大學英語四級13篇
大學英語四級(1)
大學英語四級(2)
大學英語四級期末試卷
Part I: Multiple choice 20%
Directions: For each of the following blanks, four choices are given. Choose the best word or phrase for each blank and mark A, B, C, or D on Answer Sheet.
1. Now that we’ve got a loan from the bank, our project is financially _____.
A. constructive B. feasible C. favorable D. stiff
2. Due to his recent failure to meet the deadline, Jason is ____ from the list for promotion. .
A. eliminated B. retreated C. pried D. wrenched
3. We need someone really ____ who can organize the office and make it run smoothly..
A. crucial B. realistic C. essential D. efficient
4. I am pleased to hear of your job offer-all that hard work at school has obviously __.
A. paid off B. taken its toll C. made a difference D. shown up
5. As a reporter, I was paid to __ into other people’s lives.
A. pry B. convert C. blurt D. carve
6. The mayor promised to trim the city budget without cutting ___ services.
. A. essential B. appropriate C. equivalent D. lucrative
7. The doctor ___ Billy’s operation with x-rays and special exercises to make him stronger.
A. went after B. followed up C. started up D. took on
8. A firm might sometimes sell at a loss to drive a competitor out of business, and__ increase its market power.
A. therefore B. thereby C. hence D. further
9. You can ___ the video camera on a tripod (三腳架)，so that you don’t have to worry about
holding it steady while you ask questions.
A. withstand B. mount C. implement D. dwell
10. AIDS activists permanently changed and shortened America’s ___process for testing and approving new drugs of all kinds, for all diseases.
A. efficient B. stagnant C. intricate D. appropriate
11. ___ students should be motivated by a keen interest in theatre and should have some familiarity with plays in production..
A. prospective B. responsible C. ethnic D. realistic
12. However, the new law, once passed, will ___ the Bridlintong agreement illegal by giving workers the right to join unions of their choice..
A. convert B. render C. cancel D. eliminate
13. This course focuses on the ____ of economic analysis to the problems of inflation, unemployment, the balance of payments and enterprise behaviour.
A. conception B. combination C. application D. introduction
14. The aircraft base is protected with specially designed shelters which are built to ___ ground and air attacks.
A. launch B. withstand C. contest D. contend
15. Our postgraduate students are fully integrated into the departmental research __ and, in addition, participate in the Postgraduate Education Programme.
A. cooperation B. endeavor C. administration D. network
16. The camps are not usually tent-type camps. They are mostly long-established, ___ structures, often with strange Indian names.
A. permanent B. historical C. monotonous D. raw
17. Don’t let his criticism____ you; he belongs to the kind of people who take delight in finding fault with others’ work.
A. discourage B. concern C. dictate D. paralyze
18. Under normal circumstance the body can ___ these naturally occurring substances into vitamins.
A. convert B. render C. derive D. originate
19. “Hi, John, could you show me how to___ graphics (圖表) with text on the same screen?”
A. fuse B. clone C. merge D. mingle
20. The thought of dying slowly and painfully ___ me. I really can’t understand why so many people are opposed to euthanasia ( 安樂死)..
A. terrifies B. curses C. puzzles D. injures
Part II: Fill in the blanks. 20%
Directions: Choose the correct answer from the table and fill in the blanks.
1. My teacher _______ me on the back for getting top marks for my English essay..
2. Radio astronomy seems to ___ the best hopes of obtaining evidence of extraterrestrial beings.
3. The painter’s unique and intriguing designs have caught hold of the imagination of hundreds of students who are fascinated by her ___ patterns and color schemes..
4. Unlike a book, you cannot ___ through a video in the shop, so its content remains a mystery until after you have purchased it and taken it home.
5. True, I do not hold an MBA degree, but I can at least ___ many years of experience as the chief executive of a successful high-tech economy.
6. Special assistance and counseling are available to veterans, migrant workers, youths, older persons, women, and the _________.
7. Many women choose to have pregnancy screenings and may ___ for abortion if evidence of handicap is revealed.
8. They stopped at Paris ___ from Rome to London, spending one day visiting the sights.
9. A few days later, the space shuttle Discovery and its five-member ___ made a spectacular night liftoff to carry into orbit a secret military satellite designed to monitor (監聽) the radio communications of certain foreign countries.
10. The introduction of gunpowder technologies from China resulted in the manufacture of guns, ___ reducing the effectiveness of heavy shields (盾牌) and massive stone fortifications (防御工事).
11. The shootings that recently took place in Washington area _____ a serious threat to the personal safety of local residents.
12. The Security Council (安全理事會) of the United Nations has 15 members; five of which hold ___ seats..
13. A thousand words will not leave so deep a (n) ___ as one single deed..
14. The second ___ of the project is said to begin sometime next year following the completion of the building of the dam.
15. In a ___ system of government the different states or provinces of the country have important powers to make their own laws and decisions.
16. Mark Twain’s novels have been praised for their attack on the social evils of the day and their ____ and realistic description of life on the Mississippi River.
17. Love is something ___; the aspect may change, but not the essence.
18. Neither a wise nor a brave man will lie down on the tracks of history to wait for the train of the future to ____ him.
19. People who are caught drinking and driving can expect little ___ from the courts.
20. Civil service careers offer some of the most rewarding job opportunities you can find, but to ___ you need to pass an exam.
Part III: Reading 30%
Directions: Read the following passages and choose the correct answer according to the passage.
Passage 1
I study political violence for a living., yet I, too, am shaken and unsure how to react. As I sit here today in my office, only a few miles from the still-burning Pentagon, images of the slaughter in my native New York dominate my thoughts. It makes it hard to concentrate on work, and it makes the everyday things seem so trivial. Only now, twenty-four hours after the tragedy began to unfold, have I begun to realize how this has affected me on so many levels.
As an American, I feel threatened and confused, where only yesterday I felt proud and invincible (不可戰勝的). As a citizen of the global community, I have been shocked into the reality of the reach of global terrorism. As a human being, I am appalled at the cruelty and inhumanity of these acts of terrorism. As someone who hopes to understand unspeakable acts, I am at a loss to understand this one, perhaps because it hits so close to home.
I know only these things: Someone, for some reason, has decided to strike at the United States. Despite the many people killed, the intended target of this attack was American power. The goal was to strike a paralyzing fear into the hearts and minds of all citizens of the U.S., and perhaps its allies as well. Thus, we—all of us— are the real targets of this attack. This explains why many of us, even those of us who were not near the attacks, or who knew no one affected by them, felt this tragedy so deeply.
Yet we must not succumb to fear, for if we do the terrorists have won. Surely our lives will be different now. We may be more aware, more inconvenienced, more insecure. But we must learn to deal with this tragedy and to move on, to live our lives as fully and as entirely as before. I came to my office today, even though classes here have been cancelled, to live my life as normally as possible, for to do so in the face of yesterday’s terrorist attacks is itself an act of defiance.
1. How did the author feel following the terrorist attack?
a) He felt proud and invincible because Americans did not succumb to fear.
b) He felt relieved because no one dear to him was injured.
c) He felt sorry for those killed or injured in the tragedy.
d) He felt threatened and confused because he couldn’t understand it.
2. The “unspeakable acts” (Line 4, Para 2) the author hopes to understand are _____.
a) acts of political violence
b) acts of attacks for unknown reasons
c) acts of war
d) acts of murder
3. We can infer from the passage that the author ____
a) did not expect global terrorism could hit America
b) had a deep understanding of terrorism even before the attack
c) knew that Americans would not succumb to terrorism
d) believed that life would go on as before despite the attack
4. According to the author, the aim of the terrorist attack is ___.
a) to kill as many Americans as possible
b) to make Americans aware of the terrorists’ strength
c) to sow panic among the Americans
d) to destroy the vital institutions of the American Government
5. The author’s purpose in going to his office on the day following the terrorist attack is ___.
a) to give classes
b) to discuss the terrorist attack with his colleagues
c) to show defiance by living his life as normally as possible
d) to get the latest news of the terrorist attack
Passage 2
The interview is an important event in the job-hunting process, because the 20 or 30 minutes you spend with the interviewer may determine whether or not you get the particular job you want. Therefore, it is important to remember that your objective during the interview may differ from the objective of the potential employer. You want to make yourself stand out as a whole person who has personal strengths, is well qualified, and should be considered the right person for the job. It is encouraging to know that the interviewer’s task is not to embarrass you or to trip you up, but to hire the right person for the job.
Remember, job hunting is very competitive. Anything you can do to enhance your interview techniques will be to your advantage. The following suggestions may help you land the most important job.
Your goal in this interview is to make sure your good points get across. The interviewer won’t know them unless you point them out, so try to do this in a factual and sincere manner.
Do not make slighting references to former employers or professors. If you have been fired from a job and the interviewer asks about it, be frank in your answer.
Show the interviewer that you are interested in the company by asking relevant questions. Ask about responsibilities, working conditions, promotion opportunities and fringe benefits (附加福利) of the job you are interviewing for.
If at some point you decide the interview is not going well, do not let your discouragement show. You have nothing to lose by continuing a show of confidence, and you may have much to gain. It may be real, or it may be a test to see how you react to adverse conditions.
Some interviewers may bring up salary early in the interview. At this time, you may indicate that you are more interested in a job where you can prove yourself than a specific salary. This politely passes the question back to the interviewer. If the interviewer continues to press, give him a range or suggest the going rate for a particular job. If possible, you should negotiate for salary after you have been offered a job and when you are ready to complete the paperwork.
6. To get the job you want, during the interview you should______.
a) avoid the interviewer’s questions that are designed to trip you up
b) remember that you are the best qualified candidate
c) make yourself stand out as the right person for the job
d) keep in mind that it determines whether or not you get the particular job you want
7. If you did not get along with your former employer, you _____.
a) should tell the interviewer frankly
b) should not speak ill of him
c) should refer to him in a factual manner
d) should never mention it
8. When you find the interview is not going well you should ____.
a) keep up your confidence
b) bring it to an end as soon as possible
c) tell you interviewer how you react to adverse conditions
d) tell yourself you have much to gain and nothing to lose
9. The best time to discuss your salary is ______.
a) when you have been offered the job
b) at the end of the interview
c) after you have completed the paperwork
d) when the interviewer brings this matter up
10. The most important thing to do during an interview is _____.
a) to make your strengths understood
b) to show your intense interest in the job you are applying for
c) to be frank and sincere
d) to be natural and confident
Passage 3
In the course of my reading I had come across a case where, many years ago, some hunters on our Great Plains organized a buffalo hunt for the entertainment of an English earl (伯爵) and to provide some fresh meat for his use. They had charming sport. They killed seventy-two of those great animals; and ate part of one of them and left the seventy-one to rot. In order to determine the difference between an anaconda and an earl, I had several lambs turned into the anaconda’s cage. The grateful snake immediately crushed one of them and swallowed it, then lay back satisfied. It showed no further interest in the lambs, and no inclination to harm them. I tried this experiment with other anacondas; always with the same result. The fact stood proven that the difference between an earl and an anaconda is that the earl is cruel and the anaconda isn’t; and the earl wantonly (肆無忌憚地) destroyed what he has no use for, but the anaconda doesn’t. This seemed to suggest that the anaconda was not descended from the earl. It also seemed to suggest that the earl was descended from the anaconda, and had lost a good deal in the transition.
I was aware that many men who have accumulated more money than they can ever use have shown a hunger for more, and have not hesitated to cheat the ignorant and the helpless out of their poor servings in order to partially satisfy that appetite. I furnished a hundred different kinds of wild and domestic animals the opportunity to accumulate vast stores of food but none of them would do it. The squirrels and bees and certain birds made accumulations, but stopped when they gathered a winter’s supply, and could not be persuaded to add to it either honestly or by trickery. These experiments convinced me that there is this difference between man and the higher animals: he is greedy, they are not.
In the course of my experiments I convinced myself that among the animals man is the only one that harbors insults and injuries, broods over (默默沉思) them, waits till a chance offers, then takes revenge. The passion of revenge is unknown to the higher animals.
11. By describing the buffalo hunting and his experiment with the anaconda, the author mainly wants to tell his readers that ______
a) the anaconda is easily satisfied
b) the earl is capable of committing wanton cruelty
c) the earl’s ancestor turned out to be the anaconda
d) the anaconda does not harm other animals except when it is hungry
12. According to the author, in human society, the rich _____.
a) tend to accumulate vast stores of food
b) are inclined to gather more riches
c) are ready to help the poor
d) are mostly cheaters
13. The author’s experiments with different kinds of animals seem to prove that _______.
a) man is the highest animal
b) man is superior to animals
c) man is the lowest animal
d) man is inferior to animals in certain respects
14. We learn from the last paragraph that ______.
a) love of revenge is a unique characteristic of man
b) man is the only animal capable of thinking
c) human beings are capable of insulting and injuring each other
d) man is better at taking chances than animals
15. In this passage, the author writes in a(n)_____.
a) serious tone
b) angry tone
c) ironic tone
d) matter-of-fact tone
Part IV. Translation 15%
Directions: Translate the following sentences into Chinese
1. I told him on a cold night like this he’d ought to bundle up so the whole inside of his face would not catch cold.
2. These are vulnerable to weather problems and provide less accurate measurements, but they do not require special roadway installations, other than well-maintained lane markings.
3. Of course, one who does not work must not eat unless one can get married, which is called: “being settled at last.”
4. Time is not a thing we have lost. It is not a thing we ever had. It is what we live in.
5. When you force your mind to summon them, the Indians appear rather doll-like in the radiance of the present moment.
Part V. Writing 15%
Directions: For this part you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: Coping with Stress. You should write about 120 words and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1. 隨著生活節奏的加快，人們的生活節奏越來越緊張。
2. 緊張會對個人和社會造成危害
3. 學會應對現代生活的緊張
Key
Part I: Multiple choice 20%1 B .2 A .3 D . 4 A 5 A .6 A .7 B .8 B .9 B .10 C.
11 A.12 B .13 C.14 B 15 B .16 A. 17 A.18 A.19 C.20 A .
Part II: Fill in the blanks 20%
1. patted 2. hold out 3. intricate 4. browse 5. boast 6. handicapped
7. opt 8. en route 9. crew 10. thereby 11.have posed 12. permanent
13. impression 14. phase 15. federal 16. vivid 17.eternal 18. run over
19. mercy 20. get in
Part III: Reading comprehension 30%
1. d 2. a 3. a. 4. c 5. c 6. c. 7. b 8. a. 9. a. 10. a.11. b. 12. b. 13. d. 14. a .15. c
Part IV: Translation 15%
1. 我對他說，今晚這么冷，他應當穿得暖暖的，這樣他臉龐里邊就不會有著涼感冒了。
2. 這類系統易受氣候變化的影響， 提供的數據不夠精確， 但它們不需要特別的道路設置，只需要將路面標志維護好就行了。
3. 當然，不工作就沒飯吃，除非嫁人， 那叫做“終于有了歸宿。”
4. 時間不是我們遺失的東西。時間不是我們曾擁有的東西。我們生活在時間之中。
5. 當你凝神回顧這些昔日的印第安人時，他們在今日的輝煌之前顯得猶如玩偶。
Part V: Writing 15%
大學英語四級(3)
1、為了切實保護兒童權益，中國的立法、司法、政府各有關部門以及社會團體都建立了相應的機制，以監督、實施和促進保護兒童事業的健康發展。// 中國政府動員社會采取多種方式關心和幫助殘疾兒童的成長，大力弘揚殘疾兒童自強不息的精神，倡導團結、友愛、互助的道德風尚。// 中國民族素有“攜幼”，“愛幼”的傳統美德，中國古語“有無有以及人之幼”了流傳至今。// 我們要在全社會倡導樹立“愛護兒童、教育兒童、為兒童做表率、為兒童辦實事”的公民意識，并努力為兒童事業的發展創造良好的社會條件。//
To effectively protect children’s rightsand interests, china’s legislation, judicial and government departmentsconcerned as well as non-governmental organizations have set up correspondingmechanisms to supervise, facilitate and promote the healthy development of thework on protecting children.// The Chinese government has done a great deal tomobilize various circles in society to care for, in various manners , thedevelopment of disabled children, to greatly encourage the spirit of unceasingself-improvement among physically disadvantaged children and to advocate thevalued social virtues of unity, friendship and mutual aid.// The Chinese nationhas long cultivated the traditional virtues of “bring up the young” and caringfor the young”. An old Chinese saying that “love our children and love others’children in the same manner” is still very popular.// We should urge thesociety at large to raise the awareness of importance of “protecting andeducating children, and setting a good example and doing practical thing forchildren”. We will spare no efforts to create favorable social conditions forthe progress of child development programs.//
2、中國將進一步發展經濟、擴大開放，這對海外企業（enterprises）意味著更多的商機。改革開放以來，中國企業與海外企業一直積極開展經濟技術合作，并取得了巨大成就。海外企業不僅幫助了中國企業的成長，而且也在合作中獲得了收益。中國政府將繼續提供有利的政策和條件，推動中國企業與國外企業進一步開展合作。
Chinawill develop its economy further and open itself wider to the outside world,which offers more business opportunities to overseas enterprises. Since China’s reformand opening up, Chinese enterprises have been cooperating with overseasenterprises in terms of economy and technology, and have scored greatachievement. Overseas enterprises have not only helped Chinese enterprises withtheir growth, but also benefited from the cooperation. Chinese government willcontinue to offer favorable policies and conditions to promote the furthercooperation between Chinese and overseas enterprises.
3、假日經濟的現象表明：中國消費者的消費觀正在發生巨大變化。根據統計數據，中國消費者的消費需求正在從基本生活必需品轉向對休閑、舒適和個人發展的需求。同時，中國人的消費觀在蓬勃發展的假日經濟中正變得成熟。因此產品結構應做相應調整，來適應社會的發展。另一方面，服務質量要改善，以滿足人們提高生活質量的要求。
The phenomenon of holiday economy showsthat Chinese people’s consumption concept is undertaking great changes.According to statistics, the demands of Chinese consumers are shifting from thebasic necessities of life to leisure, comfort and personal development.Therefore, the structure of products should be adjusted accordingly to adapt tosocial development. On the other hand, services should be improved to satisfypeople’s demand for an improved quality of life.
4、泰山的每個季節都有獨特的魅力。春天，綠茵茵的山坡上，爭奇斗妍的花朵到處可見。夏天泰山的雷暴雨堪稱奇觀。秋天，楓樹葉漫山遍野，蔚藍色的河水川流不息。冬天，雪蓋群峰松披霜，景觀素雅悲壯，別有一番情趣。喜逢艷陽日，極目遠眺，重巒疊嶂，盡收眼簾。//但遇天陰時，環顧四周，蒼茫大地，盡入云海。泰山的日出與日落，聞名遐爾。壯觀的自然風景以及不可計數的歷史名勝，激發了古代文人墨客，為之舞文弄墨，創作了無數經典 佳作。泰山歷來是畫家騷客所鐘情的聚集地。//
Each season here hasits beauty: bright flowers in full bloom covering the green slopes in spring,spectacular summer thunderstorms which are rarely seen elsewhere, blue riversrunning across the mountains overlaid with red maple leaves in fall, andsnow-capped mountains and frosted pine trees in winter that stage a quietsolemn spectacle of particular interest. On a clear day one can see the peaks risingone after another. // When the sky is overcast, the horizon disappears into asea of clouds. Mount Tai is most famous forits spectacular sunrise and sunset. Its landscape and numerous historical siteshave inspired many great classics of ancient writers, scholars andcalligraphers. Mount Tai has long been thepreferred gathering place of artists and poets.//
5、2013年6月20日在中國各地，劇估計60萬兒童和他們的老師觀看了有宇航員（astronaut）王亞平在距離地球300公里的上空所講授的科學課。王亞平與兩個同事乘坐天宮一號實驗艙(theTiangon-1 laboratory module) 執行為期兩周的任務。她在課上進行了一系列太空的物理演示。在有些演示中還對比了在地球上重力（one-gravity）環境下同樣的實驗。這堂物理課不僅讓孩子們享受了一堂知識與樂趣兼具的物理課，也顯示了我國通信科技的前進。
On June 20, 2013, an estimated 600 thousandschool children and their teachers across China watched a science lessontaught from 300km above the Earth by astronaut Wang Yaping. Wang is aboard theTiangong-1 laboratory module with two crewmates, for a two-week mission. Her lessonswere a series of physics demonstrations in the space. In some demonstrations,she compared with the same experiment under the one-gravity environment onEarth. The lesson has not only offered children a physics lesson with knowledgeand interest, but also shows the advance in communication technology of China.
6 、朝氣蓬勃，充滿活力，豐富多彩的上海是現代中國的縮影。雖然上海的文化遺跡不能與北京媲美，但是上海迷人的城市風貌，風格各異的萬國建筑為這座城市注入了無限的魅力。今日之上海，已經成為享譽中外的國際大都市。漫步在這座日新月異的現代大都市里，你會發現許多精彩的歷史亮點，隱現在眾多摩天大樓背后的是上海發展變化的軌跡。它們記述了上海自十九世紀末開埠以來，尤其是新中國成立以后，是如何迅猛發展的。
Shanghai is a dynamic, diverse and stimulating city - the very epitome ofmodern China.Though Shanghai cannot rival Beijing in cultural heritage, its varied architecturalstyles and cosmopolitan feel give it a charm of its own. Today"s Shanghai has become aworld-famous international metropolis. A walk through this booming city revealsmany glimpses of its colorful past. Hidden
amongst the skyscrapers are remains of theoriginal Shanghai.They keep on showing how Shanghai has beendeveloping fast and enormously since its opening as a commercial port in thelate 19th century, especially after the founding of new China.
7、近代以來，亞洲經歷了曲折和艱難的發展歷程。亞洲人們為改變自己的命運，始終以不屈的意志和艱辛的奮斗開辟前進道路。今天，人們所看到的亞洲發展成就，是勤勞智慧的亞洲人民不屈不撓、鍥而不舍奮斗的結果。亞洲人民深知，世界上沒有放之四海而皆準的發展模式，也沒有一成不變的發展道路，亞洲人民勇于變革創新，不斷開拓進取，探索和開辟適應時代潮流，符合自身實際的發展道路，為經濟社會發展打開了廣闊前景。
In modern times, Asiaexperienced twists and turns in its development. To change their destiny, thepeople of Asia have been forging ahead in anindomitable spirit and with hard struggle. Asia"sdevelopment achievements today are the result of the persistent efforts of theindustrious and talented Asian people. The people of Asiaare fully aware that there is no ready model or unchanging path of developmentthat is universally applicable. They never shy away from reform and innovation.Instead, they are committed to exploring and finding development paths that arein line with the trend of the times and their own situations, and have openedup bright prospects for economic and social development.
8、吸煙之危害，可謂大矣，其嚴重性是不能低估的。吸煙污染空氣，損害健康，使肺癌發病率大大增加。為了使各國人民關注煙草的盛行及預防吸煙導致的疾病和死亡，世界衛生組織已將每年的5月31日定為“世界無煙日”。癮君子們說，一天飯不吃可以，一個時辰不抽煙就難捱了，不能戒。只要真正意識到吸煙有百害而無一利，于人于己都是一種禍害，就有可能下決心擺脫煙草的誘惑。戒煙貴在堅持，堅持下去就是收獲。
Smoking does great harm to human and itsgravity should not be underestimated. Smoking pollutes air, damages health, andincreases the incidence of lung cancer. To arouse the awareness about theprevalence of tobacco in all the countries and to prevent smoking-induceddiseases and deaths, the WHO (World Health Organization) has defined May 31stin every year as World No-Tobacco Day. The tobacco addicts say that smoking isimpossible to quit because they could do without meals in a day but would feeltortured without tobacco in two hours. However, when one realizes that smokingis harmful in many ways but beneficial in no way and that it is a curse toothers as well as to he himself, he will be determined to resist the temptationof tobacco. To quit smoking requires persistence and so long as one persists,he’ll be rewarded.
9、越來越多受英文教育的海外華人父母，已經認識到孩子在掌握不可或缺的英文的同時，也通曉中文的重要性。中國的崛起，讓他們充分認識到孩子掌握雙語的好處——既能增加他們的就業機會，也能讓他們接觸和熟悉東西方兩種不同的文化。這些人對中文的態度幾乎沒有完全改變。曾幾何時，他們還非常驕傲地宣稱自己只懂英文。現在，他們已開始積極支持孩子學習中文和中國文化，而且還不時走訪中國，欣賞壯觀的自然風光，認識豐富的文化遺產。
An increasing number of English-educatedChinese parents overseas have come to the realization that while Englishlearning is indispensable to their children, it is essential that their kidshave a good command of Chinese. China’srise has fully awakened their awareness of the fact that their kids can benefitfrom their bilingual ability which can not only enhance their competitivenessin the job market, but also facilitate their exposure to and familiarity withthe two different cultures between the East and the West. They have hardlychanged their attitudes towards Chinese. At one time they proudly declared thatthey knew English only. Now, they have begun to give full support to their kidslearning Chinese and its culture, and they also make occasional visits to China,where they can enjoy its magnificent natural landscape and get to know its richcultural heritage.
10、我贊同許多東亞學者的觀點，東方文明可以醫治盛行于西方世界的一些頑疾。西方世界個人自由主義泛濫導致了極端個人主義、性關系混亂以及過度暴力行為，對此我們不能視而不見。// 相反，東方社會的自我約束力，集體責任感以及溫厚儒雅的傳統倒可以消除西方社會的許多惡疾。// 在這個信息時代，世界已縮小成一個地球村。這個地球村里，不再有什么涇渭分明的東方世界和西方世界，我們是生活在同一個社區里的鄰里。// 因此，我們彼此之間無須沖突。我們之間的關系應該是一種友好合作，平等互補的關系。我們應該相互理解，相互學習，和睦共處。
I share the same view with many East Asianscholars that the Oriental civilization can heal some of the prevailing ,stubborn Western ills. We should not turn a blind eye to the fact thatindividual freedom has gone overboard in the West, resulting in extremeindividualism, sexual promiscuity and excessive use of violence.// By contrast,self-discipline, corporate responsibility and the pacific tradition of East Asiacan offset many Western vices.// At this age of information, the world has shrunkas a global village in which there will be no clear-cut worlds of the East and theWest any more, but a world of one community with neighboring families.// Therefore,we do not necessarily have to come into clash with each other. Our relationshipis one of friendly cooperation, equality and mutual complementarity and therefore,we should understand and learn from each other, and live in harmony.//
11、國際貿易的基本原則是平等互利，各國追求各自的利益是正常的，出現一些摩擦和糾紛也是不可避免的。關鍵要以冷靜而明智的態度正確對待和處理摩擦和糾紛。// 就中美貿易而言，互利共贏的經貿關系給兩國人民帶來了實實在在的經濟利益。今天，美國在華投資設立的企業已超過4 萬家，投資額達450 億美元。// 美國500 強企業有400 多家進入中國，大多數企業獲利豐厚。與此同時，在美國市場上，許多中國商品受到美國消費者的青睞。中國在美國投資設立的企業已超過1000 家。// 我們可以預見，中美貿易摩擦將隨著經貿關系的深化而凸顯，但是中美經貿合作的總體發展是不可逆轉的。主要有兩個原因，其一：中美貿易具有很大互補性。其二：中國產品具有明顯的勞動力成本優勢。//
Equality and mutual benefit is thefundamental principle of international trade. Therefore, it is normal thatcountries will seek to protect their own interests, which may lead to trade frictionsand disputes. The key lies in how to cope with these issues correctly in a cooland wise manner.// As for China-US trade, mutually beneficial and win-win tradeand economic ties have delivered tangible economic benefits to the two peoples.Now, with over 40,000 U.S.- invested enterprises, the total investment in Chinastands at $45 billion.// Of the top 500 U.S companies, more than 400 have theirbusiness in China, and most of them are making handsome profit. At the sametime, many Chinese commodities have become favored choices of American consumers.Meanwhile, the number of Chinese-invested enterprises in the United Sates hassurpassed 1,000.// We predict that trade disputes between China and the United Stateswill become more acute along with the further development in bilateral trade andeconomic cooperation. The overall development in bilateral trade and economic cooperationis, however, irreversible. There are two factors contribute to this trend.Firstly, the Sino-U.S. economic and trade relations enjoy complementarities in vastfields. Secondly, Chinahas an outstanding labor cost advantage.//
12、中國國際出版集團是中國最大的、最權威的外語出版發行單位，其前身是中央人民政府新聞出版署國際新聞局。// 我集團堅持“讓中國走向世界，讓世界了解中國”的出版原則，全心致力于中國外語教育與研究事業的發展，全心致力于中外文化交流事業的拓展。// 為了加強對出版人才隊伍的建設，為了滿足日益增長的特殊出版業務的需要，我集團每年都要選派一些青年員工到國內外知名高等學府和研究機構進修，// 根據我們的發展戰略，我們會將前進的步伐邁出國界走向世界，瞄準海外讀者群，這一戰略已取得了良好的開局。//
The China International Publishing Group isthe largest and the most authoritative foreign language publishing anddistribution establishment, its predecessor being the International PressBureau of the Central People"s Government Press and Publication Administration.//Adhering to the publishing philosophy of “assisting China"s march to the worldand facilitating world"s understanding of China”, the Group commits itselfentirely to promoting foreign language education and research in China and advancingcultural exchanges between China and foreign countries.// In order to build upa strong team of publishing staff, as well as to meet the growing need of more technicallydemanding business, the Group makes it a rule that young staff be selected andsent to noted universities and research institutions, both domestic and overseas,for further studies.// As is clearly spelled out in our new development strategy,we will go beyond our national boundaries and wedge ourselves into the worldcirculation market, aiming at the international readership. Our initial effortshave been very rewarding.//
13、改革開放30 年來，隨著中國逐漸崛起成為政治經濟強國，海外人士學習漢語的現象與日俱增，海外孔子學院也成了人們學習中國語言和中國文化的首選之地。// 通過學習漢語，他們對這個和自己文化大相徑庭的古老文明產生了濃厚的興趣，而且有機會了解中國的哲學、藝術、醫學、飲食文化，親身體驗這個文明古國的風采。// 作為第二文化，中國文化也豐富了他們的生活和世界觀。可以說，這個潮流方興未艾。越來越多的學習漢語的美國人除了對中國菜肴贊不絕口之外，也在嘗試針灸，草藥和武術。//他們也看功夫電影，學習東方時裝潮流和手工藝，不知不覺的在日常生活中談及中國的點心，人參、銀杏，烏龍茶等。目前在美國最熱門的中國文化是道家學說和有著神秘色彩的風水學。
As China is rising as a political andeconomic world power, thanks to its three-decade reform and opening up, moreand more people in overseas countries start to learn Chinese and turn to aConfucius Institute in their own countries as their first choice learningChinese language and Chinese culture.// During the learning process, thelearners concurrently develop their interest in this ancient land, whose civilizationis so vastly different from theirs. And the learners have opportunities tolearn about Chinese philosophy, art, architecture, medicine and cateringculture and experience first-hand the splendors of this venerablecivilization.// As the second culture, Chinese culture has enriched the lifeand world outlook of the learners. This trend, so to speak, is gathering momentumand is there to stay. Apart from their love for Chinese cuisine, more and moreAmerican learners of Chinese language are turning to Chinese acupuncture ,herbal medicines, martial arts.// They are also interested in kongfu films,fashions and crafts. Seemingly outlandish words such as dim sum, ginseng,gingko, oolong cha have crept into their everyday language. The latest Chinesecultural icons to make its impact there are Taoism, and ancient school ofthought, and fengshui, an ancient art of placement.//
14、上海菜系是中國最年輕的地方菜系，通常被成為“本幫菜”，有著400多年的歷史。同中國其他菜系一樣，“本幫菜”具有“色，香，味”三大要素。//上海菜的特點是注重調料的使用，食物的質地和菜的原汁原味。其中最著名的有特色點心“南翔小籠”和特色菜“松鼠鮭魚”。//“南翔小籠”是豬肉餡，個小味美，皮薄汁醇。“松鼠鮭魚”色澤黃亮，形如松鼠，外皮脆而內肉嫩，湯汁酸甜適口。//在品嘗過“松鼠鮭魚”之后，我們常常驚訝于“松鼠”的形狀，覺得在三大評價標準上在添加“形”這個標準才更合適。//
Shanghai cuisine , usually called Benbang cuisine, is the youngest among themajor regional cuisines in China,with a history of more than 400 years. Like all other Chinese regional cuisines,Benbang cuisines takes “color, aroma and taste” as its essential qualityelements.//Shanghai cuisine emphasizes in particular the expert use ofseasonings, the selection of raw materials with quality texture, and originalflavors. Shanghaicuisine is famous for a special snack known as Nanxiang Steamed Meat Dumplingsand a special dish called “Squirrel-Shaped Mandarin Fish”.//Nanxiang SteamedMeat Dumplings are small in size, with thin and translucent wrappers, filledinside with ground pork and rich tasty soup. Squirrel-Shaped Mandarin Fish isyellow-colored and squirrel-shaped, with a crispy skin and tender meat, allcovered with a sweet and sour source.//After tasting Squirrel-Shaped MandarinFish, we are always amazed by the squirrel shape and think that it is moreappropriate to plus “appearance” as the fourth element.
15、美國人強調效率、競爭和獨創性，而中國人則將嚴謹規劃放在首位，鼓勵團隊成員之間的密切合作和無私奉獻。//在美國學校，討論享有至高無上的地位，討論是課堂教學的主旋律；而中國教師喜歡講課，喜歡考試，編寫千篇一律的標準教案，培養整齊劃一的高材生。//美國人的政治觀，經濟觀以及社會觀的核心是個人道德自治觀。中國傳統的思想體系是以儒家學說為基礎的，這種思想強調整體和諧。//現在，中美聯系比以往更加緊密，中國人學英語，玩保齡球，吃肯德基，美國人學漢語，練功夫，吃北京烤鴨，《泰坦尼克》駛進中國，《牡丹亭》也在百老匯上演。//
American people emphasize efficiency,competition and originality while Chinese people give priority to carefulplanning and encourage close cooperation and altruistic dedication among teammembers.//In American schools, discussion is given top priority while Chineseteachers like to lecture in class,and a lot of them are obsessed withexaminations. They write consistent and standardized teaching plans, and arehappy with bringing up identical and standardized talents.//Central to Americanpolitical, economic and social thought is the concept of individual moralautonomy. Traditional Chinese philosophical systems are based on Confucianism,which sings high praises for communal harmony.//Nowadays, the relation of China and America become closer than ever. Chineselearn English, play bowling, enjoy KFC, while Americans learn Chinese, exerciseKung Fu, like Peking Duck. And Titanic sailed into China, while The Peony Pavilion hasbeen performed on Broadway.//
16、武術在我國源遠流長，是中華民族傳統文化的瑰寶。我們知道，一個民族的優秀文化遺產，不僅僅屬于一個民族，它會逐漸傳播到世界而成為人類的共同財富。// 為了更好的推廣武術運動，使其與奧運項目接軌，中國武協和國際武聯做了大量的艱苦卓絕的工作。現在武術運動已被列為一種具有與保齡球運動和國際標準舞同等地位的奧運表演項目。//武術的蓬勃發展，除得益于其項目本身的吸引力之外，早期移居海外的一代武術大師功不可沒。//老一代武術家在海外播種下了武術的種子，使武術這門既可以自衛又可以健身的運動很快就在新的土地上扎下了根。今天高超的武術大師已遍布世界各地，武術愛好者也與日俱增。//
Wushu, or Chinese martial art, can betraced back to ancient times. It is a gem of Chinese traditional culture. As weall know, the fine culture of a nation doesn’ t belong to the nation alone andit will be spread to the rest of the world and shared by all humanity.// TheChinese Wushu Association and International Wushu Federation (IWUF) have beenworking very hard to popularize wushu and make the Chinese martial art closerto the Olympic Movement. Wushu was accepted to join bowling and internationalstandard dance as an Olympic demonstration event.// The booming of wushu isattributed not only to the attractiveness of the sport but also to emigrantChinese wushu masters over the years.// Martial artists of the older generationshave sown wushu seeds in foreign countries. Weshu, which can be used as selfdefense and can keep practitioners fit and strong, soom became popular on newlands. Today sperb wushu masters are active all over the world, and amateursare on the increase with each passing day.
17、香港中文大學，簡稱“中大”，成立于1963年。中大是一所研究型綜合大學，以“結合傳統與現代，融匯中國與西方”為創校使命。//40多年來，中大一直致力于弘揚中華傳統文化，堅持雙語教育，并推行獨特的書院制度，在香港教育界卓然而立。中大校園占地134 公頃，是世界上最美麗的校園之一。//中大的師生來自世界各地。有教職員工 5200多人，近萬名本科生、約2000多名研究生，其中約2500多人來自45個不同的國家和地區。//中大實行靈活的學分制，不僅有助于培養有專有博的人才，而且還賦予學生更大的學習自主權。中大的多元教育有助于充分發揮每一個學生的潛能。//
The ChineseUniversity of Hong Kong, CUHK for short, was founded in 1963. It is aresearch-oriented comprehensive university with a mission to combine traditionwith modernity and bring together China and the West.//For more than40 years, we have been distinguished from other local universities by virtue ofour rich Chinese cultural heritage, bilingual education, and our unique collegesystem. 134-hectare campus is one of the most beautiful campuses in the world.//CUHK’ s faculty and students come fromall corners of the world. It has more than 5200 staff members,approximately10,000 undergraduates, and 2000 postgraduate students. Of these students, some2,500 are from 45 countries and regions outside Hong Kong.//The flexible creditunit system allows a balance between depth with breadth, and a high degree offree choice of students in designing their own learning. The multi-facetededucation at CUHK helps to bring out the best in every student.//
18、過去10年，海平面升高和森林看法的速度都是前所未有的；生態惡化、物種滅絕、臭氧層被破壞、溫室效應、酸雨等一系列環境問題已經嚴重影響到人類的生存環境。// 環境惡化造成的問題之一就是缺水。目前全世界 40%以上的人口，即 20 多億人，面臨缺水問題。據預測，未來 25 年全球人口將有 60 億增長到 80 億，環境保護面臨更大的壓力。// 中國作為一個發展中國家，面臨著發展經濟和保護環境的雙重任務。從國情出發，中國在全面推進現代化的過程中，將環境保護視為一項基本國策。// 眾所周知，對生態環境和生物多樣性的保護是環保工作的重點。我國野生動植物物種豐富，僅脊椎動物就有 6000 多種左右，高等植物 3 萬多種。//
Sea level rose and forest were destroyed atan unprecedented rate during the last decade. A series of environmentalproblems such s the deterioration of ecosystem, the extinction of bio-species,damage to the ozone layer, the green-house effect, acid rain, have posed aserious threat to human living conditions.// Environmental crisis leads to oneof the serious problems, namely, water shortage. Presently, more than 40% ofthe world’s population, more than 2 billion people, now face water shortage. Itis predicted hat with the global population expected to increase from sixbillion to eight billion over the next 25 years, more pressure on environmentalprotection stress is expected.// As a developing country, china is confrontedwith the dual task of developing the economy and protecting the environment.Proceeding from its national conditions, china has, in the process of promotingits overall modernization program, made environmental protection one of itsbasic state policies.// It is known to all that protection of the ecologicalenvironment and biodiversity is the focal point of environmental protectionwork. Chinais rich in wildlife species. There are about 6,000 vertebrates alone and 30,000species of higher plants.//
19、每年的4月4日、5日或6日是清明節（the Qingming Festival）。清明節后氣溫升高，雨水增多。清明節既是中國的傳統節日，也是最重要的祭祀（commemorative）節日。在這一天，漢族和少數民族都會供奉祖先，為逝去的人掃墓。清明節也是陽光明媚、草木吐綠的時節。自古以來，人們就有清明踏青（Spring outings）的習俗。人們還會在清明節放風箏。這時植樹樹苗存活率高，之后長得也快，因此清明節也是植樹的好時候。
The Qingming Festival falls on April 4,5,or 6 each year.after the festival，the temperature rises up and rainfall increases.the Qingming Festival is not only a traditional festival in china，but also the most important festival of commemorative.both the Han nationality and minority nationality offer sacrifices to their ancestors and sweep the tombs of the deceased at this time.the Qingming Festival is a time when the sun shines brightly，the trees and grass become green.since ancient times people have followed the custom of spring outings.people love to fly kites during the Qingming Festival.the Qingming Festival is also a good time to plant trees，for the survival rate of saplings is high and trees grow fast later.
20、中國結（Chinese knot）是中華古老文明的一個縮影，是中國特有的民間手工藝術。中國結有著悠久的歷史，在明清時期（the Ming and Qing Dynasties)尤為盛行。在現代，它通常被用作室內裝飾、親友間的饋贈禮物及個人的隨身飾物。其因外觀對稱（symmetrical）精致，符合中國傳統裝飾的習俗和審美觀念，故被命名為中國結。在北京申辦2008年奧運會的過程中，中國結作為中國傳統文化的象征，深受各國朋友的喜愛。
Chinese knot is a miniature of the ancient chinese civilization，and it is unique to chinese traditional manual art.chinese knot has a long history ，and is especially prevalent in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.in the modern times ，it usually functions as interior decoration，gift among relative and friends，and personal ornament.it is possessed of delicate and symmetrical appearance and accords with the conventions of chinese traditional decoration and aesthetic，therefore，it is named chinese knot.Chinese knot，which symbolizes chinese traditional culture，is well received by people all over the world in the course of the china"s bid for hosting the 2008 olympics.
21、中國烹飪（Chinese cuisine）文化是中國文化中有關烹飪和休閑的重要組成部分。中國悠久的歷史、廣袤的疆土、好客的習俗孕育了這一獨特藝術。中餐以其“色、香、味、形”俱全而著稱。它講究原料的選配、食物的質地、佐料（seasonings）的調制、切菜的刀功、適時地烹調以及裝盤藝術。最負盛名的菜系有南方粵菜、北方魯菜、東部淮揚菜和西部川菜，以“南淡北咸，東甜西辣”見稱。
Chinese cuisine culture is an important part of chinese culture in the aspect of cooking and leisure.this unique art owes itself to the long history，vast territory and hospitable tradition of china.chinese food is famous for its perfect combination of“color，aroma，taste and appearance”.it gives emphasis to the selection of raw materials，the texture of food，the blending of seasonings，slicing techniques，the perfect timing of cooking and the art of laying out the food on the plate.among the best-known schools of cuisine are the cantonese cuisine of the south ，the shandong cuisine of the north，the huai-yang cuisine of the east and the sichuan cuisine of the west，noted as“the light flavor of the south，the salty flavor of the north，the sweet flavor of the east and the spicy-hot flavor of the west”.
22、獅舞（Lion Dance）是中國最廣為流傳的民間舞蹈之一。獅為百獸之首，在中國傳統中，獅子被視為是能帶來好運的吉祥物（mascot）。古人將獅子視作是勇敢和力量的化身，能驅趕邪惡、保護人類。據記載，獅舞已擁有了2,000多年的歷史。在唐代（theTang Dynasty），獅舞就已經被引入了皇室。因此，舞獅成為元宵節（the Lantern Festival）和其他節日的習俗，人們以此來祈禱好運、平安和幸福。
The Lion Dance is one of the most widespread folk dances in China.The lion is the king of animals. InChinese tradition, the lion is regarded as a mascot, which can bring good luck.Ancient people regarded the lion as a symbol of braveness and strength, whichcould drive away evil and protect humans. The dance has a recorded history ofmore than 2,000 years. During the Tang Dynasty, the Lion Dance was alreadyintroduced into the royal family of the dynasty. Therefore, performing the liondance at the Lantern Festival and other festive occasions became a custom wherepeople could pray for good luck, safety and happiness.
23、端午節，又叫龍舟節，是為了紀念愛國詩人屈原。屈原是一位忠誠和受人敬仰的大臣（minister）,他給國家帶來了和平和繁榮。但最后因為受到誹謗（vilify）而最終投河自盡。人們撐船到他自盡的地方，拋下粽子，希望魚兒吃粽子，不要吃屈原的身軀。幾千年來，端午節的特色在于吃粽子（glutinous dumplings）和賽龍舟，尤其是在一些河湖密布的南方省份。
The Duanwu Festival, also called the DragonBoat Festival, is to commemorate the patriotic poet Qu Yuan. Qu Yuan was aloyal and highly esteemed minister, who brought peace and prosperity to thestate but ended up drowning himself in a river as a result of being vilified.People got to the spot by boat and cast glutinous dumplings into the water,hoping that the fishes ate the dumplings instead of Qu Yuan’s body. Forthousands of years, the festival has been marked by glutinous dumplings anddragon boat races, especially in the southern provinces where there are manyrivers and lakes.
24、2013年6月20日在中國各地，劇估計60萬兒童和他們的老師觀看了有宇航員（astronaut）王亞平在距離地球300公里的上空所講授的科學課。王亞平與兩個同事乘坐天宮一號實驗艙(theTiangon-1 laboratory module) 執行為期兩周的任務。她在課上進行了一系列太空的物理演示。在有些演示中還對比了在地球上重力（one-gravity）環境下同樣的實驗。這堂物理課不僅讓孩子們享受了一堂知識與樂趣兼具的物理課，也顯示了我國通信科技的前進。
On June 20, 2013, an estimated 600 thousandschool children and their teachers across China watched a science lessontaught from 300km above the Earth by astronaut Wang Yaping. Wang is aboard theTiangong-1 laboratory module with two crewmates, for a two-week mission. Her lessonswere a series of physics demonstrations in the space. In some demonstrations,she compared with the same experiment under the one-gravity environment onEarth. The lesson has not only offered children a physics lesson with knowledgeand interest, but also shows the advance in communication technology of China.
25、旗袍，是中國女性的傳統服裝，源于中國滿族女性的傳統服裝。因為滿族人被稱為“旗人”，所以滿族人的長袍被稱為“旗袍”。到了20世紀20年代，受西方服飾的影響，經過改進之后的旗袍逐漸在廣大婦女中流行起來。在中國，很多女性都喜歡穿旗袍。結婚的時候，新娘不僅要訂做一件中式旗袍作為結婚禮服，還要穿著漂亮的旗袍照一套婚紗照，作為永久的紀念。對于中國的女明星們而言，旗袍也成為她們參加各種重要活動的首選禮服。
核心詞提示：
旗袍：Cheongsam
滿族：Manchu
旗人：bannerman
中國傳統文化
一、對龍圖騰他的崇拜在中國大約已綿延了八千多年。中國龍是古人將魚、蛇、馬、牛等動物與云霧、雷電等自然天象集合而成的一種神物。 中國龍的形成與中華民族的多元融合過程同步。在中國人的心目中，龍具有振奮騰飛、開拓變化的寓意和團結凝聚的精神。
Chinese Dragon Dragon totem worship in China has been around for the last 8,000 years. The ancients in China considered the dragon (or loong) a fetish that combines animals including the fish, snake, horse and ox with cloud, thunder, lightning and other natural celestial phenomena. The Chinese dragon was formed in accordance with the multicultural fusion process of the Chinese nation. To the Chinese, the dragon signifies innovation and cohesion. 二、秧歌舞是中國漢族的一種民間傳統舞蹈，通常在北方省份表演。秧歌舞者通常穿上明亮多彩的表演服裝，他們的表演動作有力迅速。在農歷春節、元宵節等節日期間，人們一旦聽到鑼鼓聲，不管外面天氣有多冷，他們都會蜂擁到街上看秧歌舞表演。近年來，中國東北某些城市的老年人自發組織了了秧歌隊，隊員常年通過跳秧歌舞來保持健康，同事他們也樂在其中。Yangko is one of tradition folk dance of Han in China.It is usually performed in northern provinces. The dancers usually wear colorful and light costumes, and the performance is powerful and rapid. During some festivals such as Spring Festival, Lantein Festival, if people hear the sound of drum and gong, no matter how cold the weather is , they will come to street and appreciate the Yangko. Recent years, the old people in city of east-northern of China organized the team of Yangko by themselves, the teamers keep their health by dancing Yangko the whole year.三、長城是人類創造的世界奇跡之一。如果你到了中國卻沒去過長城，就想到了巴黎沒有去看看菲爾鐵塔，或者就像到了埃及沒有去看金字塔一樣。人們常說：“不到長城非好漢。”實際上，長城最初只是一些斷斷續續的城墻，直到秦朝統一中國后才將其連城長城。然而，今天我們看到的長城——東起山海關，西至嘉峪關——大部分都是在明代修建的。The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world that created by human beings! If you come to China without climbing the Great Wall, it"s just like going Paris without visiting the Eiffel Tower; or going to Egypt without visiting the Pyramids! Men often say, "He who doest not reach the Great Wall is not a true man."In fact, it began as independent walls for different states when it was first built, and did not become the "Great Wall" until the Qin Dynasty. However, the wall we see today, starting from Shanhaiguan Pass in the east to Jiayunguan Pass in the west, was mostly built during the Ming Dynasty. 四、Dumplings Dumplings are one of the Chinese people’s favorite traditional dishes. According to an ancient Chinese legend, dumplings were first made by the medical saint---Zhang Zhongjing. There are three steps involved in making dumplings: 1) make dumpling wrappers out of dumpling flour; 2) prepare the dumpling stuffing; 3) make dumplings and boil them. With thin and elastic dough skin, fresh and tender stuffing, delicious taste, and unique shapes, dumplings are worth eating hundreds of times. There’s an old saying that claims, “Nothing could be more delicious than dumplings”. During the Spring Festival and other holidays, or when treating relatives and friends, Chinese people like to follow the auspicious custom of eating dumplings. To Chinese people who show high reverence for family love, having dumplings at the moment the old year is replaced by the new is an essential part of bidding farewell to the old and ushering in the new year. 餃子是深受中國人民喜愛的傳統食品。 相傳為古代醫圣張仲景發明。餃子的制作是包括： 1） 搟皮、2） 備餡、3） 包餡水煮三個步驟。其特點是皮薄餡嫩，味道鮮美，形狀獨特，百食不厭。民間有“好吃不過餃子”的俗語。中國人接親待客、逢年過節都有包餃子吃的習俗，寓意吉利。對崇尚親情的中國人來說，“更歲交子”吃餃子，更是歡度除夕、辭舊迎新必不可少的內容。 五、Acupuncture Acupuncture is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In accordance with the “main and collateral channels” theory in TCM, the purpose of acupuncture is to dredge the channel and regulate qi and blood, so as to keep the body’s yin and yang balanced and achieve reconciliation between the internal organs. It features in traditional Chinese medicine that “internal diseases are to be treated with external therapy”. The main therapy of acupuncture involves using needles to pierce certain acupoints of the patient’s body, or adopting moxibustion to stimulate the patient’s acupoints so as to stimulate the channels and relieve pain. With its unique advantages, acupuncture has been handed down generation after generation and has now spread all over the world. Nowadays, acupuncture, along with Chinese food, kung fu (otherwise known as Chinese martial arts), and traditional Chinese medicine, has been internationally hailed as one of the “four new national treasures.” 針灸是中醫學的重要組成部分。按照中醫的經絡理論，針灸療法主要是通過疏通經絡、調和氣血，來達到陰陽歸于平衡，使臟腑趨于調和之目的。其特點是“內病外治”。主要療法是用針刺入病人身體的一定穴位，或用艾火的溫熱刺激燒灼病人的穴位，以達到刺激經絡。治療病痛的目的。針灸以其獨特的優勢，流傳至今并傳播到了世界，與中餐、功夫、中藥一起被海外譽為中國的“新四大國粹”。六、Chinese Kung Fu Chinese kung fu, or Chinese martial arts, carries traditional Chinese culture in abundance. It is a traditional Chinese sport which applies the art of attack and defence in combat and the motions engaged with a series of skill and tricks. The core idea of Chinese king fu is derived from the Confucian theory of both “the mean and harmony” and “cultivating qi” (otherwise known as nourishing one’s spirit). Meanwhile, it also includes thoughts of Taoism and Buddhism. Chinese kung fu has a long history, with multi-various sects and many different boxing styles, and emphasizes coupling hardness with softness and internal and external training. It contains the ancient great thinkers’ pondering of life and the universe. The skills in wielding the 18 kinds of weapons named by the later generations mainly involve the skills of bare-handed boxing, such as shadow boxing (Taijiquan), form and will boxing (Xingyiquan), eight trigram palm (Baguazhang), and the skills of kung fu weaponry, such as the skill of using swords, spears, two-edged swords and halberds, axes, tomahawks, kooks, prongs and so on. 中國功夫即中國武術，是將技擊寓于搏斗和套路運動之中的中國傳統體育項目，承載著豐富的中國民族傳統文化。其核心思想是儒家的中和養氣之說，同時兼容了道家、釋家的思想。中國武術源遠流長、流派林立、拳種繁多，講究剛柔并濟、內外兼修，蘊含著先哲們對生命和宇宙的參悟。后世所稱十八般武藝，主要指：徒手拳藝，如太極拳、形意拳、八卦掌等；器械功夫，如刀槍劍戟、斧鉞鉤叉等。七、Chinese characters were initially meant to be simple pictures used to help people remember things. After a long period of development, it finally became a unique character system that embodies phonetic sound, image, idea, and rhyme at the same time. The writing system, which was extremely advanced in ancient times, began with inscriptions on bones and tortoise shells, and these are regarded as the original forms of Chinese characters. Afterwards, Chinese characters went through numerous calligraphic styles: bronze inscriptions, official script, regular script, cursive script, running script, etc. Chinese characters are usually round outside and square inside, which is rooted in ancient Chinese beliefs of an orbicular sky and a rectangular Earth. The five basic strokes of Chinese characters are “---“ (the horizontal stroke) “│” (the vertical stroke), “／”( the left-falling stroke), “＼” (the right-falling stroke), and “乙” (the turning stroke). 漢字是從原始人用以記事的簡單圖畫，經過不斷演變發展最終成為一種兼具音、形、意韻的獨特文字。現存中國古代最早成熟的文字是甲骨文，被認為是現代漢字的初形。此后，漢字又經歷了金文、隸書、楷書、草書、行書等不同的階段。漢字結構“外圓內方“， 源于古人”天圓地方“的觀念。漢字有五種基本筆畫，即：橫、豎、撇、捺、折。 八、Chinese Chopsticks The Chinese way of eating with chopsticks is unique in the world. The recorded history of chopsticks started more than three thousand years ago. Chopsticks were named zhu in ancient Chinese. They look deceptively simple to use, but possess multi-various functions, such as clamping, turning over, lifting up, raking, stirring, scooping, poking, tearing, and so on. Chopsticks were taken as an auspicious mascot by ordinary people in ancient China. For example, the partial tone of chopsticks is often used by people as a metaphor at weddings to indicate a blessing or benediction for the couple to have a baby soon. Unlike using a knife and fork or one’s own hands, a pair of chopsticks also implies the meaning of “Harmony is what matters”. Chopsticks are highly praised by Westerners as a hallmark of ancient oriental civilization. 中國人使用筷子就餐的方式在世界上獨樹一幟。有史記載用筷的歷史已有三千多年。筷子古時稱為箸，它看似簡單，但卻同時具有夾、撥、挑、扒、拌、撮、戳、撕等多種功能。中國民間視筷子為吉祥之物，如婚俗中將筷子隱喻為快生貴子的祝福等。與使用刀叉以及手抓的 方式不同，成雙結對的筷子含有“和為貴“的意蘊。西方人贊譽筷子是古老的東方文明。 九、Chinese Seal A seal can also be defined as a stamp. Both the Chinese official and private seal of various dynasties have different titles, such as stamp, zhu note, contract, fu, lease and others. The seals used by the emperors of ancient China were called xi, yin, bao, etc. According to historical records, seals were widely used during the Warring States Period (475BC-221BC). The making of a seal is to engrave fonts, such as seal characters and official script and so on; or images in the form of intaglio and embossment into the seal, basically shaped as round or square. Covered with a vermilion overlay, the Chinese seal is not only used in daily life, but it is also used to represent signatures on paintings and calligraphies. It is gradually becoming one of China’s unique artworks. 印章就是圖章。中國歷代官、私所用的印章有印信、朱記、合同、符、契等等不同的稱謂，而帝王所用的印章古時稱璽、印、寶、章等。據史料記載，印章在戰國時代已普遍使用。印章的制作是將篆隸等字體、圖像用陰、陽的形式雕刻而成，形狀以圓、方為主。印章用朱色 鈐蓋，除日常應用外，又多用于書畫題識，逐漸成為中國特有的藝術形式之一。 十、Chinese Era The Chinese era is the symbol that the Chinese calendar uses for recording and naming years. The ten Heavenly Stems are: jia, yi, bing, ding, wu, ji, geng, xin, ren, gui. The twelve Earthly Branches are: zi.chou, yin, mou, chen, si, wu, wei, shen, you, xu, hai. After observing the lunar month, the ancients found that the moon always wazes and wanes roughly 12 times a year, and two lunar months account for about 60 days, so the order of the ten Heavenly Stems and the order of the twelve Earthly Branches are properly matched in turn. In terms of recording date, 60 years is considered to be a full time cycle. The Chinese era chronology was first invented in ancient times and is still in use now. according to the chronology of the “ten Heavenly Stems,” 2011 is the year of “the seventh of the ten Heavenly Stems” and “ the fifth of the twelve Earthly Branches”. 天干地支是中國歷法中用以記錄和命名年歲的方法。十天干為：甲、乙、丙、丁、戊、已、庚、辛、壬、癸；十二地支為：子、丑、寅、卯、辰、巳、午、未、申、酉、戊、亥。古人觀測朔望月，發現月亮圓缺12次大體上是一年的天數，而兩個朔望月約是60天。古人以十天干與十二地支的順序依次相配，記錄不同年份，60年為一個輪回。干支紀年法從古沿用至今。按干支紀年法，2011年便是辛卯年。 C十一、hinese Beijing Opera Praised as “Oriental Opera”, Beijing Opera is a genuine national quintessence of China. It originated from many kinds of ancient local operas, especially huiban in southern China. At the end of the 19th Century, Beijing Opera evolved and took shape, becoming the greatest kind of opera in China. Beijing Opera is a blend of performing arts---song, speech, performance, acrobatix fighting and dance. Beijing Opera portrays and narrates the plot and characters through stylized acting. The main types of roles in Beijing Opera are sheng(male), dan (young female), jing (painted face, male), and chou( clown, male or female). 京劇被譽為“東方歌劇”， 是地道的中國國粹。它起源于中國多種古老的地方戲劇，特別是南方的“徽班”。到了19世紀末，京劇形成并成為中國最大的戲曲劇種。京劇是綜合性表演藝術，集唱（歌唱）、念（念白）、做（表演）、打（武）、舞（舞蹈）為一體，通過程式化的表演手段，敘述故事，刻畫人物。角色主要分生（男性）、旦（女性）、凈（男性）、丑（男性女性皆有）四大行當。 十二、Chinese Taoism Taoism first originated in China. The founder of Taoism is Laozi, a philosopher and thinker who lived in the late Spring and Autumn Period (770BC-476BC). Tao Te Ching whose authorship has been attributed to Laozi, is considered to be the main Taoist classic. Taoism advocates the value of a human being’s life, recommends the discarding of all desires and worries from one’s mind, and encourages the cultivation of moral character and the nourishment of human nature. The following is an example of Laozi’s golden saying: The way that can be told of is not an unvarying way; The names that can be named are not unvarying names. It was from the nameless that Heaven and Earth sprang; The named is but the mother that rears the ten thousand creatures, each after its kind. Truly, only he that rids himself forever of desire can see the secret essences; He that has never rid himself of desire can see only the outcomes. 道教是中國土生土長長的宗教。創始人是春秋末期的哲學家、思想家老子。道教以老子所著的《道德經》為主要經典。道教主張“重人貴生”。崇尚清靜無為，修身養性。“道可道，非常道。名可名，非常名。無名天地之始；有名萬物之母。故常無，欲以觀其妙；常有，欲以觀其徼”便是老子的至理名言。 十三、Chinese Idioms Chinese idioms refer to comprehensive and integrated fixed phrases and expressions. Idioms are established and accepted by constant usage and common practice. An idiom is a language unit that is larger than a word, but has the same grammatical function as a word. Most Chinese idioms consist of four characters. For example, ziqiangbuxi ( make unremitting efforts to improve oneself), qingchuyulan(bluer than indigo), and houjibofa (success comes with time and effort). Idioms are extrated from folk proverbs, ancient works of literature, poems, fables, allusions, and well-known sayings. Idioms are a part of the Chinese language that are concise and have great vitality. 中國成語是漢語中意義完整的表示一般概念的固定詞組或短語。“成語”中的“成”既是約定俗成。成語是比詞大而語法功能又相當于詞的語言單位。絕大多數的中國成語由四個漢字組成，例如：自強不息、青出于藍、厚積薄發。成語主要從民間諺語、古代文學作品、詩歌、寓言、典故、名言警句等方面提煉而成，是漢語語言中精煉而又富有生命力的一部分。 十四、China is the home of silk. Mulberry planting, sericulture, silk reeling and thickening are all great inventions of the ancient Chinese. As early as the Shang and Zhou Dynasties (1600BC-256BC), the Chinese people’s silk-weaving techniques had reached an extremely high level. During the Western Han Dynasty (206BC-25AD), Zhang Qian, an outstanding diplomat, travelled around central Asia and connected China with the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean, opening up a new era of Sino-foreign trade, exchange and communication. From then on, China’s silk became well known for its extraordinary quality, exquisite design and color, and abundant culture connotations. Hitherto, Chinese silk has been accepted as a symbol of Chinese culture and the emissary of oriental civilization. 中國是絲綢的故鄉。栽桑、養蠶、繅絲、織綢是中國古代人民的偉大發明。商周時期絲綢的生產技術就已發展到相當高的水平。西漢時張騫通西域，把中原與波斯灣、地中海緊密聯系起來，開辟了中外交流貿易的新紀元。從此中國的絲綢以其卓越的品質、精美的花色和豐富的文化內涵聞名于世，成為中國文化的象征。東方文明的使者。十五、Chinese Classical Garden The Chinese classical garden is a precious treasure of our ancient Chinese architecture. It is a kind of environment art, which systematically combines artificial mountains and rivers, plants and buildings with the natural landscape. The construction standard of a Chinese classical garden is “artificial as it is, the garden must look ingenious and natural.” When you go sightseeing in a Chinese classical garden, you should be able to appreciate its artistic concept which “makes use of the natural landscape to create the real fun of mountains and rivers for viewers.” Of the world’s three major garden systems, the Chinese classical garden is hailed as one of the origins of the world’s garden due to its long history and abundant connotations. 中國園林是把人造的山水、植物、建筑等與自然地貌有機結合的環境藝術，是我國古代建筑藝術的珍寶。其建造原則是“妙極自然，宛自天開”。游賞中國古典園林，能充分領略“假自然之景，創山水真趣”的園林意境。在世界三大園林體系中，中國園林歷史悠久、內涵豐富，被譽為世界造園史上的淵源之一。 十六、The Four Treasures of the Study The writing brush, ink stick, ink stone, and paper were requisite treasures in the study of the scholars of ancient China, and they are often referred to as the “Four Treasures of the Study.” The writing brush and ink stick have been used by the Chinese to write and paint since 5,000 years ago. In the Qin Dynasty (221BC---206BC), people already used feathers of different hardness and bamboo trunks to make brushes. During the Han Dynasty (206BC-220AD), man-made ink was used instead of natural ink. After paper was invented by the Chinese, bamboo slips, wooden tablets, brocade and silk, which originally functioned as writing surfaces, gradually faded out. The ink stone was first developed with the use of writing brushes and ink. After the Song Dynasty (960AD---1279AD), the “Four Treasure of the Study” particularly referred to hubi, the writing brush produced in Huzhou, Zhejiang province; huimo, the ink stick produced in Huizhou, Anhui province; xuan paper, a kind of paper produced in Xuanzhou, Anhui province; and duanyan, the ink stone made in Zhaoqing, Guangdong province (Zhaoqing was earlier called Duanzhou). Indeed, the Four Treasures of the Study” have writtin the whole Chinese civilization, as it is. 筆墨紙硯是中國古代文人書房當中必備的寶貝，被稱為“文房四寶”。用筆墨書寫繪畫在中國可追溯到五千年前。秦時已用不同硬度的毛和竹管制筆；漢代以人工制墨替代了天然墨；有了紙張以后，簡牘錦帛逐失其用；硯臺則隨筆墨的使用而發展。 “文房四寶”到宋朝以后特指湖筆、徽墨、宣紙、端硯。可以說文房四寶書寫了整個中華文明。
大學英語四級(4)
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大學英語四級口語考試樣題CET Spoken English Test – Band FourSample Paper
Topic Area: Daily Life Topic: Travel
Examiner:
Examiner:
(考生準備時間45秒)
Now please begin to read on hearing the beep. (考生A和B同時回答，時間1分鐘)
Examiner:
Examiner:
(考生準備時間45秒)
Now please start speaking on hearing the beep.(考生A和B同時回答，時間1分鐘)Examiner:
大學英語四級(5)
大學英語四級翻譯
自2013年12月起，全國大學英語四、六級考試委員會將對四、六級考試的試卷結構和測試題型作局部調整，其中取消了原題型中的綜合部分，并將原來的單句漢譯英調整為段落漢譯英，占考試比例的15%。新四級考試大綱規定翻譯內容涉及中國的歷史、文化、經濟、社會發展等，長度為140-160個漢字。主要是考察學生運用漢譯英基本的理論與技巧，在30分鐘內將要求譯出的部分譯完，譯文要求忠實原文，語言表達通順流暢。
一、翻譯的標準：
1.譯文應該完整地再現原文內容
2.譯文的風格、筆調應與原文性質相同
3.譯文應像原文一樣流暢自然
二、翻譯三部曲：
1. 通讀并透徹理解原文漢語句子，確定語法成分和句型。
考生不應該將漢語部分直接翻譯成英語，而是要首先閱讀整個段落，確定要求翻譯的句子在整個英語段落中的語法成分和句型結構。
確定語法成分以后，考生要有意識地審查時態，要特別注意句中的時間狀語，并對照段落的時態。在翻譯中常見時態有：一般現在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、現在完成時等。此外，還應該根據漢語意思推斷出題人想考查的語法或詞匯項目，避免將漢語詞匯逐個機械地翻譯成英語的情況。
例如：中國剪紙有一千五百多年的歷史，在明朝和清朝時期(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)特別流行。
分析：前半句話應該用一般現在時，而后半句則應該用一般過去時，因為講的明清時代的事情。漢語中一般會省略主語，在翻譯英語時一定要將省略的主語補充上。再有英語中的逗號與中文的逗號意義不同，因此譯成英語時要慎用逗號。
譯文：Chinese paper cutting has a history of more than 1，500 years. It was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
2.付諸筆墨，保證拼寫無誤
經過仔細的斟酌以后，真正的翻譯工作就變得簡單得多，但對很多考生來說單詞的拼寫是一大難題，因此考生應該在確保關鍵結構無誤的前提下盡量選用自己有把握的單詞和短語。
例如：人們常用剪紙美化居家環境。
分析：考生在翻譯“美化居家環境”時，不會翻譯“美化”，可以選擇自己會的短語“make sth. beautiful”。
譯文1：People often make their homes beautiful with paper cuttings.
譯文2：People often beautify their homes with paper cuttings.
3.重新審視，確認句法合理
在檢查的時候，考生應該確認自己翻譯的內容與其他句子共同構成了一個語法正確達意清晰的句子。在這一階段，考生還應該重點檢查時態、語態、單復數、拼寫、大小寫、標點符號、冠詞和代詞的使用以及主謂一致的等問題。
三、翻譯的應試技巧：
1.恰當選詞
在漢譯英題型中，考生應注意恰當詞語的選擇。首先要盡量避免過于籠統的詞語，選用其下義詞或更確切的詞語。
2.中英文句式之間的對應與轉換
有些中文句子結構與含義可以對應英文中的某些句型。若考生可以恰當使用這些句型，可達到事半功倍的效果。
3.語態之間的轉換
通常中文中的主語過于寬泛的時候，如“人們”，“別人”“這”等等，都可以轉化成英文的被動語態，省略原來的主語。
例如：現在必須采取措施來保護環境。
譯文：Measures should be adopted (taken) to protect the environment.
4.詞性的轉換
1)名詞轉換成動詞
例如：改革開放政策受到了全中國人民的擁護。(“擁護”是名詞)
譯文：The reform and opening policy is supported by the whole Chinese people. (“support”是動詞)
2)動詞轉化成名詞
例如：他善于觀察。(“觀察”是動詞)
譯文：He is a good observer.(“observer”是名詞)
3)名詞轉化成形容詞
例如：這件事成功的可能性很小。(“可能性”是名詞)
譯文：It is unlikely to succeed.(“unlikely”是形容詞)
4)形容詞轉化成名詞
例如：在這緊張的時刻他感到非常緊張。(“緊張的”是形容詞)
譯文：The intensity of the moment filled his mind with intensity.(“intensity”是名詞)
考生要把一段中文翻譯成語言通順的英語，不僅需要考生的單詞量和單詞拼寫能力，而且語法也很重要了。因此，考生在準備時除了注意相關詞匯和短語的積累外，還應該注重基本語法的知識的積累。
練習1：
農歷五月五日的端午節是為了紀念被昏庸君主貶官放逐而投江自盡的古代詩人和忠臣屈原。最初人們將竹葉包扎好的糯米粽子投入屈原自盡的那條江，以祭祀亡靈。今天，人們在端午節時節舉行龍舟賽，而粽子則由活生生的人來享用。
解析：
1.“農歷五月五日”譯為“the 5th day of the 5th lunar month(around early June)”，除了加lunar表示農歷外，還補充說明在公歷上的對應時間。
2. “被昏庸君主貶官放逐”譯為“(be) in exile from a corrupt court”，其中in exile指貶官放逐，from a corrupt court取意義法，朝廷腐敗實指君主昏庸。
3. “將竹葉包扎好的糯米粽子”譯為“zongzi， a kind of glutinous rice dumplings wrapped in bamboo leaves”。
4. “以祭祀亡靈” 譯為“sacrificial offerings for Qu Yuan"s departed soul”，其中Qu Yuan"s departed soul明確“亡靈”即“屈原的亡靈”。
5.以“人們”開頭的句子在漢譯英是往往進行主動轉化成被動的處理，故“人們在端午節時節舉行龍舟賽”譯為“dragon boat races are held during the festival”。
譯文：
The Dragon Boat Festival on the 5th day of the 5th lunar month(around early June)is celebrated in memory of Qu Yuan， an ancient poet and loyal minister who drowned himself while in exile from a corrupt court. Zongzi， a kind of glutinous rice dumplings wrapped in bamboo leaves， who originally prepared as sacrificial offerings for Qu Yuan"s departed soul and dropped into the river where he drowned himself. Today， however， dragon boat races are held during the festival and the Zongzi are consumed by the living.
練習2：
筷子是中餐桌上最具特色的用餐工具。我們中國人使用筷子的方法很有藝術性，各人有各人的方法，就好像簽名一樣，不盡一致。中國人一般都能隨心所欲地用筷子夾起米飯、一粒豌豆、一只滑溜溜的蘑菇或海參。有些人還能夾起一整塊易碎的豆腐。
解析：
1.“最具特色的用餐工具”譯為“the most distinctive eating tool”。
2.“我們中國人使用筷子的方法”，首先應該先抓住“的”字，“的”字前面的句子作同位語修飾后面的“方法”，譯為“The way we Chinese handle our chopsticks”。
3.“能隨心所欲地”就譯為“easily”。
4.“夾起”譯為“pick up”。
5.“米飯、一粒豌豆、一只滑溜溜的蘑菇或海參”譯為“a single tiny grain of rice， or a tiny piece of peas， or a slippery button mushroom or sea cucumber”。
6.“一整塊易碎的豆腐”譯為“a piece of bean curd that crumbles easily”。
譯文：
Chopsticks，or kuaizi，are the most distinctive eating tool on Chinese dining table. The way we Chinese handle our chopsticks is quite artistic and varied from person to person like one"s signature. An average Chinese can very easily pick up a single tiny grain of rice，or a tiny piece of peas， or a slippery button mushroom or sea cucumber. Some people are able to pick up a piece of bean curd that crumbles easily.
一. 正確認識翻譯技巧
從中國人進行的翻譯定位上看，無論是英譯漢還是漢譯英，其根本問題都在譯者的英語水平或造詣上。英譯漢的題型，關鍵在于理解原文;而漢譯英的題型，關鍵在于如何綜合運用所學的英文知識，將我們原本理解的相當明白的漢語文字，以準確的英語通順地表達出來。
筆者想提醒考生注意的是，各種翻譯技巧只是工具。茅盾先生有一句話，如果兩種語言的功底不夠，那些技巧你也用不上;但若功底深厚，那些條條就成了不足取的框框。
因此，我們對于翻譯技巧的講解，只是大致談幾個方面，大家在翻譯的過程中了解注意就可以了。關鍵在于遵循常用方法多做練習，只有經過大量的訓練，不懈的 練習，才可以熟能生巧。大家的英語水平提高了，詞匯量有了一定的積累，各種句型結構熟透于心了，翻譯水平自然會上去的。
二. 關于漢譯英的翻譯技巧，我們大致需要注意這幾方面：
1、翻譯的基本方法：關于直譯與意譯
英語和漢語是兩種不同的語言 ,每種語言都有各自獨立和分明的系統 ,在形態和句法方面二者存在很大差異。然而 ,兩種語言之間又存在一些相似性。比如在主謂詞序和動賓詞序上是一致的。正是由于英漢兩種語言既有共同點又有不同點 ,所以在翻譯實踐中 ,我們不能千篇一律地使用一種方法進行翻譯。直譯和意譯是兩種重要的翻譯方法。
直譯是既保持原文內容、又保持原文形式的翻譯方法或翻譯 文字。意譯，也稱為自由翻譯 ,它是只保持原文內容、不保持原文形式的翻譯方法或翻譯文字。直譯與意譯相互關聯、互為補充，同時,它們又互相協調、互相滲透,不可分割。通過對直譯與意 譯二者關系的正確理解,我們可以更多地認識到什么時候采用直譯、什么時候采用意譯，以及在運用直譯與意譯的時候所應該掌握的技巧、遵循的原則和應該注意的 問題，最終達到提高翻譯能力及水平的目的。
考生這里應當注意，直譯不是死譯，而是指基本保留原有句子結構，照字面意思翻譯。例如：我們的朋友遍天下。如果譯成 “Our friends are all over the world”是直譯，而“We have friends all over the world”就是意譯。直譯以嚴格意義上的忠實為宗旨，意譯則更多考慮英語的特點。總之，選擇直譯還是意譯，應該根據文章具體需要而定，兩種譯法可以并用。
2、翻譯的變通手段
翻譯時不能簡單地或機械地逐字照譯，硬湊成英文，必須認真分析上下文，掌握詞的確切含義，然后用適當的英文表達，必要時應采用變通手段。
翻譯的變通手段1)增詞、減詞
譯文的增詞、減詞都是為了更確切、更忠實地表達原文的含義和精神。譯文中添加一些原文沒有的詞句，表面上看似不忠實，但仔細分析就會發現這些增加的詞句所表達的意思并非無中生有，而是隱含在原文中的。減詞則是在不影響原意的情況下省略無關緊要的詞語，避免拖泥帶水。
如“感冒可以通過人的手傳染”可以譯為Flu can be spread by hand contact.其中的contact(接觸)就是根據譯文需要添加上的。而“百姓出現做飯點火難現象”中的“現象”一詞可以省略，只譯成“people do not even have matches to light their stoves.”就足以表達原文中的信息。
我們分別來看幾個例句：
例1 我不覺得用英語與外國人交談有什么困難。
I don’t think it difficult to speak to a foreigner in English.
(增形式主詞it)
例2 虛心使人進步，驕傲使人落后。
Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.
(增連詞)
例3 他連續講了兩小時的法語，沒有出現任何的錯誤。
He has been speaking in French for two hours without any mistakes.
(省動詞)
例4 人群漸漸靜了下來。
Silence came over the crowds.
(省副詞)
翻譯的變通手段2)詞類轉換
詞類變形和轉換，是英語語言的一個很重要的特點，特別是名詞、動詞、形容詞這三種最主要的詞類，大部分可以直接轉換使用，或者稍加變化(前綴、后綴等) 即可轉換為另一種詞類。因此，詞類轉換是漢英翻譯中很重要的手段之一。如果運用得當，既可使譯文通順流暢，也能反映出英語的風格特點。下面將英漢互譯中最 常見的詞類轉換現象，作一個簡單的介紹。
A. 漢語中的動詞轉換成英語中的名詞
漢語中動詞用的較多，除了動賓結構外，還有連動式、兼語式等兩個動詞以上連用的現象。英語則不然，一句話往往只有一個謂語動詞，但英語中的名詞比漢語中的名詞用的多。基于兩種語言的這一特點，在漢譯英時常把漢語中的動詞轉換為英語中的名詞。例如：
你必須好好地照顧病人。
You must take good care of the patient.
他善于觀察。
He is a good observer.
在上述兩句中，"照顧"，"觀察"都是動詞，但譯成英語，則用的是名詞care和 observer。
反之，在翻譯過程中，有時也要把漢語中的名詞轉換成英語的動詞。例如：
他的演講給我們的印象很深。
His speech impressed us deeply.
漢語句子中“印象”是名詞，英語句子中則換成了動詞。
B. 漢語中的動詞轉換為英語的形容詞
漢語中一些表示知覺、情感的動詞，往往可以轉譯成英語系動詞+形容詞的結構，例如：
我為他的健康擔憂。
I am worried about his health.
我們對她所做的一切感到滿意。
We are satisfied with what she did.
C. 漢語中的形容詞轉化為英語中的名詞，反之亦然。
你說他傻不傻
Don"t you think he is an idiot
他的生日宴會很成功。
His birthday party was a great success.
形容詞“傻”換成了英語名詞 an idiot;“成功”換成了英語名詞success。
D. 其它轉換
除了最常見的名詞、動詞、形容詞之間的轉換，其它的詞類根據需要也可以互相轉換。不過要注意：這已不完全是詞類轉換的技巧，而是漢英思維和表達方式的不同了。例如：
露西和莉莉上同一個學校。
Lucy and Lily are in the same school.
我反對這項法律。
I am against the law.
“上學”在漢語里是動詞，而英語可以用介詞in 表達;“反對”也是動詞，英語用介詞against 表示。
Robinhood often looted the rich and helped the poor.
羅賓漢經常劫富濟貧。
英語形容詞rich, poor 換成了漢語的名詞“富、貧”。
She is physically weak but mentally sound.
她體質差但頭腦健全。
英語副詞physically 轉換成了漢語的名詞“體質”。
翻譯的變通手段3)語態轉換
由于在英漢兩種語言當中都有主動和被動兩種語態，在漢譯英時，人們常常會簡單地認為只要按照原句的語態處理就行了。事實上并非如此。在英語中被動語態的 使用頻率要遠遠高于漢語。如果一味按照原句的語態來翻譯，往往會使譯文顯得十分別扭。所以我們在漢譯英時需要靈活運用語態之間的轉換。
我們這里主要講三種情況：
漢語被動句的構成大致可分為兩類：一類帶有明顯的被動標記詞(就是“被”“讓”那些);另一類則沒有這種標記詞。人們通常使用后一類型的被動句。但不論哪一種類型，翻譯成英語時基本上仍可運用被動語態。
A. 用“被、通過、讓、給、遭、由、受、為……所”等標記詞表示被動語態的漢語被動句。這類句子一般表示較強的被動意義，強調被動的動作。
例1 這本書已經被譯成多種語言。
譯文：The book has already been translated into many languages.
簡評：原文強調的是“這本書”已經被翻譯成多種語言，并不強調是“誰”翻譯了這本書，不強調“翻譯”這個動作的施動者。因此，英語譯文采用被動語態完全符合原文表達內涵。
例2 這個小男孩在放學回家的路上受了傷。
譯文：The little boy was hurt on his way home from school.
簡評：小男孩受了傷，這是全句要表達的中心意思。但是他為什么會受傷被人打被車撞被石頭絆被異物砸句子沒有交代。一般情況下沒人會自己傷害自 己，因此在“受傷”這點上，男孩是動作的目標。中文采用“受”表明被動，英語也用被動語態來翻譯，目的是闡述小男孩受傷這個事實。
帶有上述被動標記的句子可以譯成英語的被動句。但是，也并不是所有帶有被動標記的句子都要這樣處理，要具體情況具體對待。
B. 被動標記詞不明顯的漢語被動句。這類句子一般都有主語和謂語動詞，但其主語實際上是動作承受者，并不是動作執行者。真正的動作執行者并沒有出現。這樣的句 子形式上是主動句，含義上卻是被動的。事實上，這種被動句在日常生活中使用頻率更高，在譯成英文時往往要采用被動語態。請看下列句子：
例3 門鎖好了。
譯文：The door has been locked up.
簡評：句子的主語是“門”，動作是“鎖”。但是眾所周知，一個非生命體“門”如何實施一個動作“鎖”很顯然，“門”也許是媽媽鎖上的。這句話沒有一個表示被動語態的被動標記詞，但卻是一個經典的被動語態句。因此，翻譯成英文時不能說成The door has locked itself.
例4 這個問題早解決了。
譯文：This problem has long been solved .
簡評：中文常說“問題有待解決”，這和本句結構相同，都是“解決”這個動作的目標——“問題”作整個句子的主語。但表示被動語態。英語里也只能說sb. solves the problem或 the problem is solved。
C. 除此之外，漢語還存在一種“怪現象”，即：用主動語態來表達被動意義。例如“在……中”嵌入及物動詞可用于表示被動意義。這種情況在譯成英語時，一般也選擇被動語態來翻譯。
例5 新住宅在建造中。
譯文：New houses are being built.
例6 新教材在印刷中。
譯文：New textbooks are being printed.
翻譯的變通手段4)分譯與合譯
句子的分譯與合譯是較為復雜的課題，也是翻譯中常需要解決的問題。通常情況下，長句要分譯，短句要合譯，但不可一概而論。決定分譯與合譯的重要因素還取決于句中的各個成分之間意思上的關聯，以及該句與上下文之間含義的連貫，同時還要符合英語的表達習慣。
A.句子的分譯
需要分譯的句子，多數是長句，或者是結構復雜的復句。這種句子如果翻譯成一個長句，就會使譯文累贅、冗長;如果采用分譯，就會使原文內容層次分明，譯文易于理解。比如：
餐館里只有幾個人，或許是因為天氣冷的緣故吧!
There were only a few people in the restaurant. Probably because of the cold weather!
由于我們考試中一般太長的句子也不常見，故不多舉例。
B. 句子的合譯
盡管英語句子日趨簡潔，但從句套從句，短語含短語也頻頻出現，較漢語而言長句多，所以在翻譯中，就要把漢語的兩個或多個句子合譯為英語的一句。例如：
對我來說，我的小房間就像我自己的一個小王國。我就是里面的國王。
To me my small room is like my own little kingdom, where I am king.
大學英語四級(6)
一 作文部分
1. 現在網上購物已成為一種時尚
2. 網上購物有很多好處，但也有不少問題
3. 我的建議
Online Shopping
Enormous strides of the Internet have paved the way for the mushrooming of online shopping, which is gaining growing popularity for the past year or two, a prevailing trend that we cannot afford to lose sight of. According to a recent survey conducted by Sina Weibo, an immensely popular microblogging service in the Middle Kingdom, approximately 90 percent of the respondents have once done web shopping。
It is beyond doubt that Internet shopping enjoys a host of virtues. To name only a few: the prices of the commodities and services you desire to purchase are typically lower in online shops than that in physical ones, and the sellers in some cases grant a bulk discount of some stuff possessing the same quality as offline items to consumers in an effort to boost sales volume; web-based shopping, to some extent, empowers customers to become increasingly adept at employing the Internet to determine how to spend their money offline。
Despite the various strengths of Internet-based shopping, the dark sides of it also exist, however. Take a concrete example. A tiny minority of merchants with evil motives use the false information to trick people into parting with credit cards and other personal details, which cost consumers dearly。
From my own perspective, the benefits of online shopping outweigh its disadvantages. Simply put, we are supposed to capitalize on its merits to serve our purposes and do all in our power to minimize its adverse impacts on us meanwhile. (由燕守偉老師提供)
二 快速閱讀部分
1 B) Its bad taste
2 A) an inadequate supply of food
3 B) Its people cared more for quantity
4 C) all kinds of overseas visitors
5 C) New ideas and presentations
6 D) maintain British traditional tastes
7 B) They are produced on excellent organic farms
8 local markets
9 in a British way
10 share their meals
三 聽力部分
11. A) He is careless about his appearance。
12. A) Jane may be caught in a traffic jam。
13. A) Training for the Mi-Atlantic Championship。
14. D) He has been having a hard time。
15. D) The woman thinks highly of the speaker。
16. C) The woman should seek help from the tutoring service。
17. C) Jill wore the overcoat last week。
18. B) An imaginary situation。
19. D) A sport he participates in。
20. D) He can’t decide whether to include the effort part of skiing。
21. A) New ideas come up as you write。
22. D) Hostess of the weekly “Business World”。
23. B) He and his wife did everything by themselves。
24. B) He advertises a lot on radio and in newspapers。
25. B) The restaurant atmosphere。
26. A) There are many false notions about it。
27. C) It can lead to the loss of vision in children。
28. D) It can only be partly accomplished now。
29. D) They have jobs and other commitments。
30. A) They don’t want to use up all their life savings。
31. C) Be frank and seek help from others。
32. A) Health and safety conditions in the workplace。
33. A) Replace its out-dated equipment。
34. A) They requested to transfer to a safer department。
35. C) To protest(微博) against the poor working conditions。
36. survive
37. distant
38. backward
39. discovered
40. scientific
41. motion
42. predicted
43. introduced
44. that move at the speed greater than light, and therefore might serve as a passport to the past
45. seems to have been a part of humanity for as long as humans have existed
46. used a definition of time for experimental purposes, is that which is measured by a clock
四 15選10部分
47 N) tend
48 L) negative
49 H) efficiently
50 B) associated
51 A) alert
52 D) function
53 F) definitely
54 O) younger
55 E) continuing
56 G) different
五 仔細閱讀部分
57 D) Interracial lodging may have diverse outcomes
58 D) Being surrounded by white peers motivates a black student to work harder to succeed
59 C) Roommates of different races just don’t get along
60 D) The school randomly assigns roommates without regard to race
61 B) It is unscientific to make generalizations about it without further study
62 B) Rates of death from illnesses have risen due to global warming
63 A) It was challenged by some climate and risk experts
64 B) It is invalid in terms of methodology
65 D) Its rough estimates are meant to draw the attention of world leaders
66 D) How rich countries can better help poor regions reduce climate hazards
六 完形填空部分
67 D ) to
68 C ) specific
69 A ) key
70 B ) different
71 B ) prevent
72 A ) in
73 C ) focus
74 A ) over
75 C ) rather
76 B ) consumed
77 A ) vital
78 C ) amazed
79 B ) contain
80 B ) interact
81 C ) on
82 D ) up
83 B ) fill
84 C ) avoid
85 D ) doubt
86 C ) impact
六 翻譯部分
87. nor did they make any explanation/ nor did they explain why
88. could be assigned to another task
89. at the risk of his own life/ risking his own life
90. it turned out that his assistant answered the phone/ it was his assistant who answered the call。
91. his father talked/ persuaded him into
由張培、燕守偉老師提供，丁曉鐘審定
大學英語四級(7)
大學英語四級四級作文模板
四級作文模板
(i)說明原因型模塊 currently, xx has been the order of the day. this does demonstrate the theory ,,, nothing is more valuable than xx it is clear that (1). if you (2), as a result, your dreams will come true. on the contrary, if you (3).failure will be following with you. it turns out that all your plan falls through. no one can deny another fact that (4).you don"t have to look very far to find out the truth, in respect that we all know (5).it will exert a profound influence upon (6).with reference to my standpoint, i think (7).注釋:1:xx的第一個優點2:支持xx的做法3:不
支持xx的做法4:xx的第二個優點5:舉例證明優點二6:說明xx優點三的影響第
三天我寫的相應作文:
the importance of self,confidence currently, self,confidence has been
the order of the day. this does demonstrate the theory ,,, nothing is
more valuable than self,confidence. it is clear that (self,confidence
means trust in one"s abilities). if you (are full of self,confidence,
it will bring your creative power to play, arouse your enthusiasm for work, and help you overcome difficulties), as a result, your dreams will come true. on the contrary, if you (have no confidence in yourself, there is little possibility that you would ever achieve anything ). failure will be following with you。it turns out that all your plan falls through. no one can deny another fact that (self,confidence gives you light when you
are in dark and encouragement when you are dismayed).you don"t have to look very far to find out the truth, in respect that we all know (the secret of mme. curie lies in perseverance and self,confidence, the latter in
particular). it will exert a profound influence upon (the achievement of one"s ambitions). with reference to my standpoint, i think (he that can have self,confidence can have what he will).
(i)說明原因型模塊(2) in recent years, xx has caused a heated debate on (1). the factors for (2).first of all, (3).then, there comes a case that (4). moreover, (5). especially when (6).indeed, these unique points can be collected the remind people that (7).in this way, we should behave just like (8).
the impact of television in recent years, with the development of science and technology, 80 percent of all homes in china have satellite tv, offering as many as 50 channels. it has caused a heated debate on (the impact of television on children). many parents are worried about the impact of so much television on children. the factors for (parents" worry is that children are indulge in television and spend too much time on it.).first of all, (with so many programs to choose from, children are not getting as much exercise as they should ).then, there comes a case that (some studies have show that excessive watching of television by
millions of children has lowered their ability to achieve in school ). moreover, (the effect on children"s minds are more serious than the effect on children"s bodies). especially when (the children are too small to judge what programs are suit to them).indeed, these unique points can be connected to remind parents that (they should pay close attention to and responsibilities for supervising their children"s tv viewing).in this way, children will not be influenced too deeply.
(i)說明原因型模塊(4)for most of us today, (1). from above, we can find that the reasons why (2)are as follows.the primary reason, i think, is (3).second,(4). the third reason, actually, is (5).the significance for (6)。therefore, (7).注釋:(1)人們針對xx的態度和舉措(2)歸納現狀(3)第一
個原因(4)第二個原因(5)第三個原因(6)重申造成現狀的最重要原因
pollution most of us today (recognize that environmental pollution has been a greatly serious problem. lots of plants trees corps are destroyed by bad air. many fish die of poisonous water. thousands of people die from eating poisoned fish or breathing in gas. therefore, environmental pollution should be responsible for these diseases that are disabling, or bringing death not only to human beings, but also to wild life.)from above, we can find that the reasons why (environment are polluted more and more seriously)are as follows. the primary reason, i think, is (the reason of harmful substances into environment. for example, to prevent insects, farmers make use of great amounts of insecticides, so as to have bumper harvests. however, they pollute air, water and land ).second,(the gas coming from the car engines and factories also make environment polluted badly ). the third reason actually is (the result of a growing population in the world. everyday, so much litter and waste are poured out from houses, also pollute the environment ). the significance for (controlling pollution) noted that it"s high time that more effective measures should be taken. therefore, (new laws should be passed to limit the amount of pollutants from factories. moreover, in the households, there is an obvious need to reduce litter and waste. let"s make our good efforts, and the world will be a safer place to live for us). (i)說明原因型模塊(5)these days we often hear that (1).it is common that (2). why does such circumstance occur in spite of social protects? for one thing, (3).for another, (4). what is more, since (5),it is natural that (6 ).to solve the problem is not easy at all, but is worth trying. we should do something such as (7) to improve he present situation, and i do believe everything will be better in the future.(1)提出論題(2)說
明現狀(3)理由一(4)理由二(5)理由三(6)理由三引起的后果(7)解決方法
pollution of environment these days we often hear that (our living
conditions are getting more and more serious because of the destruction of our environment ).it is common that (many trees and animals are near extinction, and the all,important food chain has been destroyed.).
why does such circumstance occur in spite of social protects? for one
thing, (the population of the world is increasing so rapidly that the world has been so crowded. ).for another,(the overuse of natural resources has influenced the balance of natural ecology ). what is more, since (the industrial revolution ),it is natural that (a great number of factories have been springing up like mushrooms. the smoke and harmful chemicals released from factories also pollute the environment). to solve the
problem is not easy at all, but is worthing. we should do something such as (planting more trees, equipping cars with pollution,control devices
and learning to recycling natural resources )to improve the present situation, and i do believe everything will be better in the future. 寫作模板——圖表式作文 it is obvious in the graphic/table that the
rate/number/amount of y has undergone dramatic changes. it has gone up/grown/fallen/dropped considerably in recent years (as x varies). at
). what is the reason the point of x1, y reaches its peak value of …(多少
for this change? mainly there are … (多少)reasons behind the situation
reflected in the graphic/table. first of all, …(第一個原因). more
importantly, …(第二個原因). most important of all, …(第三個原因). from
the above discussions, we have enough reason to predict what will happen in the near future. the trend described in the graphic/table will continue for quite a long time (if necessary measures are not taken括號里的使
用于那些不太好的變化趨勢).
寫作模板——提綱式作文1( 對立觀點式 a. 有人認為x 是好事，贊成x， 為
是壞事， 反對x，為什么,c. 我的看法。 some people are 什么,b. 有人認為x
in favor of the idea of doing x. they point out the fact that 支持x 的
第一個原因。they also argue that 支持x 的另一個原因。however, other
people stand on a different ground. they consider it harmful to do x. they firmly point out that 反對x 的第一個理由。 an example can give the
details of this argument: there is some truth in both arguments. but i think the advantages of x overweigh the disadvantages. in addition to the above,mentioned negative effects it might bring about, x also may x 的
有一個壞處。
2( 批駁觀點式 a(一個錯誤觀點。 b( 我不同意。 many people argue that
錯誤觀點。by saying that, they mean 對這個觀點的進一步解釋。an example
they have presented is that 一個例子。(according to a survey performed
by x on a group of y, almost 80, of them 贊成這個錯誤觀點或者受到這個
錯誤觀點的影響)。 there might be some element of truth in these people’s belief. but if we consider it in depth, we will feel no reservation to conclude that 與錯誤觀點相反的觀點。there are a number of reasons behind
my belief. (以下參照辯論文的議論文寫法)。
3( 社會問題(現象)式 a(一個社會問題或者現象b( 產生的原因 c(對社會
和我們生活的影響 d( 如何杜絕。(如果是問題的話)e( 前景的預測。 nowadays,
there exists an increasingly serious social/economic/environmental problem. (x has increasingly become a common concern of the public). according to a survey, 調查內容說明這種現象的情況。(或者是一個例子)。
there are a couple of reasons booming this problem/phenomenon.下面參照
辯論式議論文寫法。 x has caused substantial impact on the society and our daily life, which has been articulated in the following aspects. 參照
辯論式議論文的寫法。 a dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent x from bringing us more harm. 同上based on the above discussions, i can easily forecast that more and more people will ……..
辯論式議論文模版1 some people believe (argue, recognize, think)that 觀
點1. but other people take an opposite side. they firmly believe that 觀點2. as for me, i agree to the former/latter idea. there are a dozen of reasons behind my belief. first of all, 論據1. more importantly, 論
據2. most important of all, 論據3. in summary, 總結觀點. as a college
student, i am supposed to 表決心.或:from above, we can predict that 預
測.
people hold different views about x. some people are of the opinion 模版2
that 觀點1, while others point out that 觀點2. as far as i am concerned, the former/latter opinion holds more weight. for one thing, 論據1.for
another, 論據2. last but not the least, 論據3. to conclude, 總結觀點.
. 或 from above, we can as a college student, i am supposed to 表決心
predict that 預測.
模版3 there is no consensus of opinions among people about x(爭論的焦
點)。some people are of the view that 觀點1，while others take an opposite side, firmly believing that 觀點2。as far as i am concerned, the
former/latter notion is preferable in many senses. the reasons are obvious.
first of all, 論據1。 furthermore, 論據2。among all of the supporting
evidences, one is the strongest. that is, 論據3。 a natural conclusion
from the above discussion is that總結觀點。 as a college student, i am
supposed to 表決心. 或 from above, we can predict that 預測.
大學英語四級(8)
公共英語四級與大學英語四級的區別
很多人都聽說過大學英語四級，但是對于公共英語四級又了解多少。接下來就讓我們一起簡單的了解下公共英語四級和大學英語四級的區別。
公共英語四級和大學英語四級的區別
公共英語四級，簡稱PETS-4。是教育部考試中心設計并負責的全國性英語水平考試體系。作為中、英兩國政府的教育交流合作項目，在設計過程中它得到了英國專家的技術支持。通過公共英語四級考試，考生的英語水平是中上級。
大學英語四級考，簡稱CET-4，是由國家教育部高等教育司主持的全國性教學考試。考試的主要對象是根據教育大綱修完大學英語四級的在校大學本科生或研究生。
區別一：考試對象
公共英語四級考試不受理義務教育階段的學生報考。
大學英語四級考試的主要對象是根據教育大綱修完大學英語四級的在校大學本科生或研究生。
區別二：分數不同
公共英語四級有口試分數和筆試分數兩種，口試滿分5分，3分以上(含3分)為合格。筆試滿分100分，60分以上(含60分)為合格。
大學英語四級總分為710分，沒有設置合格線，四級考分達到425分以上可以報考六級。
區別三：考試題型及難度
公共英語四級考試分為筆試和口試兩部分，其中筆試包括：聽力、語言知識、閱讀和寫作。筆試和口試均合格者，由教育部考試中心頒發給《全國英語等級考試合格證書》。
大學英語四級考試分為筆試和口試兩部分，其中筆試包括寫作、聽力、閱讀、翻譯，口試則是自主選擇，筆試550分以上可以選擇報名參加口試。
公共英語四級相當于大學英語六級，大學英語四級相當于公共英語三級。
通過上文的介紹，相信大家都對公共英語四級和大學英語四級的區別有所了解，大家可以根據自身的情況選擇適合自己的考試，提升自己的英語水平。
大學英語四級(9)
《大學英語四級證書》、《計算機國家二級證》、《中國物流職業經中級證書》
特長：1.待人真誠,做事有上進心,頭腦靈活,接受能力強。處事自信、認真、有主見,不怕辛苦。
2.性格開朗，善于交際。
2000.06——2003.07 初中 河地鄉中學
2003.09——2006.06 高中 蒼溪縣實驗中學
2006.09——2011.06 大學 江西藍天學院
2011.04——至今 信息化管理 蒼溪移動分公司
大學英語四級(10)
一、復習建議：
1. 加強歷史、文化、經濟以及社會發展相關熱詞的積累
2. 廣撒網，學習、揣摩這些話題相關的難點單句訓練
做這些單句訓練時，先閱讀1遍整個段落，專門挑出自己覺得比較難翻的句子，然后重點練習這一句的翻譯。難句會了，簡單句自然不在話下。
在做單句翻譯時，先嘗試自己翻，翻完以后，對照答案，看解析，總結和揣摩其中好的詞匯和表達。下面請大家跟著教研君給出的常考單句示例，具體學習吧~
1. 對于大多數年輕人來說，結婚意味著獨立組建家庭，然而物價的不斷上漲使這一切變得越來越困難。
參考譯文：For most young people, marriage means setting up a family independently, which has become increasingly difficult because of the constantly rising prices.
詞匯點評：
組建家庭：set up a family。有同學容易使用start a family。start a family表示begin to have children“開始生兒育女”。
越來越：一般看到“越來越”大家習慣譯為more and more，比如“越來越多的人”more and more people，但譯為a growing number of people可令人眼前為之一亮；而表達“變得越來越”的含義時，使用become increasingly的譯法更好。
物價的不斷上漲：constantly rising prices，而不是price rising。
表達點評：
本句是一個表轉折關系的并列句，后半句中的“物價的不斷上漲使這一切……”中的“這一切”指代前半句中提到的“結婚意味著獨立組建家庭”，因此，用which引導的非限制性定語從句，讓整個句子簡潔明了。
使字句的翻譯：“物價的不斷上漲”是“這一切變得困難”的原因，因此處理為原因狀語，用because of…來帶出原因。
2. 過去十年中國房地產（real estate）行業高速發展。
參考譯文：The past decade has witnessed a high-speed development in China"s real estate.
詞匯點評：
十年：decade
高速發展：develop rapidly; high-speed development
表達點評：
本句可直譯為For the past decade, China"s real estate developed rapidly，但如果以“過去十年”作為主語，套用句型time + see / witness + sth.則表達更加生動形象，更易提分。see / witness意為“見證，證明”，具體使用時注意時態應和語境一致。所以本句譯為：The past decade has witnessed…更地道，注意這里使用現在完成時。
“過去十年”作主語時，注意動詞短語“高速發展”要轉換為名詞短語。
3. 胡同（Hutong）是北京的一大特色，有著與北京城一樣久遠的歷史。
參考譯文：Hutong, with a history as long as that of Beijing city, is a major feature of Beijing.
詞匯點評：
特色：feature; characteristic
與……一樣：as … as
表達點評：
文化類段落翻譯中經常考到“特色”一詞的翻譯，大家一定要牢記。
前半句“胡同（Hutong）是北京的一大特色”是句子主干，后半句“有著與北京城一樣久遠的歷史”可用介詞短語with a history as long as that of Beijing city來表達，以插入語的形式置于主語之后，這樣整個句子的中心更突出。
二、考場“強心針”：
1. 問：翻譯過程中，表達優美重要，還是正確性重要？
答：正確性更重要。如果覺得自己不能翻得特別好，那就首先保證盡可能少的語法錯誤，意思表達到即可，抓到分是關鍵。
2. 問：平時積累了不少詞匯和表達，到了翻譯段落時，突然不會了，最后翻得不是太好？
答：這種情況分兩種原因：1）太急著下筆，段落含義沒有理解透徹。同學在做漢譯英時，一定要首先認真把整個中文段落多讀幾遍，理順其中隱含的邏輯關系和信息，確定用哪個詞做主語、謂語、定語，然后再下筆真正開始翻譯。2）同學的語法功底稍有欠缺，這種情況，盡量把漢語的長句子拆成短句子。同樣是要多讀中文，才能先把中文拆分好，然后逐句、逐句去翻譯。
3. 問：我翻譯的時態總跟答案的時態有出入，怎么辦？
答：舉幾個實例來跟同學講解下。1）遇到“近年來……某種現象越來越……”的表達。首先揣摩該現象是否有“正在進行而且將一直持續下去的趨勢”，如果符合該條件，使用現在進行時就可以把這個隱含意義完美表達出來。2）強調過去某一現象或從過去延續至今的動作對現在造成的影響，多用現在完成時態。比如“過去十年，中國的房地產業經歷了前所未有的高速增長。”這句中就要使用現在完成時態而非一般過去時。
11.大事化小小事化了 try first to make their mistake sound less serious and then to reduce it to nothing at all
12.大開眼界 open one"s eyes; broaden one"s horizon; be an eye-opener
13.國泰民安 The country flourishes and people live in peace?
14.過猶不及 going too far is as bad as not going far enough; beyond is as wrong as falling short; too much is as bad as too little
15.功夫不負有心人 Everything comes to him who waits.
16.好了傷疤忘了疼 once on shore, one prays no more
17.好事不出門惡事傳千里 Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news spread far and wide.
18.和氣生財 Harmony brings wealth.
19.活到老學到老 One is never too old to learn.
20.既往不咎 let bygones be bygones
21.金無足赤人無完人 Gold can"t be pure and man can"t be perfect.
22.金玉滿堂 Treasures fill the home.
23.腳踏實地 be down-to-earth
24.腳踩兩只船 sit on the fence
25.君子之交淡如水 the friendship between gentlemen is as pure as crystal; a hedge between keeps friendship green
26.老生常談陳詞濫調 cut and dried, cliché
27.禮尚往來 Courtesy calls for reciprocity.
28.留得青山在不怕沒柴燒 Where there is life, there is hope.
29.馬到成功 achieve immediate victory; win instant success
30.名利雙收 gain in both fame and wealth
31.茅塞頓開 be suddenly enlightened
32.沒有規矩不成方圓 Nothing can be accomplished without norms or standards. 33.每逢佳節倍思親 On festive occasions more than ever one thinks of one"s dear ones far is on the festival occasions when one misses his dear most.
34.謀事在人成事在天 The planning lies with man, the outcome with Heaven. Man proposes, God disposes.
35.弄巧成拙 be too smart by half; Cunning outwits itself
36.拿手好戲 masterpiece
37.賠了夫人又折兵 throw good money after bad
38.拋磚引玉 a modest spur to induce others to come forward with valuable contributions; throw a sprat to catch a whale
39.破釜沉舟 cut off all means of retreat；burn one‘s own way of retreat and be determined to fight to the end
40.搶得先機 take the preemptive opportunities
41.巧婦難為無米之炊 If you have no hand you can"t make a fist. One can"t make bricks without straw.
42.千里之行始于足下 a thousand-li journey begins with the first step--the highest eminence is to be gained step by step
43.前事不忘后事之師 Past experience, if not forgotten, is a guide for the future. 44.前人栽樹后人乘涼 One generation plants the trees in whose shade another generation sows and another reaps.
45.前怕狼后怕虎 fear the wolf in front and the tiger behind hesitate in doing something
46.強龍難壓地頭蛇 Even a dragon (from the outside) finds it hard to control a snake in its old haunt - Powerful outsiders can hardly afford to neglect local bullies.
47.強強聯手 win-win co-operation
48.瑞雪兆豐年 A timely snow promises a good harvest.
49.人之初性本善 Man"s nature at birth is good.
50.人逢喜事精神爽 Joy puts heart into a man.
51.人海戰術 huge-crowd strategy
52.世上無難事只要肯攀登 Where there is a will, there is a way.
53.世外桃源 a fictitious land of peace away from the turmoil of the world;
54.死而后已 until my heart stops beating
55.歲歲平安 Peace all year round.
56.上有天堂下有蘇杭 Just as there is paradise in heaven, ther are Suzhou and Hangzhou on earth
57.塞翁失馬焉知非福 Misfortune may be an actual blessing.
58.三十而立 A man should be independent at the age of thirty, a man should be able to think for himself.
59.升級換代 updating and upgrading (of products)
60.四十不惑 Life begins at forty.
73.團結就是力量Unity is strength.
74.“跳進黃河洗不清”"eve if one jumped into the Yellow River, one can not wash oneself clean--there"s nothing one can do to clear one"s name "
75.歪風邪氣unhealthy practices and evil phenomena
76.物以類聚，人以群分Birds of a feather flock together.
77.往事如風"The past has vanished (from memory) like wind.; What in past, is pas
78.望子成龍hold high hopes for one"s child
79.屋漏又逢連陰雨Misfortunes never come singly. When it rains it pours.
80.文韜武略military expertise; military strategy
81.唯利是圖draw water to one"s mill
82.無源之水,無本之木water without a source, and a tree wiithout roots
83.無中生有make create something out of nothing
84.無風不起浪There are no waves without wind. There"s no smoke without fire. 85.徇私枉法bend the law for the benefit of relatives or friends
86.新官上任三把火a new broom sweeps clean
87.虛心使人進步,驕傲使人落后Modesty helps one go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.
88. 蓄勢而發accumulate strength for a take-off
89.心想事成May all your wish come true
90.心照不宣have a tacit understanding; give tacit consent; tacit understanding
102.有錢能使鬼推磨Money makes the mare go. Money talks.
103. 有識之士people of vision
104.有勇無謀use brawn rather than brain
105.有緣千里來相會Separated as we are thousands of miles apart, we come together as if by predestination.
106.與時俱進advance with times
107.以人為本people oriented; people foremost
108.因材施教teach students according to their aptitude
109.欲窮千里目，更上一層樓"to ascend another storey to see a thousand miles further; Ascend further, were you to look farther; Would eye embrace a thousand miles? Go up, one flight." a land of milk and honey
110.欲速則不達Haste does not bring success.
111. 優勝劣汰survival of the fittest
112.英雄所見略同Great minds think alike.
113.冤家宜解不宜結Better make friends than make enemies.
114.冤假錯案"cases in which people were unjustly, falsely or wrongly charged or sentenced; unjust, false or wrong cases"
115.一言既出，駟馬難追A real man never goes back on his words.
116.招財進寶Money and treasures will be plentiful
117.債臺高筑become debt-ridden
119. 眾矢之的target of public criticism
120.知己知彼,百戰不殆Know the enemy and know yourself, and you can fight a hundred battles with no danger of defeat.
121. 紙上談兵be an armchair strategist
122.紙包不住火Truth will come to light sooner or later.
123.左右為難between the devil and the deep blue sea
中國社會常用詞
多元文化論 cultural pluralism?
文化適應 acculturation?
社會保障 social security?
班車 shuttle bus
相定遷戶 a relocated unit or household?
大齡青年 single youth above the normal matrimonial age
獨生子女 the only child in a family?
單親 single parent?
福利彩票 welfare lotteries?
家政服務 household management service?
民工 migrant laborers?
名人 celebrity
農村剩余勞動力 surplus rural labor/laborers?
青春期 puberty
全民健身運動 nationwide fitness campaign?
全國人口普查 nationwide census?
社會保險 social insurance?
暫住證 temporary residence permit/card?
青少年犯罪 juvenile delinquency?
性騷擾 sexual harassment?
走私 smuggling
*性另歧視 gender/sexual discrimination?
年齡歧視 age discrimination?
工作歧視 job discrimination?
享樂主義hedonism?
文盲 illiteracy
貧富分化 disparity between the rich and the poor?
盜版 pirated/illegal copies?
一國兩制 One Country, Two Systems?
三個代表 the Three Represents Theory?
兩會（人大、政協）Two Conferences (NPC and CPPCC)
南南合作 South-South Cooperation
南北對話 North-South Dialog
人大常委會 People’s Congress Standing Committee
法制觀念 awareness of law
法制國家 a country with an adequate legal system
改革開放 reform and opening-up
公務員 civil servants
官僚主義作風 the bureaucratic style of work?
和諧并存 harmonious coexistence?
計劃生育 family planning
計劃生育基本國策 the basic state policy of family planning
4青才申文明建設 the construction of spiritual civilization?
居委會 neighborhood committee
科教興國 national rejuvenation through science and education?
可持續發展 sustainable development?
廉潔高效 honesty and high efficiency?
兩岸關系 cross-straits relations?
兩岸談判 cross-straits negotiations?
領 土完整 territorial integrity?
民族精神 national spirit?
普選制 general election system
求同存異 seek common ground while shelving differences?
人大代表NPC member
物質文明和精神文明 material and spiritual civilization
小康社會 a well-off society
小康水平 a well-off standard
一個中國原則 the one-China principle
與時俱進 keep pace with the times
綜合國力 overall national strength
共同愿望common desire
“走出去”（戰略）going global
不結盟 non-alignment
單邊主義 unilateralism
多邊政策 multilateralism
多極世界 multipolar world
人 口 老齡化 aging of population
人口出生率birth rate
社區月服務 community service
道德法庭 court of ethics
盜用公款embezzlement
成人夜校 night school for adults
在職進修班 on-job training courses
政治思想教育 political and ideological education
畢業生分酉己 graduate placement; assignment of graduate
充電 update one’s knowledge
初等教育 elementary education
大學城 college town
大學社區 college community
高等教育 higher education
高等教育“211 工程” the “211 Project” for higher education
高等學府 institution of higher education
綜合性大學 comprehensive university
文科院校 colleges of (liberal) arts
理工科大學 college / university of science and engineering
師范學院 teachers’ college; normal college
高分低能 high scores and low abilities
高考(university/college) entrance examination
高校擴招 the college expansion plan
教育界 education circle
教育投入 input in education
九年義務教育 nine-year compulsory education
考研 take the entrance exams for postgraduate schools
課外活動 extracurricular activities
必修課 required/compulsory course?
選修課 elective/optional course?
基礎課 basic courses?
專業課 specialized courses?
課程表 school schedule?
教學大綱 teaching program; syllabus?
學習年限 period of schooling?
學歷 record of formal schooling?
學分 credit
啟發式教學 heuristic teaching?
人才交流 talent exchange?
人才戰 competition for talented people?
商務英語證書 Business English Certificate (BEC)?
適齡兒重入學率 enrollment rate for children of school age
升學率 proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade; enrollment rate
總需求 aggregate demand?
總供給 aggregate supply?
企業文化 corporate/entrepreneurial culture?
企業形象 corporate image (Cl); enterprise image?
跨國公司 cross-national corporation?
創業精神 enterprising spirit; pioneering spirit?
外資企業 foreign-funded enterprise
獵頭公司head-hunter?
假日經濟 holiday economy?
人力資本human capital?
航空和航天工業aerospace industry?
飛機制造工業aircraft industry?
電子工業 electronic industry?
汽車制造工業 car industry?
娛樂業 entertainment industry?
信息產業 information industry?
知識密集型產業 knowledge-intensive industry?
國有大中型企業 large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises?
輕工業 light industry?
博彩業 lottery industry?
制造業 manufacturing industry?
壟斷行業 monopoly industries?
市場多元化 market diversification?
市場經濟 market economy?
市場監管 market supervision?
購買力 purchasing power?
熊市 bear market?
牛市 bull market?
城鎮化 urbanization?
房地產 real estate?
首付 down-payment?
業主 home owner
個人購房貸款 individual housing loan?
經濟全球化 economic globalization?
經濟特區 special economic zones (SEZ)
經濟增長 economic growth?
泡沫經濟 bubble economy 關稅tariff
納稅人tax payer?
宏觀經濟macro economy?
貨幣投放量 the size of money supply?
流動性過剩excess liquidity?
經濟過熱 overheated economy?
通貨膨脹inflation?
抑制通貨膨脹curb inflation?
注入流動性 to inject liquidity?
貼現率 discount rate
存款準備金率 reserve requirement ratio (RRR)
公開市場業務 open market operation (OMO)
逆回購 reverse repurchase agreement; reverse repo?
引導降低市場借貸成本to guide the market borrowing costs to a lower level?
穩健的貨幣政策prudent monetary policy?
微調貨幣政策 to fine-tune monetary policy
硬著陸 hard landing?
軟著陸 soft landing?
二十國集團 Group of Twenty (G2O)
財政部長 Finance Minister
全年預期經濟增長目標the expected growth target for the whole year?
經濟活力 economic vitality
大規模經濟刺激計劃 a massive economic stimulus package?
結構改革 structural reform
硬資產 hard assets?
軟資產 soft assets?
有形資產 tangible assets?
經濟走廊 economic corridor?
整頓市場秩序 to rectify the market order?
反壟斷 antitrust; anti-monopoly?
定價浮動 price fluctuations?
謀求利益最大化 to maximize profit?
債務審計audit of debt
地方性政府債務 local government debt/liability?
公共財政體制改革 an overhaul of the public finance system
債務管理 debt management?
信用支持 credit support
京劇 Peking opera?
秦腔 Qin opera?
功夫Kungfo?
太極Tai Chi?
口 技 ventriloquism?
木偶戲puppet show?
皮影戲 shadowplay?
折子戲 opera highlights?
雜技 acrobatics?
相聲 witty dialogue comedy?
刺繡 embroidery?
蘇繡 Suzhou embroidery?
泥人 clay figure?
書法 calligraphy
中國畫 traditional Chinese painting?
水墨畫 Chinese brush painting?
中國結 Chinese knot
中國古代四大發明 the four great inventions of ancient China?
火藥 gunpowder?
印刷術printing?
造紙術 paper-making?
指南針 the compass?
青銅器 bronze ware?
瓷器 porcelain; china
唐三彩 tri-color glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty
景泰藍cloisonne
秋千swing
武術 martial arts
儒家思想Confucianism
儒家文化 Confucian culture
道教 Taoism
墨家Mohism
法家 Legalism
佛教 Buddhism
孔子 Confucius
孟子 Mencius
老子 Lao Tzu
莊子 Chuang Tzu
墨子 Mo Tzu
孫子Sun Tzu
象形文字 pictographic characters
文房四寶（筆墨紙觀）the Four Treasures of the Study (brush, ink stick, paper, and ink stone)
《大學》The Great Learning
《中庸》The Doctrine of the Mean
《論語》The Analects of Confucius
《孟子》The Mencius
《孫子兵法》The Art of War
《三國演義》Three Kingdoms
《西游爺己》Journey to the West
《紅樓夢》Dream of the Red Mansions
《水滸傳》Heroes of the Marshes
《山海經》The Classic of Mountains and Rivers
《資治通鑒》History as a Mirror
《春秋》The Spring and Autumn Annals
《史記》Historical Records
《詩經》The Book of Songs
《易經》The I Ching; The Book of Changes
《禮記》The Book of Rites
《三字經》Three-character Scriptures
八股文 eight-part essay
五言絕句 five-character quatrain
七言律詩 seven-character octave
旗袍 cheongsam
中山裝 Chinese tunic suit
唐裝 Tang suit
風水 Fengshui; geomantic omen?
陽歷 Solar calendar?
陰歷 Lunar calendar?
閏年 leap year?
十二生肖zodiac?
春節 the Spring Festival?
元宵節 the Lantern Festival
清明節 the Tomb-sweeping Day?
端午節 the Dragon-boat Festival?
中秋節 the Mid-autumn Day?
重陽節 the Double-ninth Day?
七夕節 the Double-seventh Day?
春聯 spring couplets?
廟會 temple fair?
爆竹 firecracker
年畫（traditional) New Year pictures?
壓歲錢 New Year gift-money
舞龍dragon dance
元宵 sweet sticky rice dumplings?
花燈 festival lantern
燈謎 lantern riddle
舞獅 lion dance
踩高蹺 stilt walking
賽龍舟 dragon boat race
胡同hutong
山東菜 Shandong cuisine?
川菜 Sichuan cuisine?
粵菜 Canton cuisine?
揚州菜 Yangzhou cuisine?
月餅 moon cake?
年糕 rice cake?
油條 deep-fried dough sticks?
豆漿 soybean milk?
饅頭 steamed buns?
花卷 steamed twisted rolls?
包子 steamed stuffed buns?
北京烤鴨 Beijing roast duck?
拉面 hand-stretched noodles?
餛飩 wonton (dumplings in soup)
豆腐 tofu? bean curd?
麻花 fried dough twist?
燒餅 clay oven rolls?
皮蛋 100-year egg; century egg?
蛋炒飯 fried rice with egg?
糖葫蘆 tomatoes on sticks?
火鍋hot pot
長城 the Great Wall of China?
烽火臺 beacon tower
秦士臺皇陵 the Mausoleum of Emperor Qinshihuang
兵馬俑 Terracotta Warriors and Horses
大雁塔 Big Wild Goose Pagoda
絲綢之路the Silk Road
敦煌莫高窟Mogao Grottoes
華清池 Huaqing Hot Springs
五臺山"Wutai Mountain
九華山 Jiuhua Mountain
蛾眉山Mount Emei
泰山 Mount Tai
黃山 Mount Huangshan; the Yellow Mountain?
故宮 the Imperial Palace
天壇 the Temple of Heaven?
午門 Meridian Gate
大運河 Grand Canal
護城河the Moat
回音壁Echo Wall
居庸關 Juyongguan Pass
九龍壁 the Nine Dragon Wall
黃帝陵 the Mausoleum of Emperor Huangdi
十三陵 the Ming Tombs
蘇州園林 Suzhou gardens
西湖 West Lake
九寨溝 Jiuzhaigou Valley
日月潭 Sun Moon Lake
布達拉宮Potala Palace
鼓樓 drum tower
四合院 quadrangle; courtyard complex
孔廟 Confucius Temple
樂山大佛 Leshan Giant Buddha
十八羅漢 the Eighteen Disciples of the Buddha
喇嘛Lama
轉世靈重 reincarnated soul boy 中藥 traditional Chinese medicine
《黃帝內經》Emperor Huangdi，s Canon of Traditional Chinese Medicine?
《神農本草經》Shennong，s Herbal Classic?
《本草綱目》Compendium of Materia Medica?
針灸 acupuncture?
推拿 medical massage?
切脈 feeling the pulse?
五禽戲 five-animal exercises?
舊石器時代 the Paleolithic Age?
新石器時代 the Neolithic Age; New Stone Age?
母系氏族社會 matriarchal clan society?
封建的feudal?
朝代 dynasty?
秦朝 Qin Dynasty?
漢朝 Han Dynasty?
唐朝 Tang Dynasty?
宋朝 Song Dynasty?
元朝 Yuan Dynasty?
明朝 Ming Dynasty?
清朝 Qing Dynasty
秦士臺皇帝 Emperor Qinshihuang; the First Emperor of Qin
皇太后 Empress Dowager
漢高祖劉邦 Liu Bang, Emperor Hangaozu, founder of the Han Dynasty?
成吉思汗Genghis Khan?
春秋時期 the Spring and Autumn Period?
文成公主 Tang Princess Wencheng?
慈禧太后 Empress Dowager Ci Xi?
皇帝，君主 emperor; monarch?
諸侯vassal
皇妃 imperial concubine?
丞相，宰相 prime minister?
太監 court eunuch?
少數民族 ethnic minority?
祭祀 offer sacrifices?
西域 the Western Regions?
戰國 the Warring States?
中華文明 Chinese civilization?
文明的搖籃 cradle of civilization
秦始皇統一中國 unification of the country by Emperor Qinshihuang?
鴉片戰爭the Opium War?
太平天國 the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom?
戌戌變法 the Reform Movement of 1898?
辛亥革命 the 1911 Revolution?
新民主主義革命 New-democratic Revolution?
五四運動 the May 4th Movement of 1919?
南昌起義 Nanchang Uprising?
918 事變 September 18th Incident?
長征 the Long March?
西安事變 Xi"an Incident?
南京大屠殺Nanjing Massacre?
抗日戰爭 the War of Resistance Against Japan?
毛澤東 Mao Tse-tong?
孫中山 Sun Yat-sen?
蔣介石 Chiang Kai-shek?
國民黨 Kuomingtang
中華人民共和國 the People’s Republic of China (PRC)
滿族 Manchu
蒙古人Mongol
士大夫 scholar-officials
學者 scholar
詩人 poet
政治家statesman
社會地位social status
大學英語四級(11)
大學英語四級考試試卷
UCET Band 4A (2007-07-03)
Part I Listening Comprehension (35 %)
Section A: Conversations (15%)
Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
1. A) A holiday. B) Luck.
C) Work. D) An accident.
2. A) She prefers the stadium. B) She agrees with the man.
C) The light isn’t bright enough. D) The dining hall isn’t large enough.
3. A) Two hours by train. B) One hour by train.
C) One hour by bus. D) One hour by car.
4. A) English. B) Canadian.
C) Australian. D) Austrian.
5. A) Straight ahead on the street. B) On the right.
C) On the left. D) Over there.
6. A) Crown’s. B) Mrs. Peterson’s.
C) Peter’s. D) Mr. Peterson’s.
7. A) Dentist and patient. B) Schoolmates.
C) Roommates. D) Workmates.
8. A) Because she was not at home. B) Because she didn’t hear the phone ring.
C) Because she was washing her hair. D) Because she didn’t want to answer.
Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
9. A) She generally doesn’t allow people to borrow it. B) She is trying to sell it.
C) She bought it from a friend. D) It has broken down before.
10. A) The woman could probably repair it herself. B) It’s rather small.
C) It probably won’t cost a lot to repair. D) It’s probably difficult to drive.
11. A) He only works on new cars. B) He has fixed her car before.
C) He is one of her neighbors. D) He will probably overcharge her.
12. A) Take the woman to her home. B) Test-drive the woman’s car.
C) Help the woman pay the bill. D) Help the woman fix her car.
Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
13. A) She felt embarrassed in class. B) Her presentation received a poor grade.
C) She had not completed her assignment. D) She was unable to attend her psychology class.
14. A) She’d be able to leave quickly.
B) She’d be less nervous.
C) She’d be able to locate where the man was seated.
D) She’d know when her professor arrived.
15. A) They blush (臉紅) more readily than women do.
B) They’re uncomfortable when performing in front of adults.
C) They don’t respond to stress well.
D) They blush less frequently than adults do.
Section B: Short Passages (10%)
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Passage One
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16. A) She does her shopping. B) She drinks extra tea.
C) She eats a lot of things. D) She sleeps a great deal.
17. A) Problems with the teachers.
B) Problems with family members or friends.
C) Problems with class work.
D) Problems with a part-time job.
18. A) Talking to someone over the phone. B) Drinking some diet coke.
C) Playing a video game. D) Drinking extra tea.
Passage Two
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
19. A) They were able to carry some goods.
B) They were able to stay up in the air for half an hour and more in the machine.
C) They wee able to carry travelers.
D) They were able to fly it around Dayton.
20. A) Nothing. B) A lot.
C) Hardly anything. D) A little.
21. A) The reporters didn’t believe what people told them about the flights.
B) The Government didn’t give the Wrights any money.
C) The Government thought the Wrights wanted money in order to build an airplane.
D) At the time it seemed no one could understand them.
Passage Three
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
22. A) The writer enjoys sleeping very much.
B) The writer doesn’t like money at all.
C) Bill Gates does not know how to enjoy himself.
D) Mental well-being is the most important thing.
23. A) Material life. B) Sports life.
C) Spiritual life. D) Working life.
24. A) It is very comfortable. B) It is very noisy.
C) It is very insecure. D) It is very unfriendly.
25. A) Importance of A Good Night’s Sleep. B) The Best Things Money Cannot Buy.
C) Taking Good Care of Oneself. D) How to Enjoy Life Thoroughly.
Section C: Compound Dictation (10%)
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from S1) to S8) with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from S9) to S11) you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
An old friend from abroad, whom I was expecting to stay with me, (S1) ________ from the airport to tell me that he had arrived. I was still at the office at the time, but I had made (S2)________ for his arrival. After explaining where my new flat was, I told him that I had left the key under a piece of stone near the door. As I was likely to be at home rather late, I advised him to go into the (S3) ________ and help himself to food and drink.
Two hours later, my friend telephoned me from the flat. At the moment, he said, he was listening to some of my (S4) ________ after having just had a truly (S5) ________ meal. He had found a pan on the gas (S6) ________ and fried two eggs and had helped himself to some cold chicken from the (S7) ________. Now he said, he was drinking a glass of orange (S8) ________ and he hoped I would join him. (S9)_____________________________________ _________________________, he answered that he had not been able to find the key under the piece of stone, (S10) _______________________________________________________
_______________________________________. I listened to all this in astonishment. (S11)__________________________________________________________________________________.
Part II Reading Comprehension (40%)
Section A Skimming and Scanning
Directions: In this section, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly. For
the statements numbered from 26 to 35, please choose
A (for Yes) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;
B (for No) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;
C (for Not Given) if the information is not given in the passage.
Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
MP3 Files
The MP3 movement is one of the most amazing phenomena that the music industry has ever seen. Unlike other movements-–for example, the introduction of the cassette tape or the CD—the MP3 movement started not with the industry itself but with a huge audience of music lovers on the Internet. The MP3 format for digital music has had, and will continue to have, a huge impact on how people collect, listen to and distribute music.
If you have ever wondered how MP3 files work, or if you have heard about MP3 files and wondered how to use them yourself, then this article is for you!
The MP3 Format
The MP3 format is a compression system for music. The MP3 format helps reduce the number of bytes in a song without hurting the quality of the song’s sound. The goal of the MP3 format is to compress a CD-quality song by a factor of 10 to 14 without noticeably affecting the CD-quality sound. With MP3, a 32-megabyte (MB) song on a CD compresses down to about 3 MB. This lets you download a song in minutes rather than hours, and store hundreds of songs on your computer’s hard disk without taking up that much space.
From this description, you can see that MP3 is nothing magical. It is simply a file format that compresses a song into a smaller size so it is easier to move around on the Internet and store.
Using the MP3 Format
Knowing about the MP3 format isn’t half as interesting as using it. The MP3 movement—consisting of the MP3 format and the Web’s ability to advertise and distribute MP3 files—has done several things for music:
* It has made it easy for anyone to distribute music at nearly no cost (or for free).
* It has made it easy for anyone to find music and access it instantly.
* It has taught people a great deal about manipulating sound on a computer.
That third one was accidental but important. A big part of the MP3 movement is the fact that it has brought an incredible array of powerful tools to desktop computers and given people a reason to learn how they work. Because of these tools, it is now extremely easy for you to:
* Download an MP3 file from a Web site and play it
* Rip a song from a music CD and play it directly or encode it as an MP3 file
* Record a song yourself, convert it to an MP3 file and make it available to the world
* Convert MP3 files into CD files and create your own audio CDs from MP3 file on the Web
* Rip songs off of various music CDs and recombine them into your own custom CDs
* Store hundreds of MP3 files on data CDs
* Load MP3 files into tiny portable players and listen to them wherever you go
To do all of these amazing things, all you need is a computer with a sound card and speakers, an Internet connection, a CD-R drive to create CDs and an MP3 player. If you simply want to download MP3 files from the Web and listen to them , then all you need is a computer with a sound card and speakers and an Internet connection—things you probably already have!
Downloading and Listening
If you would like to download and then listen to MP3 files on your computer, then you need:
* A computer
* A sound card and speakers for the computer (If your computer has speakers, it has a sound card.)
* An Internet connection (If you are browsing the Web to read this article, then you have an Internet connection and it is working fine.)
* An MP3 player (a software application you can download from the Web in 10 minutes)
If you have recently purchased a new computer, chances are it already has software that can play MP3 files installed on its hard disk. The easiest way to find out if you already have an MP3 player installed is to download an MP3 file and try to double-click on it. If it plays, you are set. If not, you need to download a player, which is very easy to do.
There are thousands of sites on the Web where you can download MP3 files.
Go to one of these sites, find a song and download it to your hard disk (most MP3 sites let you either listen to the song as a streaming file or download it–-you want to download). Most songs range between 2 and 4 MB, so it will take 10 to 15 minutes unless you have a high-speed Internet connection. Once the song has finished downloading, try to double-click on the file and see what happens. If your computer plays it, then you are set. You are now ready to begin collecting MP3 files and saving them on your computer. Many people have hundreds of songs they have collected, and they create jukebox-like play-lists so that their computer can play them all day long!
Taking the Files with You
Many people who start collecting MP3 files find that they want to listen to them in all kinds of places. Small, portable MP3 players answer this need. These players are like portable cassette players except that they are smaller.
These players plug into your computer’s parallel, FireWire or USB port to transfer the data, and a software application lets you transfer your MP3s into the player by simply dragging the files. See How MP3 Players Work for details.
Creating Your Own
If you have a CD collection and would like to convert songs from your CDs into MP3 files you can use ripper and encoder software to do just that. A ripper copies the song’s file from the CD onto your hard disk. The encoder compresses the song into the MP3 format. By encoding songs, you can play them on your computer or take them with you on your MP3 player.
26. The MP3 format for digital music has a huge impact on how people collect, listen to and distribute music.
27. The MP3 format is a compression system for movie.
28. MP3 is a magical file format that compresses a song into a smaller size.
29. The MP3 movement refers to MP3 format.
30. The MP3 movement has made it easy for anyone to distribute music at nearly no cost (or for free).
31. It is difficult for you to download an MP3 file from a Web site and play it.
32. If you have recently purchased a new computer, chances are it already has software that can play MP3 files installed on its hard disk.
33. There are literally thousands of sites on the Web where you can download MP3 files.
34. Small, portable MP3 players are like portable cassette players in that both use batteries.
35. You can use ripper and encoder software to convert songs from MP3 files into your CDs.
Section B Reading in Depth
Directions: There are 3 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C), and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Passage One
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.
Humanity uses a little less than half the water available worldwide. Yet occurrences of shortages and droughts are causing famine and distress in some areas, and industrial and agricultural by-products are polluting water supplies. Since the world’s population is expected to double in the next 50 years, many experts think we are on the edge of a widespread water crisis.
But that doesn’t have to be the outcome. Water shortages do not have to trouble the world –– if we start valuing water more than we have in the past. Just as we began to appreciate petroleum more after the 1970s oil crises, today we must start looking at water from a fresh economic perspective. We can no longer afford to consider water a virtually free resource of which we can use as much as we like in any way we want.
Instead, for all uses except the domestic demand of the poor, governments should price water to reflect its actual value. This means charging a fee for the water itself as well as for the supply costs.
Governments should also protect this resource by providing water in more economically and environmentally sound ways. For example, often the cheapest way to provide irrigation (灌溉) water in the dry tropics is through small-scale projects, such as gathering rainfall in depressions (凹地) and pumping it to nearby cropland.
No matter what steps governments take to provide water more efficiently, they must change their institutional and legal approaches to water use. Rather than spread control among hundreds or even thousands of local, regional, and national agencies that watch various aspects of water use, countries should set up central authorities to coordinate water policy.
36. What is the real cause of the potential water crisis?
A) Only half of the world’s water can be used.
B) The world population is increasing faster and faster.
C) Half of the world’s water resources have been seriously polluted.
D) Humanity has not placed sufficient value on water resources.
37.“But that doesn’t have to be the outcome”（1st sentence in Para. 2）means ______.
A) The problem has been exaggerated
B) The problem will not necessarily occur
C) The problem has been ignored
D) The problem will not come as expected
38. According to the author, water price should ______.
A) be reduced to the minimum B) stimulate domestic demand
C) correspond to its real value D) take into account the occurrences of droughts
39. The author says that in some hot and dry areas it is advisable to ______.
A) build big lakes to store water
B) construct big pumping stations
C) build small and cheap irrigation system
D) channel water from nearby rivers to cropland
40. In order to raise the efficiency of the water supply, measures should be taken to ______.
A) guarantee full protection of the environment
B) centralize the management of water resources
C) increase the sense of responsibility of agencies at all levels
D) encourage local and regional control of water resources
Passage Two
Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage.
Tracking down cyber-criminals（網絡罪犯）who steal credit card numbers, transfer money from other people’s accounts, or e-mail viruses around the world takes a knowledge of the technology used to commit the crimes. Instead of using fingerprints or following suspects, government agents go through the computer system to the cyber-criminals.
One such investigation led to the arrest of the man accused of sending the extremely dangerous Melissa virus, a computer virus that destroyed files in computers around the world in the spring of 1999. The agents received help from online service technicians, software experts, and a computer-science student. All helped to trace the complex pathways of the virus back to the telephone line and computer of the man who released it.
In another case, agents worked for two years to catch a cyber-criminal who was, among other offenses, stealing credit card number. Agents found him by tracing a path from a computer he broke into to the mobile telephone he had used, which led to his address—and arrest.
The government agents are also working to block cyber-criminals who could cut off power and confuse telephone companies. “Think of the consequences if the power went out for a week –-not in just one town or city but down the whole East Coast,” says Michael Vatis, an FBI agent. From TVs to hospital equipment, all would fail.
Makaveli and TooShort were arrested for the charges of breaking into computers. They were given probation（緩刑）, required to perform community services, and prevented from having home computers with modems. Punishment for adults can be more severe and usually includes some jail time.
Most people use their computers legally. For the few who don’t, however, cyber-police and better security systems will make it harder for cyber-criminals to get away with their crimes.
41. Which of the following can help government agents catch cyber-criminals?
A) Numbers, symbols and letters.
B) Credit card numbers.
C) Suspects’ fingerprints.
D) The technology used to commit the crimes.
42. Why was the Melissa virus extremely dangerous?
A) Technicians, experts, and a student were involved.
B) Because it destroyed computer files on the world scale.
C) Telephone companies were confused.
D) The power in the government building was cut off.
43. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way of punishing the cyber-criminals?
A) Being put into prison.
B) Sentenced to death.
C) Not being allowed to own computers with modems at home.
D) Doing something for the community.
44. “Get away with their crimes” (in the last paragraph) probably means ______.
A) Go away after committing a crime. B) Committing another crime.
C) Avoid being punished. D) None of the above.
45. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A) It’s impossible to catch all cyber-criminals even with advanced security systems.
B) Police are always smarter than criminals.
C) The author complains about cyber-crimes.
D) The author commands that hackers must stop committing cyber-crimes.
Passage Three
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage
Death comes quickly in the mountains. Each winter holidaymakers are caught unaware as they happily ski away from the fixed runs, little realizing that a small avalanche（雪崩）can send them crashing in a bone-breaking fall down the slope and leave them buried under tons of crisp white snow. There are lots of theories about how to avoid disaster when hit by an avalanche. Practice is normally less cheerful.
The snow in the Salzburg of Austria where a recent disaster took place was typical avalanche material. For several days before the incident I had skied locally. Early winter snow was wearing thin and covered with ice. On top of that, new warmer flakes were gently falling to produce a dangerous carpet. To the skier who enjoys unmarked slopes it is tempting stuff, deep new powder snow on a hard base—the skiing that dreams are made of and sometimes nightmares.
Snow falls in sections like a cake. Different sections will have different densities because of the temperatures at the time of the fall and in the weeks afterwards. Problems come when any particular section is too thick and not sticking to the section beneath. The snow of the past few weeks had been falling in rather higher temperature than those of December and early January. The result of these conditions is that even a slight increase in the temperature sends a thin stream of water between the new snow and the old. Then the new snow simply slides off the mountain.
Such slides are not unexpected. Local citizens know the slopes which tend to avalanche and the weather in which such slides are likely. Traps are set to catch the snow or prevent it slipping; bombs are placed and exploded from time to time to set off small avalanches before a big one has time to build up; and, above all, skiers are warned not to ski in danger areas.
In spite of this avalanches happen in unexpected areas and, of course, skiers ignore the warnings. The one comfort to recreational skiers, however, is that avalanche incidents on the marked ski slopes are quite rare. No ski resort wants the image of being a death trap.
46. Each winter holidaymakers in the mountains come face to face with death because ______.
A) They fail to realize how dangerous avalanches can be
B) They are not experienced enough at skiing on the fixed runs
C) They are trying to avoid areas where avalanches happen
D) They ski great distances down the mountainsides
47. According to the writer, skiing conditions in the Salzburg before the accident happened were ______.
A) Suitable only for skiing locally
B) Typical of conditions resulting in avalanches
C) Very bad
D) Perfect for the inexperienced skier
48. It would appear from the text that avalanches are brought about because ______.
A) There is a slight fall in the temperature
B) A particular section of snow is not thick enough
C) Heavy snowfalls turn into rain
D) The ice between different sections of snow melts
49. In areas where avalanches are known to happen ______.
A) Local residents do nothing but stay indoors
B) Measures are taken to prevent serious avalanches
C) Skiers are told how to ski in dangerous areas
D) Local residents try to prevent small avalanches
50. Although accidents do happen, skiers will be reasonably safe if ______.
A) They ski slowly
B) They stay on the officially approved slopes
C) They ski only for pleasure
D) They choose less crowded ski slope
Part III Cloze (10%)
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C), and D). You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Ecology is the science of how living creatures and plants exist together and depend on each other and on the local environment. Where an environment is undisturbed, the ecology of an area is __51 balance, but if a creature is exterminated（滅絕） or an alien species（外來物種） 52 , then the balance of nature will be 53 .
Man is a part of the 54 and has done more to upset the ecology during 55 short span on earth than 56 other living creature. He has done this by his ignorance, his 57 , his thoughtless foolishness and his uncontrolled wastefulness. He has poisoned the 58 and polluted both land and water. He has wasted the earth’s natural resources with no 59 for the future, and has thought out the most devastating (毀滅的) ways of killing his fellow men and every other sort of life at the same time.
Since man has done so much 60 , it is 61 to man to try to put matters right—if it is not already too 62 . If there is to be any remedy (治療方法) for our ills, that remedy ultimately lies in the hands of the 63 , and the sooner they start doing something about it, the _64 .
One of the main 65 of the earth’s troubles is that the world is overpopulated and that this overpopulation is growing 66 an ever-increasing rate. At the same time we are 67__ up our natural resources -–fuels and mineral ores—at an ever-increasing speed with no hope of replacing them. For many years the earth has been unable to 68 enough food for these rapidly expanding populations and the situation has been steadily deteriorating (惡化) 69 the fertility（肥沃）of some of our richest soils will be lost, and vast areas that were 70 fertile lands will turn into barren（貧瘠的）deserts.
51. A) in B) out C) of D) off
52. A) discovered B) introduced C) brought D) killed
53. A) changed B) troubled C) disturbed D) damaged
54. A) environment B) situation C) science D) condition
55. A) their B) one’s C) its D) his
56. A) any B) the C) all D) most
57. A) greedy B) greed C) hope D) desire
58. A) sky B) heaven C) atmosphere D) space
59. A) feelings B) thought C) purpose D) idea
60. A) destruction B) injury C) damage D) failure
61. A) up B) due C) necessary D) owing
62. A) late B) soon C) long D) distant
63. A) old B) adult C) young D) future
64. A) better B) best C) quicker D) perfect
65. A) reasons B) effects C) results D) causes
66. A) in B) at C) with D) by
67. A) using B) wasting C) giving D) drawing
68. A) produce B) support C) supply D) provide
69. A) until B) since C) when D) whereas
70. A) ever B) once C) since D) till
Part IV Translation (15%)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English and write your answers on the Answer Sheet.
Section 1 (New College English)
1．人們常說驕兵必敗。拿破侖和希特勒在俄羅斯的失敗是典型的例子。
2．任何軍事行動都必須考慮到自然因素。對俄羅斯人民而言，嚴冬是他們的冰雪衛士。
3．有了全球衛星定位系統的幫助，駕駛員能確定準確的方位，并得知交通路況，以免迷路和陷入交通堵塞。
4．汽車工業——20世紀最賺錢，最有影響力的產業，將感受到計算機革命的影響。
5．好的開端是成功的一半，因此，求職者事先做好充分的準備是非常重要的。
Section 2 (New Horizon College English)
1. 卓別林生于貧窮的倫敦南區。他因為成功塑造了流浪漢一類的喜劇人物而永垂青史。
2. 隨著最新通訊技術的采用，發展中國家的國內外投資將大幅增加。
3. 而今對無線業務的需求迅速膨脹起來，創建無線通信無疑是給自己堆了一座金山。
4. 50年來廣泛研究的結果揭示了人類在基因層次上的個體差異遠遠大于種族差異。
5. 而今，社會競爭日趨激烈，這就要求我們具有較好的適應性，能隨機應變，這就是所謂“情商”。
Section 3 (Experiencing English)
1. 對男人來說，沒有了源于他們職業的身份時，從自信心的角度來看，確實是個問題。
2．網絡會使他們增強信心，獲得交際技能，而這些又最終會擴大到他們生活的其它方面。
3．對某一球隊所產生的強烈興趣可以忘卻沮喪，并可培養自身價值和歸屬感。
4．他從未正式學過日語，他所會的一些日語是在日本居住時零碎學來的。
5．我會平靜地接受這個事實，因為我知道如果我完不成任務，全隊就有可能面臨失敗。
大學英語四級考試答題紙（主觀題）
UCET Band 4A (2007-07-03)
系科______________ 姓名_____________ 學號
..........................裝...............訂...............線.........................
Part I Listening Comprehension 得分 __________
Section C (10%)
得分
S 1.
S 2.
閱卷教師
S 3.
S 4.
S 5.
S 6.
S 7.
S 8.
得分
S 9.
閱卷教師
得分
S10.
閱卷教師
得分
S11.
閱卷教師
Part IV Translation (15%) 得分 __________
Section ______
得分
T1.
閱卷教師
得分
T2.
閱卷教師
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T3.
閱卷教師
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T4.
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T5.
閱卷教師
主觀題總得分
合分人簽名
登分、劃卡教師簽名
揚州大學大學英語四級考試試卷
UCET Band 4A (2007-07-03)
KEY TO PAPER A
Part I Listening Comprehension
1-10 DBBC B BBCDC
11-20 BAABD CBBBC
21-25 BDCBB
(S1) telephoned (S2) arrangements (S3) kitchen (S4) records
(S5) wonderful (S6) stove (S7) refrigerator (S8) juice
(S9) I asked him if he had reached the flat without difficulty
(S10) but fortunately the living room window just by the apple tree had been open and he had climbed in
S11) There is no apple tree in front of my living room, but there is one in front of my neighbor’s
Part II Reading Comprehension
26-30 ABBBA
31-40 BACCB DBCCB
41-50 DBBCA ABDBB
Part III Cloze
51-60 CBCAB ABCBC
61-70 AACAD BADAB
Part IV Translation
Section 1 (New College English)
1. They say that pride comes before a fall. The failure of Napoleon’s and Hitler’s invasion of Russia is a case in point.
2. The elements of nature must be reckoned with in any military campaign. For the Russian people, the severe winter was their icy defender.
3. With GPS, drivers can determine the precise location and learn about the driving conditions to avoid getting lost and getting stuck in traffic.
4. The automobile industry, the most lucrative and powerful industry of the 20th century, is about to feel the effects of the computer revolution.
5. Well begun is half done. Therefore, it is extremely important for a job applicant to do his homework while seeking employment.
Section 2 (New Horizon College English)
1. Born in the poor south of London, Chaplin gained permanent fame by successfully creating the comic characters like “the tramp”.
2. Adopting the up-to-date telecommunications, the developing countries will promote their domestic and foreign investment substantially.
3．Nowadays, the demand for wireless services is exploding, and launching wireless telecommunications is much like having a huge pile of money at your disposal.
4．The result of 50 years’ extensive research reveals that human beings display more differences individually than racially at the level of their genes.
5. With the increasing competition for survival today, we are expected to be highly adaptable and flexible. This is what is called EQ.
Section 3 (Experiencing English)
1. It poses a problem from a self-confidence standpoint for men when they’re without that part of their identity that they derive from their careers.
2. The web allows them to gain confidence and communication skills that can eventually spill over into other aspects of their lives.
3. An intense interest in a team can stave off depression and foster feeling of self-worth and belonging.
4． He has never studied Japanese; and what he knows about Japanese was picked up while he was living in Japan.
5. I could accept this fact calmly because I knew if I weren’t able to finish the mission, chances were that the team would be defeated.
Script:
Part I Listening Comprehension
Section A: Conversations
Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
1. W: What a shame about your accident! What a way to end your holiday!
M: Yes, it was bad luck. I suppose I should have been more careful.
Q: What are they talking about?
2. M: The light in this dining hall is too bright, don’t you think?
W: I think it’s perfect for a football stadium.
Q: What does the woman mean?
3. W: How long does it take to get to London?
M: It’s an hour by train, and about two hours by car.
Q: How many hours does it take to get to London?
4. W: Were you in London two years ago, Mr. Jacobs?
M: No, I was in Canada. I’m an Australian, but I went to Canada three years ago.
Q: What nationality is Mr. Jacobs?
5. M: Excuse me, please! Where’s the school?
W: Which one? The Infants’ School is over there. The Boys’ School is on the right. The Girls’ School is straight ahead on this street.
Q: Where is the Boys’ School?
6. M: I much prefer Mrs. Peterson’s lessons. I’ve got pages of notes from her lessons. I’ve got nothing from Crown.
W: Perhaps you don’t need to take notes in Crown’s lessons. It’s easy to remember what he tells you.
Q: Whose lessons does the man like more?
7. M: Mrs. Wilkins, I’d like you to meet Denise. She’s at school with me.
W: Hello, Denise. Pleased to meet you.
Q: What’s the relationship between Denise and the man?
8. M: Where were you last night?
W: I was in all evening. The phone rang while I was washing my hair. I couldn’t answer it. I’m sorry.
Q: Why didn’t the woman answer the telephone?
Now you’ll hear two long conversations.
Conversation One
M: Is this table on the comer OK?
W: Sure. We can sit here.
M: Oh, you paused to get anything on your tray.
W: Yeah. I guess I’m just not that hungry.
M: What’s the matter? Aren’t you feeling well?
W: Well, I’ve been really worried. It’s my car. It’s in the shop, again!
M: Really? What’s wrong this time?
W: I don’t know exactly. Something’s wrong with the brakes, I think.
M: Well, at least that shouldn’t cost you much to fix. Parts are cheaper for all the American cars like yours. Did the mechanic say how much it would cost?
W: He said he’d call me with an estimate later on today.
M: Watch out he doesn’t try to take advantage of you.
W: What do you mean?
M: Well, some car mechanics, if they think that someone doesn’t know much about cars, they might try to overcharge that person.
W: Maybe so. But I trust this guy. He was recommended by one of my neighbors. He has done some work for me in the past and his prices seemed to be reasonable.
M: Oh, that’s good to know. Maybe I’ll try using him in the future. By the way, do you need a ride home after class today?
W: Oh, I’ll surely appreciate it. It’s really tough getting around without a car when you live off campus.
Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
9. What does the woman imply about her car?
10. What does the man say about the woman’s car?
11. What does the woman say about the mechanic?
12. What does the man offer to do?
Conversation Two
M: Hi, Sarah. What’s up?
W: Oh, hi. I just got out of a history class. I had to give a presentation.
M: How did it go?
W: Terribly. I’m sure I made a fool of myself.
M: Why? Weren’t you prepared?
W: No. it’s not that. I just get so embarrassed and nervous whenever I have to speak in front of a group of people. I stand up and my face gets red and...then I get even more nervous because I know everyone can see me blushing.
M: It is not so bad to blush.
W: But it happens all the time. If the professor asks a question and I know the answer, I’ll blush like crazy if he calls on me. Doesn’t that ever happen to you?
M: No, not really. Maybe you should try to forget about the people. Look at something else in the room, like the exit sign.
W: I guess I could try that. But I doubt that it’ll help.
M: You know we talked about this in psychology class. Blushing, even though it’s involuntary, is more or less a learned behavior.
W: What do you mean?
M: Oh, children hardly ever blush at all. And. among adults, supposedly women blush more than men.
W: I wonder why.
M: I don’t know. But I had a friend in high school, Brian Smith. It was really easy to make him blush. He turned red whenever a waitress would ask him for his order.
W: I’m not that bad. Well, I’ve got to get going for my next class. I’ll talk to you later.
Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
13. What was the woman’s problem?
14. Why might looking at the exit sign help the woman?
15. What does the man say about children?
Section B: Short Passages
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Passage One
Carole is a teenage girl. She thinks she is a bit too fat, or rather too strong. But she doesn’t know how she became that way. Nowadays, people become interested in losing weight because being overweight can bring about many diseases. Carole has made up her mind to follow others’ example and plans to lose weight as well. Sometimes she feels so unhappy without knowing why. At these times, she often goes out to restaurants, bars and supermarkets for food. The things she likes to eat include bread, biscuits, and chocolates. Although she feels very full in her stomach, she can’t stop eating because of the enjoyment she gets. She is a little worried about her behavior and thinks that she might have an unknown disease or an unhealthy mind. With these questions, Carole went to see a doctor. The doctor doesn’t think she has a disease, but suggests that she need self-discipline. People often say “eat less and exercise more”, but one needs discipline to follow this advice. Since Carole says she enjoys eating although she feels very full, the doctor thinks this might be because Carole wants to forget about finishing work or doing a complicated homework assignment. Her feeling of unhappiness could start from something deeper, such as problems with family members or friends. The doctor says that Carole needs to find something that can bring fun to her life. Perhaps she should give up the habit of eating too much, and do something else instead, such as talking to someone over the phone, playing a video game or drinking extra tea. These methods could help Carole change the habit of eating too much and become healthy again.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16. What does Carole normally do when she feels unhappy?
17. According to the doctor, which one of the following could be the TRUE reason why Carole eats too much when feeling unhappy?
18. Which of the following suggestions is NOT made by the doctor?
Passage Two
Today when a man steps on to the moon, or something new and important happens, the world learns about it immediately. What did the newspapers say about that first flight in 1903? Strangely enough, they said hardly anything about it at all. There were only a few reports about it in the papers. These reports said very little. Some of the things they said were not even correct. In 1904, the Wrights built a second machine. They called it Flyer No. 2. They invited some reporters to a field near Dayton to watch them fly. Unfortunately, there was some mechanical trouble with the plane and it did not fly at all that day. The reporters went away. They were disappointed and did not come back. The Wrights went on with their work. In 1905, they built an even better machine, Flyer No. 3. They were able to stay up in the air for half an hour and more in this machine. They were able to turn and climb in the air. Farmers, travelers on the roads around Dayton often saw them flying. But when these people told reporters about it, they refused to believe them.
The Wrights offered Flyer No. 3 to the United States Government. The Government was not interested. They seemed to think the Wrights wanted money in order to build an airplane. They did not understand the Wrights had already done this, and flown it as well. Experts were still saying that mechanical flight was impossible. At the end of 1905, the two brothers took their plane to pieces. The parts were put into a huge wooden case. It seemed nobody was interested.
Questions 19 to 2l are based on the passage you have just heard.
19. What were the Wrights able to do in Flyer No. 3?
20. What did the newspaper say about the first flight in 1903?
21. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
Passage Three
Nothing can buy a better night’s sleep. Although it sounds silly, it was the first thing that crossed my mind when I awoke. I truly appreciated my happy rest. It was like a gift from heaven. Interesting to think that Bill Gates, or any rich men you can mention, really couldn’t have had a more satisfying and grateful night of sleep --- the best that money can’t buy.
That started me thinking of other pleasures that cost nothing or very little and that are often taken for granted, like a drink of cold water on a hot day when you’re really thirsty, or a warm relaxing bath when you’re extremely tired or mentally exhausted.
Remember your first real kiss --- can you put a price tag on that? Or the companionship of a faithful and loving pet or the clean, fresh smell of mountain air? There’s an old song, “the Best Things in Life Are Free.”
Did you ever eat a meal that not only filled your stomach and satisfied all your tastes, but refreshed your soul? Ever spend a winter’s evening in the company of good friends?
What could be better than listening to your favorite music or watching a good movie? Or sharing the beauty of a sunset with a loved one? These are quite delightful and delicate pleasures. I hope this doesn’t sound too ridiculous in today’s rough, loud world. I hope the new generation can appreciate some of these things.
Questions 22 to25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
22. What can be inferred from this speech?
23. Which one of the following categories does the writer attach great importance to?
24. What does the speaker think of today’s world?
25. Which one of the following could be the most appropriate title of this speech?
Section C: Compound Dictation
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from S1) to S8) with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from S9) to S10) you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
An old friend from abroad, whom I was expecting to stay with me, (S1) telephoned from the airport to tell me that he had arrived. I was still at the office at the time, but I had made (S2) arrangements for his arrival. After explaining where my new flat was, I told him that I had left the key under a piece of stone near the door. As I was likely to be at home rather late, I advised him to go into the (S3) kitchen and help himself to food and drink.
Two hours later, my friend telephoned me from the flat. At the moment, he said, he was listening to some of my (S4) records after having just had a truly (S5) wonderful meal. He had found a pan on the gas (S6) stove and fried two eggs and had helped himself to some cold chicken from the refrigerator. Now he said, he was drinking a glass of orange (S7) juice and he hoped I would join him. (S8) I asked him if he had reached the flat without difficulty, he answered that he had not been able to find the key under the piece of stone, (S9) but fortunately the living room window just by the apple tree had been open and he had climbed in. I listened to all this in astonishment. S10)There is no apple tree in front of my living room, but there is one in front of my neighbor’s.
大學英語四級(12)
2011大學英語四級??
Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each ques tion there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the correspond ing letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
11.??A) He is careless about his appearance. B)??He is ashamed of his present condition. C)??He changes jobs frequently. D)??He shaves every other day.
12.??A) Jane may be caught in a traffic jam. B)??Jane should have started a little earlier. C)??He knows what sort of person Jane is. D) He is irritated at having to wait for Jane.
13.??A) Training for the Mid-Atlantic Championships. B)??Making preparations for a trans-Atlantic trip. C)??Collecting information about baseball games. D) Analyzing their rivals" on-field performance.
14.??A) He had a narrow escape in a car accident. B)??He is hospitalized for a serious injury. C)??He lost his mother two weeks ago. D)??He has been having a hard time.
15.??A) The woman has known the speaker for a long time. B)??The man had difficulty understanding the lecture. C)??The man is making a fuss about nothing. D)??The woman thinks highly of the speaker.
16.??A) He has difficulty making sense of logic. B)??Statistics and logic are both challenging subjects. C)??The woman should seek help from the tutoring service. D)??Tutoring services are very popular with students.
17.??A) Her overcoat is as stylish as Jill"s. C) Jill wore the overcoat last week. B) Jill missed her class last week.? ? D) She is in the same class as the man.
18. A) A computer game. C) An exciting experience.
B) An imaginary situation. D) A vacation by the sea.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19.?A) Beautiful scenery in the countryside.?? C) Pain and pleasure in sports.
B) Dangers of cross-country skiing.? ??D) A sport he participates in.
20.?A) He can"t find good examples to illustrate his point. B)?He can"t find a peaceful place to do the assignment. C)?He doesn"t know how to describe the beautiful country scenery. D)?He can"t decide whether to include the effort part of skiing.
21.??A) New ideas come up as you write. B)?Much time is spent on collecting data. C)?A lot of effort is made in vain. D)?The writer"s point of view often changes.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
22.??A) Journalist of a local newspaper. B)?Director of evening radio programs. C)?Producer of television commercials. D)?Hostess of the weekly "Business World".
23.??A) He ran three restaurants with his wife"s help. B)?He and his wife did everything by themselves. C)?He worked both as a cook and a waiter.= D)?He hired a cook and two local waitresses.
24.??A) He hardly needs to do any advertising nowadays. B)?He advertises a lot on radio and in newspapers. C)?He spends huge sums on TV commercials every year. D) He hires children to distribute ads in shopping centers.
25. A) The restaurant location.? C) The food variety.
B) The restaurant atmosphere.D) The food price.
Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26. A) Its protection is often neglected by children.? B) It cannot be fully restored once damaged.
C) There are many false notions about it. D) There are various ways to protect it.
27 A) It may make the wearer feel tired. B) It will gradually weaken the eyes of adults. C) It can lead to the loss of vision in children. D) It can permanently change the eye structure.
28 A) It can never be done even with high technology. B) It is the best way to restore damaged eyesight. C)It is a major achievement in eye surgery. D) It can only be partly accomplished now.
Passage Two Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.
29. A) They think they should follow the current trend. B) Nursing homes are well-equipped and convenient. C) Adult day-care centers are easily accessible. D) They have jobs and other commitments.
30. A) They don"t want to use up all their life savings. B) They fear they will regret it afterwards. C) They would like to spend more time with them. D) They don"t want to see their husbands poorly treated.
31. A) Provide professional standard care.??C) Be frank and seek help from others.
B) Be affectionate and cooperative.?? D) Make full use of community facilities.
Passage Three Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
32. A) Health and safety conditions in the workplace. B) Rights and responsibilities of company employees. C) Common complaints made by office workers. D) Conflicts between labor and management.
33. A) Replace its out-dated equipment. B)??Improve the welfare of affected workers. C)??Follow government regulations strictly. D)??Provide extra health compensation.
34.??A) They requested to transfer to a safer department. B)??They quit work to protect their unborn babies. C)??They sought help from union representatives. D)??They wanted to work shorter hours.
35.??A) To show how they love winter sports. B)??To attract the attention from the media. C)??To protest against the poor working conditions. D)??To protect themselves against the cold weather.
Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
Contrary to the old warning that time waits for no one, time slows down when you are on the move. It also slows down more as you move faster, which means astronauts (宇航員) someday may (36) _____ so long in space that they would return to an Earth of the (37) _____ future. If you could move at the speed of light, your time would stand still. If you could move faster than light, your time would move (38) _____.
Although no form of matter yet (39) _____ moves as fast as or faster than light, (40) _____ experiments have already confirmed that accelerated (41) _____ causes a traveler"s time to be stretched. Albert Einstein (42) _____ this in 1905, when he (43) _____ the concept of relative time as part of his Special Theory of Relativity. A search is now under way to confirm the suspected existence of particles of matter (44) ____________________________________.
An obsession (沉迷) with time – saving, gaining, wasting, losing, and mastering it – (45) ____________________________________. Humanity also has been obsessed with trying to capture the meaning of time. Einstein (46) ____________________________________. Thus, time and time"s relativity are measurable by any hourglass, alarm clock, or an atomic clock that can measure a billionth of a second.
大學英語四級(13)
公共英語四級與大學英語四級的區別很多人都聽說過大學英語四級，但是對于公共英語四級又了解多少。接下來就讓我們一起簡單的了解下公共英語四級和大學英語四級的區別。
公共英語四級和大學英語四級的區別
公共英語四級，簡稱PETS-4。是教育部考試中心設計并負責的全國性英語水平考試體系。作為中、英兩國政府的教育交流合作項目，在設計過程中它得到了英國專家的技術支持。通過公共英語四級考試，考生的英語水平是中上級。
大學英語四級考，簡稱CET-4，是由國家教育部高等教育司主持的全國性教學考試。考試的主要對象是根據教育大綱修完大學英語四級的在校大學本科生或研究生。
區別一：考試對象
公共英語四級考試不受理義務教育階段的學生報考。
大學英語四級考試的主要對象是根據教育大綱修完大學英語四級的在校大學本科生或研究生。
區別二：分數不同
公共英語四級有口試分數和筆試分數兩種，口試滿分5分，3分以上(含3分)為合格。筆試滿分100分，60分以上(含60分)為合格。
大學英語四級總分為710分，沒有設置合格線，四級考分達到425分以上可以報考六級。
區別三：考試題型及難度
公共英語四級考試分為筆試和口試兩部分，其中筆試包括：聽力、語言知識、閱讀和寫作。筆試和口試均合格者，由教育部考試中心頒發給《全國英語等級考試合格證書》。
大學英語四級考試分為筆試和口試兩部分，其中筆試包括寫作、聽力、閱讀、翻譯，口試則是自主選擇，筆試550分以上可以選擇報名參加口試。
公共英語四級相當于大學英語六級，大學英語四級相當于公共英語三級。
通過上文的介紹，相信大家都對公共英語四級和大學英語四級的區別有所了解，大家可以根據自身的情況選擇適合自己的考試，提升自己的英語水平。
