
All but mother in my family can speak English.
除母親外，我的一家人都會說英語。
His theory is all but correct. 他的理論幾乎是正確的。
11. anything but 意為“不見得，決不”。例如：
He is anything but a good headmaster. 他不見得是個好校長。
This car is anything but beautiful. 這輛小汽車根本不漂亮。
12. but now 意為“剛剛，適才”。例如：
I saw him in the office but now. 我剛剛看見他在辦公室。
I heard the commander talk about you but now.
適才聽得司令講到您。
13. can (or could) but 意為“只能，只好”。例如：
His father can but know a few letters.
他的父親只能認幾個字母。
The old lady could but walk slowly with a stick.
那個老太太只能拄著拐杖慢慢地朝前走。
14. can (or could) not but 意為“不得不，忍不住”。例如：
I could not but tell him about it.
我不得不告訴他這件事。
Seeing her husband"s funny face, she could not but laugh.
看見丈夫的滑稽面孔，她忍不住大笑起來。
15. cannot (or could not) choose but 意為“不得不，必須”。例如：
They could not choose but obey. 他們除了服從外別無選擇。
16. never … but 意為“每當……就……”。例如：
He never sees Miss Wang but he thinks of his friend, Xiao Ya.
每當見到王女士時，他就想起他的朋友小雅來。
Her brother never comes, but he asks her for money.
她兄弟來時，總是向她要錢。
17. next but one 意為“再下一個”。例如：
They used to live in the next house but one to me.
他們住在我隔壁的隔壁。
18. no one but 意為“除了……外，誰也不”。例如：
No one but a madman would say such words. 除了瘋子，誰也不會說這樣的話。
19. not so … (such a … ) but (that) …意為“沒有到（不能……）”。例如：
His English is not so bad but he can make himself understood.
他的英語還不至于差到不能把自己的意思講清楚的地步。
I"m not so foolish (not such a fool) but (that) I can see what he really meant.
我還沒有笨到聽不懂他話中的真正含義的地步。
?
moreover用法(7)
冠詞用法專項練習與解析?
I.冠詞填空：在下列句中空白處填入適當冠詞，不需用冠詞處劃×。???
1．There?is?_______?picture?of_______?elephant?on?_______?wall．???
2．This?is?_______?useful?book．I"ve?read?it?for?_______?hour．??
?
3．?_______?elephant?is?much?heavier?than?_______?horse．???
4．?_______?doctor?told?him?to?take_______?medicine?three?times?_______?day．???
5．Let"s?go?out?for?_______?walk．??
?
6．It"s?too?hot．Open_______?door，please．??
?
7．There?is?_______?woman?over?there．?_______?woman?is?Meimei"s?mother．???
8．?_______?sun?rises?in_______?east．??
?
9．?_______?Changjiang?River?is_______?longest?river?in?_______?China．???
10．Are?you?going?to?do?it?_______?second?time？???
11．Washington?is?_______?capital?of?_______?USA．??
?
12．?_______?Turners?are?living?at?the?end?of?_______?Turner?Street．???
13．He?joined?the?army?in?_______?spring?of?_______?1995．??
?
14．?_______?old?man?is_______?teacher．He?likes?playing_______?basketball?after?_______?supper．??
?
15．After?I?had?_______?quick?breakfast，I?hurried?to?school．???
16．Are?_______?sheep?kept?by_______?farmers?for?producing?_______?wool?and?_______?meat？??
?
17．They?went?to?_______?People"s?Park，but?we?both?went?to?_______?People"s?Cinema?yesterday．??
?
18．I?often?watch?_______?TV?in_______?evening．??
?
19．?_______?day?of?_______?December?20，1999?is?Monday．???
20．Tomorrow?is?_______?Christmas?Day?and?my?father?and?I?went?to?choose?_______?Christmas?tree?today．??
?
21．I?think?_______?maths?is?more?important?than?any?other?subject．???
22．He?often?goes?to?_______?school?by?_______?bike．???
23．What?does?this?_______?word?mean，?_______?Father？???
24．What?_______?important?news！???
II.選擇填空。??
?
1．—Does?Jim?have?_______?ruler？???
—Yes，he?has?_______?．??
?
A．an；some?B．a；one?C．a；／?D．any；one?
?
2．There?is?_______?old?bike．?_______?old?bike?is?Mr?Zhao"s．???
A．an?；The?B．the；An?C．a；The?D．the；The???
3．?_______?apple?a?day?keeps?the?doctors?aw?ay．???
A．The?B．A?C．An?D．Two???
4．—How?many?books?do?you?have？??
?
—I?have?_______?book．That"s?_______?English?book．???
A．a；an?B．a；one?C．one；an?D．one；one???
5．At?that?time?Tom?was_______?one-year-old?baby．???
A．a?B．an?C．the?D．／??
?
6．?_______?tiger?is?_______?China．???
A．The；a?B．A；the?C．The；from?D．The；the???
7．We?can"t?see?_______?sun?at_______?night．???
A．the；the?B．the；／?C．a；／?D．／；／??
?
8．?_______?useful?book?it?is！??
?
A．What?an?B．How?a?C．What?a?D．What??
?
9．One?afternoon?he?found_______?handbag．There?was?_______?“s”on?the?corner?of?_______?handbag．??
?
A．a；an；the?B．a；a；the?C．an；an；an?D．the；a；a??
?
10．?_______?old?lady?with?white?hair?spoke?_______?English?well?at?_______?meeting．???
A．An；an；a?B．The；／；an?C．The；／；a?D．The；／；the???
11．?_______?Great?Wall?is_______?longest?wall?in?the?world．???
A．A；a?B．The；the?C．A；the?D．The；a??
?
12．?_______?new?bridge?has?been?built?over?Huangpu?River．???
A．The；a?B．A；／C．A；the?D．An；the??
?
13．?_______?woman?over?there?is_______?popular?teacher?in?our?school．???
A．A；an?B．The；a?C．The；the?D．A；the??
?
14．He?used?to?be?_______?teacher?but?later?he?turned?_______?writer．???
A．a；a?B．a；the?C．／；a?D．a；／???
15．They?made?him?_______?king．??
?
A．a?B．the?C．an?D．／???
16．His?father?is?_______?English?teacher．He?works?in?our?school．??
A．a?B．an?C．the?D．／???
17．Is?he?_______?American?boy?？???
A．an?B．a?C．one?D．／??
?
18．Does?Tom?often?play?_______?football?after?_______?school？???
A．／；／?B．／；the?C．the；／?D．a；／??
?
19．They?passed?our?school?_______?day?before?yesterday．???
A．an?B．one?C．a?D．the??
?
20．Australia?is?_______?English-speaking?country．???
A．a?B．an?C．the?D．／??
?
21．She?has?_______?orange?skirt．?_______?skirt?is?nice．???
A．a；The?B．an；The?C．an；A?D．the；The???
22．This?is?_______?apple．It"s?_______?big?apple．???
A．an；a?B．a；the?C．a；an?D．an；the???
23．Look?at?_______?horse?over?there．???
A．a?B．an?C．the?D．／??
?
24．Don"t?play?_______?basketball?here．It"s?dangerous．???
A．a?B．an?C．／D．the??
?
25．There?is?_______?old?woman?in?the?car．???
A．／?B．the?C．a?D．an??
?
26．Beijing?is?_______?beautiful?city．It"s?_______?capital?of?China．???
A．a；a?B．the；the?C．／；the?D．a；the???
27．Shanghai?is?in?_______?east?of?China．???
A．／?B．an?C．a?D．the??
?
28．I"ve?been?a?student?there?for?nearly?two?and?_______?half?years．???
A．a?B．an?C．the?D．／??
?
29．Bill?is?_______?English?teacher．He?likes?playing?_______?football．???
A．a；the?B．an；the?C．a；／?D．an；／??
?
30．The?museum?is?quite?far．It?will?take?you?half?_______?hour?to?get?there?by_______?bus．???
A．an；／?B．an；a?C．a；／?D．／；／??
初中英語冠詞用法專項練習答案與詳解???
I．1．a；an；the??
?
2．a；an。第一個空的a是泛指，第二個空的an是指“一小時”。??
?
3．An；a。這兩個空都是泛指，故都用不定冠詞。???
4．The；the；a。前兩個空都是特指，故填the；后一個空中的a相當于every或each，three?times?a?day意為“一天三次”。???
5．a。go?out?for?a?walk意為“出去散步”。???
6．the??
?
7．a；The。前者泛指，后者特指。??
?
8．The；the。第一個空用the表示太陽是世界上獨一無二的物體；第二個空用the是因為在方位詞的前面一般用定冠詞。??
?
9．The；the，×。第一空用the是因為在河流名稱的前面用定冠詞；第二空用the是因為在形容詞最高級前面用定冠詞；第三空“零”冠詞是因為專有名詞前一般不加冠詞。???
10．a。a?second?time意為“再一次”、“另一次”。the?second?time意為“第二次”。此句填a是表示動作的重復，而不能用the（表順序）。??
?
11．the；the。第一個the是特指美國的首都。第二個the是在由普通名詞構成的專有名詞前應加定冠詞。??
?
12．The。“the?＋姓氏的復數”表示“一家人”或“夫妻二人”。由普通名詞構成的專有名詞前應加the。??
?
13．the；×。表示在某一年的季節名稱前應加定冠詞。??
?
14．The?a；×；×。在球類名稱前不加冠詞。泛指的三餐名稱前不加冠詞。???
15．a。三餐名稱前若有形容詞，則可在形容詞前加冠詞，此處是泛指，故用a。?
??16．×；×；×；×。此句意為“農民養羊是為了產毛和肉嗎？”前兩個空也可填定冠詞，意為：“那些農民養的那些羊是為了產毛和肉嗎？”???
17．the；the。普通名詞構成的專有名詞前應加the。??
?
18．×；the。TV前不加冠詞。“早、午、晚”名詞前加冠詞。???
19．The；×；×。第一空是特指。日期名詞前不加冠詞。???
20 ×；a21．×。學科名稱前一般不加冠詞。???
22．×；×。go?to?school上學。by?bike騎自行車。???
23．×；×。指示代詞不能與定冠詞連用。???
24 ×。注意news是不可數名詞，故不能加a。???
II．??
?
1．B。第一空是泛指；第二空的one是不定代詞，用以替代前面的ruler。???
2．A??
?
3．C。這是一句諺語，意思是“一天吃一個蘋果，用不著看醫生。”??
?
4．C。one強調數量，用以回答“Howmany．．．？”問句；第二個空是泛指，故用an。???
5．A。one雖以元音字母開頭，但以輔音音素［w］開頭，故填a。???
6．C。此句意為：“這只老虎來自中國。”??
?
7．B。在“太陽、月亮、地球”的前面一般都加定冠詞the；at?night“在夜晚”，注意該短語中沒有冠詞。???8 C??
?
9．A。“s”雖為輔音字母，但卻以元音音素［e］開頭，故填an。??
?
10．D。第一個空填the，是特指那個“白發老太太”；第二個空不填冠詞，是因為在語言名稱前面一般不加冠詞。English后面如有language，就得說the?English?language。“在會議上”應為at?the?meeting。??
?
11．B。the?Great?Wall長城。??
?
12．C。第一個空是泛指，用a；第二個空是河流名稱，故用the。??
?
13．B。第一個空：“那邊的那個婦女”，是特指；第二個空是指那個婦女的身份、職業，是泛指。??
?
14．D。第一個空是泛指；第二個空用“零冠詞”是因為turn后面的名詞前一般都不加冠詞。???
15．D。表示某人的職位時可用“零冠詞”。???
16．B17．A?18．A。after?school放學以后。???
19．D。the?day?before?yesterday前天。???
20．B21．B。第一空泛指，第二空特指。???
22．A。兩個空都是泛指。???
23．C???
24．C???
25．D???
26．D??
?
27．D。in?the?east?of在某地區（內）的東部。??
?
28．A。two?and?a?half?years也可說成two?years?and?a?half，意思都是“兩年半”。???29 D???
30 A。half?an?hour半小時，by?bus乘公共汽車。?
moreover用法(8)
一、as if 從句的作用
1． 在look, seem 等系動詞后引導表語從句。
如： She looks as if she were ten years younger．
她看起來好像年輕了十歲。
It seems as if our team is going to win．
看來我們隊要勝了。
2． 引導方式狀語從句。
如： She loves the boy as if he were her father．
她愛這男孩，就好像他是她的父親一樣。
The child talked to us as if he were a grow-up．
那孩子跟我們談起話來，像個成年人似的。
二、as if 還可用于省略句中如果as if 引導的從句是“主語+系動詞”結構，可省略主語和系動詞，這樣as if 后就只剩下名詞、不定式、形容詞（短語）、介詞短語或分詞。
如：
He acts as if （he were） a fool．
他做事像個傻子。
Tom raised his hands as if （he was going） to say something．
湯姆舉起手好像要說什么。
She left the room hurriedly as if （she were）angry．
她匆忙離開房間好像生氣的樣子。
三、as if 從句的語氣及時態
1． as if 從句用陳述語氣的情況。 當說話者認為句子所述的是真實的或極有可能發生或存在的事實時。
如：
It sounds as if it is raining．
聽起來像是在下雨。
He talks as if he is drunk．
從他談話的樣子來看他是醉了。
2．as if 從句用虛擬語氣的情況。 當說話人認為句子所述的是不真實的或極少有可能發生或存在的情況時。從句虛擬語氣動詞時態的形式如下：
（1）如果從句表示與現在事實相反，謂語動詞用一般過去時。
如： You look as if you didn’ t care．
你看上去好像并不在乎。
He talks as if he knew where she was．
他說話的樣子，好像他知道她在哪里似的。
（2）從句表示與過去事實相反，謂語動詞用“had+過去分詞”。
如： He talks about Rome as if he had been there before．
他說起羅馬來好像他以前去過羅馬似的。
The girl listened as if she had been turned to stone．
那女孩傾聽著，一動也不動，像已經變成了石頭似的。
（3）從句表示與將來事實相反，謂語動詞用“would/could/might+動詞原形”。
如： He opened his mouth as if he would say something．
他張開嘴好像要說什么。
It looks as if it might snow．
看來好像要下雪了。
(4)as if 后面可以接陳述語氣和虛擬語氣，如果句子的情況是真實的，那么只要保持時態一致即可，如果后面接的并非真實情況，則要按照虛擬語氣規則把句子形式改變（簡單說就是時態倒退原則）。
(5) as if 在俚語中能表示反諷，功能類似"like"，舉例：As if / Like you are going to do the dishes；"like"不能獨立成句，但as if 能（完整句子為：as if that/it is true.），例子：甲：She said she would help me with the project. 乙：As if！
