解析苔絲悲劇苔絲簡介2篇
解析苔絲悲劇苔絲簡介(1)
The tragedy of Tess（苔絲的悲劇）
“Tess of the d"Urbervilles ” is generally regarded as Hardy"s finest novel. A brilliant tale of seduction, love, betrayal, and murder, Tess of the d"Ubervilles yields to narrative convention by punishing Tess"s sin, but boldly exposes this standard denouement of unforgiving morality as cruelly unjust. Throughout, Hardy characterizes Tess as a daughter of nature who endures the brutality of industrialism through the people and circumstances in her life. Using specific language, character depiction, and story development, Hardy provides a strong argument against the urban movement by showing the reader its harsh effects on the agrarian lifestyle. The novel centers around a young woman who struggles to find her place in society.
Tess is a beautiful,intelligent and distinguished woman.But those advantages do not take her happiness or good lucky. It didn"t like Jane Eyrea good ending the satisfaction of all with the help of oversea colony"s money. In her life is full of Suffering and Unfortunate.Who and what couse the tragedy of Tess? I think there are four factors.
At first of all, Tess is the tragedy of the times. Tess was living in the late nineteenth century .At that time, British capitalism begin invading rural. This Phenomenon sets conflicting betweeting country and city. In part, Tess represents the changing role of the agricultural workers in England in the late nineteenth century. Hardy shows that life as a maiden begins in the natural country and ends in the brutal city. Tess"s life begins in the rural secluded town of Marlott where the country atmosphere allows her to grow into a virtuous caring young girl. In contrast, Tess"s downfall occurs in the city. Towards the end of the tale, when Tess is once again in Alec"s possession, negative consequences ensue. She murders Alec in the city of Sandbourne that was like a "fairy place suddenly created by the stroke of a wand." (Pg. 296) The suddenness with which the city is created parallels the quick actions of Tess in murdering Alec d"Urberville. In both scenarios it seems like there was no thought before the action was orchestrated. Once Tess is put to death in the city, the harsh realities of justice and punishment remind the reader of Hardy"s pessimistic view of industrialism. Hardy purposely begins and ends Tess"s life in such a manner to show her as a sacrifice of rural landscape to the urban movement. Through his portrayal of Tess, Hardy is able to use her entire being to make his negative attitude towards urbanity known.
Many people in England were forced to make sacrifices during the industrial revolution. Through language, character depiction, and specific scenes in the novel, Hardy illustrates the harsh effects of industrialism on certain agrarian lifestyles. He shows the reader that the commercialism and emphasis on modernistic ways of life did not fall well with all the people in the land. The substitute of machinery to manual labor came at a heavy price for the beautiful English land and the families who inhabited it. Hardy allows his readers to see that progress may not always be a positive occurrence and good intentions may cause dire consequences.
At the beginning of stoy,Tess is a naive country girl. She is primarily a daughter of nature upon whom urbanity will leave its lasting marks. but one day , When her fathe discovere that the low-class Durbeyfield family is in reality the d"Urbervilles,he want Tess to recognizes the relative. Because the family circumstances are poor.tess complies by unvoluntary,even if she feels very ashamed.In there she meets master’s son Alec d’Urberville,who plays a character as chief criminal in her tragic life.
An insouciant twenty-four-year-old man, heir to a fortune, and bearer of a name that his father purchased, Alec is the nemesis and downfall of Tess’s life. His first name, Alexander, suggests the conqueror—as in Alexander the GreatZ，who seizes what he wants regardless of moral propriety. His full last name, Stoke-d’Urberville, symbolizes the split character of his family, whose origins are simpler than their pretensions to grandeur. After all, Stokes is a blunt and inelegant name.At the very end of the novel,he becomes a reverent Christian On surface.But when he remeeting Tess, he quickly abandons his newfound Christian faith. It is hard to believe Alec holds his religion, or anything else, sincerely. His supposed conversion may only be a new role he is playing. Indeed Alec is diabolical. Alec creeps up on Tess in the darkness of the Chase and lies with her without her knowing it.He deconstructed the tess’s chastity and pure.At last,he forces tess to be his lover.Not aslo he really love tess,but only regards tess as his toy. It can be said,he is the immediate cause of tess’s tragedy.
Angel Clare is also one of the important factors, caused more serious and terrible harm on tess psychological. Angel Clare is a complex art image. On the one hand,he is Bourgeois intellectuals , having Open minds and independent thinking.He hope depend on his own labor to survive and do not want to inherit his father"s mantle..He is a secularist who yearns to work for the “honor and glory of man,” as he tells his father in Chapter XVIII, rather than for the honor and glory of God in a more distant world. A typical young nineteenth-century progressive, Angel sees human society as a thing to be remolded and improved, and he fervently believes in the nobility of man. He rejects the values handed to him, and sets off in search of his own. Indeed Angel Clare is a fascinating and good-hearted man. When he was working on the Pasture,a lot of girls admired him. But his love for Tess, a mere milkmaid and his social inferior, is one expression of his disdain for tradition. This independent spirit contributes to his aura of charisma and general attractiveness that makes him the love object of all the milkmaids with whom he works at Talbothays.
But on the other hand, Angel Clare aslo is one of the male chauvinist supporters. In his heart, he is still difficult to get rid of controling by feudal morals.His love for Tess may be abstract, as we guess when he calls her “Daughter of Nature” or “Demeter.”. Tess may be more an archetype or ideal to him than a flesh and blood woman with a complicated life. So Angel deserts Tess when he finds the innocent country girl he fell in love with is not so pure.On their wedding night, tess confesses that she is not a virgin and explains what happened with Alec d"Urberville. Even though he himself has also had an affair out of wedlock, he becomes upset and is unable to reconcile his real affection for Tess, his wounded pride, and his image of Tess as a pure and virginal figure. He can’t forgive her for having another man’s child even though she forgives him everything. Angel abandons Tess and tells her she cannot contact him; he will contact her. But he has not divorced with tess, because of Men"s dignity.At last, after his failure in Brazil, and only then Angel realizes he has been unfair to Tess. His moral system is readjusted as he is brought down to Earth. But to his sorrow, when returning to England to find Tess, he discovers tess living in a hotel with Alec d"Urberville.Everthing is too late.
In addition, Tess’s character is also an important reason for the tragedy.
Although Tess has great courage to against social injustice,she can’t get rid of astrology from her own moral traditions. She understood herself is a victim of the social violence and ethics morals victim. But in while receives which the native place person’s censures, she also consider herselves guilty. To forget the past ,she is Far away her family and home to Tabou Lei. Falls in love with Angel Clare makes her happiness,howere,her heart still fell suffered.Facing Angel Clare’s abandon,she think that is her own crime. Thus she silently endures the unjust fate.In her thingking, strong moral consciousness and religious sense is very obvious. The intense moral sensitivity and psychological atonement causes her to fall into the mire of suffering and tragedy.
Tess has a lot of advantages, for instance saidindustriously, selfless, simple. Among them, her most Prominent advantages is pure, as the author described in subheading-“A pure woman”.But the such commendable moral excellence makes her go to the Abyss of tragedy. She is unable to live with Alec for the matter to enjoy ,while she can’t deceive Angel for Own happiness. If Tess is willing, she can request Alec to marry with her,when she was pregnant with his child, and does not have to endure other people"s criticism.On wedding night, Listening to the advice of her mother,she can chooses to Hide her busband the matter happened with Alec d"Urberville,like any other women who have suffered simila matter as her.but her pure don’t allow her to do such “simple” matter.
Tess thus represents what is known in Christian theology as original sin, the degraded state in which all humans live, even when—like Tess herself after killing Prince or succumbing to Alec—they are not wholly or directly responsible for the sins for which they are punished. This torment represents the most universal side of Tess: she is the myth of the human who suffers for crimes that are not her own and lives a life more degraded than she deserves.
In a word, Tess is a really pure woman. She has many valuable advantages.But because of Personal reasons, social reasons and time reasons,she didn’t have a good end. Her tragedy is inevitable.
摘要：《德伯家的苔絲》是英國文學的瑰寶。作者托馬斯?哈代通過此小說描述了一個農村女孩—苔絲的悲劇。近一個世紀以來，苔絲的悲劇感動了全世界數以千計的讀者。本論文就是探討苔絲悲劇的原因。首先本論文介紹了哈代的相關資料。隨后介紹了故事的情節，在此基礎上，從社會變革、認為因素和性別歧視等方面探討了苔絲悲劇的原由。通過分析討論， 得出苔絲悲劇的根本原因是：雙重性道德標準或性別歧視。解決的根本途徑是：真正實現男女平等，而這需要社會進步和文明的發展。
關鍵詞：苔絲悲劇 社會變革 人為因素 性別歧視
Tess of the D’urbervilles is the masterpiece of English literature. Thomas Hardy, the author of this book, describes a tragedy of a peasant girl-Tess-betrayed and ruined by two men. Over the past century her tragedy has moved thousands of hundreds of people all over the world. This thesis tries to explore the causes of Tess’s tragedy.
Firstly, this thesis introduces some relating materials about Hard and his novel, concerning the situation of Thomas Hardy and his attitude towards Tess. Then, the tale of Tess of the D’urbervilles is given for better understanding of later analysis. The causes of Tess’s tragedy are subtle and this thesis mainly analyzes in three parts: the social background, the human roles and the root reason. The social background of this story is the changing society at the turning point of feudalism to capitalism when thousands of decayed peasants suffering. And the human factors here mainly concern two men—Alec and Angle, who separately violates Tess physically and spiritually. Though the first two causes play an important role in Tess’s tragedy, the root reason is the sex discrimination.
Then this thesis comes to a natural conclusion that the tragedy of Tess is mainly caused by society, human and especially the morality. Tess is the victim of the controversial morality. She suffers, and struggles against this unjust moral code but failed at the end. The solution is to achieve the real equality of male and female, no matter in social status or financial situations. Surely this requires the advancing of the society and human civilization.
Key words: Tess’s tragedy, Social changes, Human factors, and Sex discrimination
解析苔絲悲劇苔絲簡介(2)
論《德伯家的苔絲》中苔絲悲劇命運產生的原因作者：姚曉梅來源：《群文天地》2011年第16期
????????在哈代的理想世界中，苔絲是美的象征和愛的化身，代表著威塞克斯人的一切優秀的方面：美麗、純潔、善良、質樸、仁愛和容忍，但為什么這樣一個純潔的女人（小說的副標題）卻不能為大自然和社會所容忍而遭受悲慘的命運呢。本文從苔絲的性格，家庭影響以及當時的時代背景分析了造成苔絲悲劇命運的外部原因和內部原因,從而更全面地認識苔絲及其悲劇人生。
????????苔絲美麗，純潔，善良，勇敢又有韌性且善惡分明。由于家境貧窮，給與自己同姓的貴族德伯家打工，結果她被主人家的兒子亞歷克·德伯誘奸，并生下了一個私生子。由于這個“罪過”，苔絲很受鄙視，在巨大的壓力下，再加上小孩夭折，苔絲離家來到一個牛奶場工作，遇到了牧師的兒婦安吉爾·克萊爾。兩人相愛并結婚。但在新婚之夜，苔絲向他坦白了自己的過去，安吉爾竟將她拋棄，獨自去了巴西。生活困苦，備受侮辱的苔絲苦等安吉爾回來無果，無奈成為了亞歷克的情婦。就在這時，安吉爾抱著懺悔的心情，來到苔絲身邊想和她重新在一起，這時苔絲殺死了亞歷克。在他們逃亡的途中，苔絲被警察抓到，被判了死刑。苔絲的命運是悲慘的，她悲慘命運的產生有其一定的偶然因素，但這悲劇本身又是不可避免的。
????????苔絲的悲劇首先是大環境即外部原因。十九世紀中期英國資本主義工業文明侵入農村，哈代的故鄉也遭到強大的沖擊，其宗法社會迅速解體，個體農民在經濟上陷入失業、貧困的悲慘境地。面對工業文明帶來的后果，哈代心靈受到強烈沖擊，在感情上深深地依戀古老的宗法文明，痛恨工業文明對人們和諧生存狀態的摧毀。小說中哈代對當時工業文明對鄉村的沖擊進行了全景式描繪，以苔絲家作為個體農民的縮影，深入展現人們在物質困境中的痛苦掙扎。苔絲就生活在這樣一個時代，她處于低下的社會地位，家貧如洗、經濟拮據，負擔沉重，作為一個勞動者、一個無權無錢的農業工人，受到了資本主義社會的種種壓迫和凌辱：經濟的、權勢的、肉體的、更有精神的、宗教的、道德的、傳統觀念的，亞歷克和安琪·克萊爾正是這種勢力的代表，他們把苔絲直接推向了悲劇的邊緣。
