寫作技巧英語翻譯9篇
寫作技巧英語翻譯(1)
英語寫作知識要點整理關于措辭注意區分每個詞的不同意義
For instance
Uninterested(不感興趣) disinterested（公正的）
Childish(幼稚) childlike (童真)
Envious(羨慕) jealous(嫉妒)
Inexpensive(不貴) cheap(廉價貨)
Refuse(拒絕) decline(謝絕)
Surprised(驚訝) stunned(strongly shocked )
Stout(壯實) fat(胖)
Modest(謙虛) humble(自卑)
Sympathy(同情) pity(有居高臨下的優越感)
泛指詞—特指詞
A good man : kind modest just generous sympathetic warm-hearted selfless brave honorable
Good food : delicious tasty nourishing rich fresh abundant appetizing
House: mansion(大廈) villa(別墅，住宅) apartment(公寓) cottage(小屋，村社 )barn(谷倉)
Bungalow(平房) hut(棚屋，草房) shanty(小木屋) shed(棚，小屋)
Laugh: smile grin(露齒而笑) beam(笑容滿面) giggle(傻笑，咯咯地笑) titter(竊笑) snigger(暗笑，竊笑) chuckle(輕聲笑) chortle(哈哈大笑)
Walk run stroll(閑逛) wander(漫步) pace(踱步) swagger(昂視闊步) creep(爬)
Look at: gaze(凝視) peep(窺看) regard(注視) glance() stare() glimpse(瞥見) catch sight of(一下子看到，瞥見)
Cry:
sob(cry in a noisy way, breathing in short breath)
weep(also used when liquid or blood comes from the wound)
shed tears
moan(1.make a low sound usually because you are unhappy or in pain 2.complain about something)
wail(make long, loud cry )
whimper(make quiet unhappy sound as if they are about to stop crying)
Angry: irritating(1.cause irritation or annoyance 2.serving to stimulate or excite physically)
hurting()
enraged(very angry)
cross(very angry)
biting(1.capable of wounding 2.causing a sharply painful or stinging sensation, used especially of cold) #a biting wind
distressing(causing distress or worry or anxiety)
Happy: gay delighted pleased satisfied joyful fulfilled(completed or perfection) cheerful glad bright contented jubilant(喜慶的)
Sad: unhappy unfortunate downcast(feeling sad and without hope/look towards the ground, usually because you are feeling sad or embarassed) blue depressed grievous (sorrowful through loss or deprivation) miserable(very unhappy, full of misery; deserving or inciting pity ) pathetic(deserving or inciting pity; inspiring mixed contempt and pity) sorrowful
Gloomy(1.characterized by hopelessness; filled with gloom 2depressingly dark) discouraged overwhelmed
Tree: olive() locust() maple() fir() willow() elm()
Flower: rose() narcissus() camellia() jasmine()
Wind: breeze() gust() cyclone() whirlwind() storm()
Rain: shower dew sprinkle drizzle raindrop down pour
關于區分使用場合
Nonstandard 不標準的 slang 俚語 colloquial 口語的 obsolete 過時的
Archaic 古老的 dialectal方言的 informal 非正式的 vulgar 粗俗的
derogatory 貶義的
英語中的修飾格1明喻
O my love’s like a red red rose. ——Robert Burns
2.隱喻
The picture of those poor people’s lives carved so sharply in his heart that he could never forget.
3.擬人
Youth is hot and bold.
Age is weak and old.
Youth is wind, age is tame. ——William Shakespere
4換喻
Crown替king the white house替美國總統或政府
When the war is over, he laid down the sound and took up the pan.
5提喻(借代)
Hands 代人 bread 代食物
He had to earn his daily bread by doing odd jobs.
6婉言
To die to pass away, to leave us
Old people senior citizens
Mad emotionally, disturbed
Dustman sanitation worker
Lavatory bathroom, man’s/women’s room
7.反語
寫作技巧英語翻譯(2)
小學寫作技巧：英文增加文采竅門（英語作文寫作技巧）如果說第一、二步是對文章的構思，第三、四步驟則是真正地“寫”了，用詞是否貼切，文法是否正確，句式是否多變，文采是否有生氣，關系到寫作者的語言功底和水平，但也有些竅門，以下這幾點可以供你參考：
1．在整篇文章中，避免只是用一兩個句式，要靈活運用各種句式。如倒裝句、強調句、省略句、主從復合句、對比句、分詞短語、介詞短語等。
2．使用不同長度的句子，通過分句和合句，增強句子的連貫性和表現力。
3．改變句子的開頭方式，不要一味以主、謂、賓、狀的次序。可以把狀語置于句首，或用分詞短語等。
4．學會使用過渡詞。如：
1）遞進：further more,moreover,besides,in addition,then etc.
2）轉折：however,but,nevertheless,after all etc.
3）總結：finally,at last,in brief,to conclude
4）強調：really,indeed,certainly,surely,above all etc.
5）對比：in the same way,just as,on the other hand,etc.
5．避免重復使用同一單詞或詞組。
6．注意運用固定詞組、習語、諺語來代替一些詞表達意思，以增加文采。
寫作技巧英語翻譯(3)
書面表達
Ⅱ寫作技巧
1. 三段十句
第一段為開頭，通常包括兩句。第一句為主題句，提出寫作素材的核心話題；第二句為擴展句，進一步說明主題。或者，開頭段只有一句主題句。
第二段為正文，共七句。第三句為主題句，提出本段主題，與第一段主題相關。第四句到第九句為擴展句，說明本段的主題，句子之間要運用恰當的過渡句。
第三段為結尾，簡化為依據。既要總結全文，也要表明作者的觀點。或者最后一段有兩句，除了總結句，還有一句擴展句。
2. 三大高分技巧
1） 使用較高級的詞匯
30個最經典的替換詞 1. individuals, characters, folks替換(people ,persons) 2. positive, favorable, rosy (美好的)，promising (有希望的)，perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding, superior替換good 3. dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill (有害的)替換bad 如果bad做表語，可以有be less impressive替換 eg. An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games, enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms. When it approaches to graduation , as a result, they find their academic records are less impressive. 4. (an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of ,a host of, many, if not most)替換many. 注：用many, if not most 一定要小心，many后一定要有詞。 eg. Many individuals, if not most, harbor the idea that….同理 用most, if not all ,替換most. 5. a slice of, quiet a few , several替換some 6. harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that)替think (因為是書面語，所以要加that) 7. affair ,business ,matter 替換thing 8. shared 代 common 9. reap huge fruits 替換get many benefits ) 10. for my part ,from my own perspective 替換 in my opinion 11. Increasing(ly),growing 替換more and more( 注意沒有growingly這種形式。所以當修飾名詞時用increasing/growing.修飾形容詞，副詞用increasingly. eg. sth has gained growing popularity. Sth is increasingly popular with the advancement of sth. 12.little if anything, 或little or nothing替換hardly 13.beneficial, rewarding替換helpful, 14.shopper,client,consumer,purchaser, 替換customer 15.exceedingly,extremely, intensely 替換very 16.hardly necessary, hardly inevitable ... 替換 unnecessary, avoidable 17.sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替換sb take interest in / sb. be interested in 18.capture one"s attention替換attract one"s attention. 19.facet,demension,sphere代aspect 20.be indicative of ,be suggestive of ,be fearful of代 indicate, suggest ,fear 21.give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替換cause. 22. There are several reasons behind sth 替換..reasons for sth 23.desire 替換want. 24.pour attention into 替換pay attention to 25.bear in mind that 替換remember 26. enjoy, possess 替換have(注意process是過程的意思) 27. interaction替換communication 28.frown on sth替換 be against , disagree with sth 29.to name only a few, as an example替換 for example, for instance
30. next to / virtually impossible,替換nearly / almost impossible
2） 使用較豐富的句式
a) 改變句子的開頭
1.用副詞開頭
Students fall into the habit of cheating on tests too often.?
Too often，students fall into the habit of cheating on tests.
2.用同位語開頭
Air，water and oxygen are all necessary for life.?
Air，water and oxygen，everything that is necessary for life.?
3.用狀語開頭
The house looked very different from the way I remembered it, dark and empty.?
Dark and empty，the house looked very different from the way I remembered it.?
4.用表語開頭
Intense interest plus persistent effort are equally essential to the highest success in learning a language.?
Equally essential to the highest success in learning a language are intense interest plus persistent effort.?
5.用賓語開頭
you would not listen to my advice；you laughed at my helps.?Now you will have what you asked for.?
My advice you would not listen to；my helps you laughed at.?Now you will have what you asked for.?
6.以介詞短語開頭
The news was very interesting to me ， but it was very boring to my wife?.?
To me the news was very interesting， but to my wife very boring.?
7.以分詞短語開頭
Mike took flight for the pacific islands because he was disturbed by the discord of American life in recent decades.?
Disturbed by the discord of American life in recent decades，Mike took flight for the pacific islands.
8.以不定式短語開頭
You should work very hard to pass the exam.?
To pass the exam，you should work very hard.
b) ?巧用固定句型
1、as 句型：
2、prefer 句型：
3、when 句型：
4、seem 句型：?
5、too 句型：
6、倍數句型：
7、It ＋ 不及物動詞 ＋ 從句
8、比較句型：
9、表法猜測的句型：
10、‘IF’虛擬條件句
11、It is +時間+ since 句型
12、If only...! 真希望……! 若是 ……那該多好啊!
英語表達的突破
1. 不要總以有生命的名詞和人稱代詞開頭
More and more people agree / realize / are aware that women should enjoy equal rights with men.
There is a growing agreement that women should enjoy full equality with men.
We easily draw the conclusion through the investigation.
The investigation led us to the conclusion that…
2. 不要過多使用主動句
3. 不要總用 if because then 這樣的句子，口語色彩太濃，注意使用書面語。
If we only apply book knowledge, we will not get good results.
The application of book knowledge will not bring you good results.
If we can better understand the great pressure of population growth is essential to a correct attitude towards family planning.
A better understanding of the great pressure of population growth is essential to a correct attitude towards family planning.
4. 不要對動詞過分依賴，學會用名詞結構表達意思。
It is time for us to revise the education system and provide it to the society.
It is time for us to the revision of the education system and the provision to the society.
If we are watching too much TV, our reading ability will be seriously affected.
Heavy exposure to TV will produce harmful effect on our reading ability.
5. 不要總用肯定句來表達，要學會用否定句來表達肯定的意思，及雙重否定=肯定
Whenever you pick up a newspaper, you will always finding advertisements.
It is impossible (for you) to pick up a newspaper without finding advertisements.
Gathering around and listening to mother or father reading a good story is the best pastime to bring a family closer together.
Few pastimes bring family closer together than gathering around and listening to mother of father.
3） 使用恰當的連接詞
1.在同一話題上補充內容----另外,還有
What is more, besides, also, moreover, in addition
A.?The rent is reasonable, and moreover, the location is perfect.?
B.?I don’t want to go; besides, I’m too tired.?
2.表示轉折關系----但是, 然而, 相反
but, however, yet, instead, on the other hand, on the contrary
A.?It’s too hot to go for a walk; let’s go swimming instead.?
B.?The young man didn’t enjoy his old job.?On the contrary, he finds the new job very interesting.?
3.表示因果關系
1) 因為: since, as, because(of)
2) 因此, 所以 so, thus, therefore, as a result, so that
A.?Because of the heavy rain, they had to put off the match.?
B.?I don’t want to disturb her as she’s at an important meeting.?
C.?These birds are very rare and therefore protected by law.?
4.表示條件關系
1) 如果, 只要 if , as long as , on the condition (that)
2)除非 unless
3)否則 or else
A.?He could borrow my car as long as he didn’t drive too fast.?
B.?I’ll come on condition that John is invited too.?
5.表示時間關系
當-----的時候 when , while
在-----之后 after
在-----之前before
直到 until
一-----就 as soon as
不久 soon
后來, 然后 later, afterwards
自從 since
近來lately, recently
從那時起 from then on
A.?I waited until 10 o’clock, but he still didn’t come.?
B.?It’s been years since I last saw him.?
C.?We had dinner and went home afterwards.?
6.表示順序關系
首先 first of all, firstly, first
首先, 最主要的 above all
其次 secondly
然后 then, next
最后 finally, in the end
A.?And above all, remember to send us your new address.?
B.?Firstly, I’ll mention the advantages, then I’ll talk about the disadvantages.?
C.?First I need your name and address.?Secondly , what’s your date of birth?
7.?換一種方法表達
換句話說: in other words, that is to say, to put it another way
Your performance in the exam did not reach the required standard----in other words, you failed.?
8.?進行舉例說明
例如, 比如: for instance, for example, like, such as A.?
A lot of us want to leave now---- Bill, for example.?
B.?We’ve planted lots of different flowers, such as roses, carnations, and popies.?
9.?用于陳述事實
實際上 in fact, actually, as a matter of fact
She says it’s a good film.?Actually, she hasn’t seen it at all.?
10.?總而言之, 總的說來
in a word, in short, on the whole, all in all, in general
A.?In short, the film was the best I’ve ever seen.?
B.?In a word, the area of desert in the world is growing every year.?
寫作練習
Directions: write on English composition according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假設你參加所在年級的英文寫作比賽，請按照要求完成一篇短文：
1.簡要描述下圖內容，并點明主題；
2.聯系實際，表達該圖帶給你的啟示。
注意：1.詞數不少于120個；2. 不能使用真實姓名和學校名稱。
寫作技巧英語翻譯(4)
英語作文寫作技巧
一、審題立意 大學英語六級作文的題型一般是標題作文、主題句作文或情景、圖表作文等等，去年六級作文考試有書信和記敘文，但基本都屬于命題作文范疇。對于命題作文，審題立意是寫好作文至關重要的一步。所謂審題，就是要看清題意，確定文章的中心思想和主題，并圍繞中心思想組織材料。也就是通過分析作文題給出的標題、主題旬或情景，找出關鍵詞或中心詞，明確寫作要求，是寫哪方面的內容，既包括題材上的要求，也包括體裁上的要求。如果不審題就隨便下筆，想一句寫一句，內容離題，即使再好的再華麗的再精心構思的詞句表達也無濟于事。另一方面，六級寫作的目的是測試學生用英語書面表達思想的初步能力，并不是測試你母語創作能力，而且為了便于作文評卷有一盡量統一的標準，出題方式無論怎樣變化，六級作文都可以歸納為三段式，有的甚至給出三段的段首句。其目的就是讓學生們在統一主題下的寫作要點、思維和方式盡可能地同一化和統一化。鑒于此，我們應清楚六級寫作沒有太大的自由發揮空間。在構思段落之前一定要仔細斟酌標題、主題句和段首字，找出關鍵詞從而確定寫作的方向和范圍，而且還應記住要盡量縮小這個范圍，不能脫離要求任意展開，那樣屬于跑題。 二、段落構思 文章的段落，是文章的基本組成部分，一篇好的文章需要精心的段落構思和合理的段落安排，根據不同的題材確定不同的段落寫作順序。六級作文從結構上看，一般由三部分組成：引言部分;結尾部分，而且每段往往只有一個主題，段中各支持句圍繞明確的主題，層層展開論證并服務于主題句。整篇文章也是層層推進，環環相扣，條理分明，完整統一。下面進一步說明每一部分的具體寫作技巧與要求：首先，引言部分Introductory Part 文章開頭很重要，關系到全篇文章，一定要認真考慮好如何寫好第一句。一般緊扣主題，開門見山，直接入題。如果已給出段首句，則要考慮如何跟開頭連接好。在實際寫作中，主要有以下幾種開頭方式。 定義法。即用一句話或幾句話來解放說明題中的關鍵詞，給出關鍵詞的定義。多用于給出一簡單題目的標題作文。直接切入主題。也就是直截了當地揭示文章的主題或寫作原由，如已給出每一段的中文提示，可直接翻譯提示中每一段的中心思想，作為開頭。 提問法。用疑問句或設問句開頭，緊接著提出自己對這個問題的看法或直接點明主題，這種方法如果使用得當，能夠激起讀者往下讀的興趣，以便找出答案。以故事背景開頭，交待時間、地點、人物及背景，然后在這個背景下引出正文。這種方法多用于記敘文，使讀者一開始就產生鮮明視覺形象。引用法。即引用名人名言或諺語等作為文章的開頭，指出閱讀的內容范圍。 其次，主題部分Body Part 篇章寫作不僅應層次清楚，而且主次也要分明I任何文章都有主體部分，即文章的精華部分。學生在這部分的寫作錯誤五花八門，或者段落內容缺乏統一性，或者句與句之間缺少連貫性，層次混亂，信息的表達經常是跳躍式的想到什么寫什么，內容空洞，言之無物，缺乏嚴密的邏輯性。針對這些錯誤，寫主體段應注意以下幾點要求。要緊扣開頭段提出的主題思想，突出中心。圍繞主題句用一組意思連貫而且完整的句子展開文章，切記各展開句是能起到說明、支持或闡述主題的句子并服務于主題，全文保持統一性，也就是我們通常所說的“切題”。主體段取材必須精練典型，系統而完整。根據內容需要和字數的規定，確定要點的詳與略后，選擇正確的、典型的、具有說服力的事實、例子、數據和論據等說明解釋并擴充主題。主體段要與開頭段和結尾段有內在的必然歸宿，要順其自然地過渡，使用好承上啟下的連接詞或句子，防止突然轉折。另外，主體段的句與句之間也要逐步展開，通順連貫，符合一定的邏輯關系。星火教育網 最后，結尾部分Ending Part 文章如何結尾關系到寫作的成敗。好的結尾不僅在形式上起到面龍點睛的效果，而且在內容上讀者明其宗旨，解其寓意。一般結尾段的寫法有以下幾種;總結式，即在上文所述事實和論據的基礎上，對全文進行歸納、總結得出結論，使讀者對文章的主題或作者的觀點有個更完整而清晰的理解。首尾呼應式，即對引言段所提出的同題給出解決方案，作到首尾呼應，主題突出，結構勻稱，使讀者對提出的問題有了明確的答案。提問式，這種結尾形式可以引起讀者的思考。并起到強調主題的作用。展望式，也就是要提出作者的希望、號召或表示信心和決-C-，使讀者受鼓舞。引語式，引用名人名言，諺語俗語做文章的結尾，使文章更具說服力。 Chapter One 文章開頭句型 1-1 對立法 : 先引出其他人的不同看法,然后提出自己的看法或者偏向于某一看法,適用于有爭議性的主題. [1]. When asked about....., the vast/overwhelming majority of people say that ....... But I think/view a bit differently. [2]. When it es to .... , some people bielive that ....... Others argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true . There is probably some truth in both arguements/statements , but [3]. Now, it is monly/generally/widely believed/held/acknowledged that .... They claim/ believe/argue that ... But I wonder/doubt whether..... 1-2 現象法 引出要剖析的現象或者問題, 然后評論 . [1]. Recently the rise in problem of/ ... has cause/aroused public/popular/wide/ worldwide concern. [2]. Recently the issue of the problem of/the phenomenon of ...has been brought into focus. [3].Inflation/Corruption/Social inequality ... is yet another of the new and bitter truth we have to learn to face now/constantly. ----- To be continued !! 1-3 觀點法 ----開門見山,直接了當地提出自己對要討論的問題的看法. [1]. Never history has the change of .. been as evident as ... Nowhere in the world/China has the issue/idea of .. benn more visible/popular than... [2]. Now people in growing/significant numbers are beginnig/ing to realize/accept/ that...[3]. Now there is a growing awareness/recognation ot the necessity to......Now people bee increasingly aware/conscious of the importance of ...... [4]. Perhaps it is time to have a fresh look at the attitude/idea that....... 1-4 引用法 ----- 先引出名人名言或者有代表性的看法, 來引出文章要展開論述的觀點! [1]. "Knowledge is power." such is the remark made by Bacon.This remark has been shared by more and more people . "Education is not plete with gradulation." Such is the opnion of a great American philosopher. Now more and more people share his opnion. [2]."........." How often we hear such statements/words like thoses /this . In our own days we are used to hearing such traditional plains as this "......". 1-5 比較法 ------ 通過對過去,現在 兩種不同的傾向,觀點的比較 , 引出文章要討論的觀點. [1]. For years, ...had been viewed as ... But people are taking a fresh look now. With the growing ... , people ....... . [2]. People used to think that ... But people now share this new.Chapter 2 文章中間主體內容句型 原因結果分析 3-1-1. 基本原因 --- 分析某事物時, 用此句型說明其基本的或者多方面的原因. [1]. Why ... ? For one thing.. For another ... [2]. The answer to this problem invovles many factors. For one thing... For another...... Still another ... [3]. A number of factors , both physical and psychological affect .... /both individual and social contribute to .... 3-1-2 另一原因 --------> 在分析了基本原因之后, 再補充一個次要的或者更重要時用! [1]. Another important factor is .... [2]. ... is also responsible for the change/problem. [3]. Certainly , the ... is not the sole reason for ..... 3-1-3 后果影響 --------- 分析某事物可能造成的后果或者帶來的影響 . [1]. It will produce a profound/far-reaching effect/impact on.... [2]. In involves some serious consequence for ........ 比較對照句型 3-2-1. 兩者比較 ---> 比較兩事物, 要說出其一超過另一個, 或肯定一事物的優點, 也肯定其缺點的時候用 ! [1]. The advantages gained from A are much greater than the advantages we gain from B. [2]. Indeed, A carries much weight when pared with B. [3]. There is no doubt that it has its negative effects as well as positive effects.3-2-2 . 兩者相同/相似 ------> 比較兩事物共同都有或者共同都沒有的特點時用! [1]. A and B have several thing in mon. They are similar in that..... [2]. A bears some sriking resemblance to B. Chapter Three 文章結尾形式 2-1 結論性--------- 通過對文章前面的討論 ,引出或重申文章的中心思想及觀點 . [1]. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that .....[2]. In summary/In a word , it is more valuable ....... 2-2 后果性------ 揭示所討論的問題若不解決, 將產生的嚴重后果.[1]. We must call for an immediate method , because the current phenomenon of ... , if allowed to proceed, will surely lead to the heavy cost of .......[2]. Obviously , if we ignore/are blind to the problem , there is every chance that .. will be put in danger. 2-3 號召性 -------- 呼吁讀者行動起來, 采取行動或提請注意. [1]. It is time that we urged an immediate end to the undesirable tendcy of ......[2]. It is essential thar effective measures should be taken to correct the tendency.2-4 建議性 -------- 對所討論的問題提出建議性的意見, 包括建議和具體的解決問題的 方法. [1]. While it cannot be solved immediately, still there are ways. The most popular is .... Another method is ... Still another one is .....[2]. Awareness/Recognition of the problem is the first step toward the situation. 2-5 方向性的結尾方式 ---- 其與建議性的唯一差別就是對問題解決提出總的, 大體的方向或者指明前景.[1]. Many solutions are being offered here , all of them make some sense, but none is adequate enough. The problem should be recognized in a wide way . [2]. There is no quick method to the issue of .., but .. might be helpful/benefical.[3]. The great challenge today is ...... There is much difficulty , but ........ 2--6 意義性的結尾方式 --------> 文章結尾的時候,從更高的更新的角度指出所討論的問題的重要性以及其深遠的意義! [1]. Following these suggestions may not guarantee the success, but the pay off might be worth the effort . It will not only benefit but also benefit ..... [2]. In any case, whether it is posotive or negative, one thing is certain that it will undoubtedly .. 結尾萬能公式1． 結尾萬能公式一：如此結論 Obviously（此為過渡短語）, we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others. to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus Thus, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we can find that… 2． 結尾萬能公式二：如此建議 Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.Accordingly, I remend that some measures be taken. Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken. :考試大-英語六級考試
寫作技巧英語翻譯(5)
英語翻譯技巧大匯總
英譯漢就是運用漢語把英語所表達的內容準確而完整地重新表達出來的過程或結果。在翻譯過程中，值得注意的是：一在翻譯需要表達的是句子或文章的內容，而不是結構；二翻譯過程中，不是將兩種語言的結構進行簡單的轉換。翻譯的過程一般分為閱讀理解、漢語表達和審校潤色三個階段。常見的方法有：
一、?詞類轉譯法? 由于英語和漢語是兩中懸殊甚大的不同的語言體系，所以在語言結構與表達方式上都存在很大的差異，這就要求我們對原文中的一些詞語的詞性進行轉化（如：動詞轉化為名詞，形容詞轉化為名詞等），才能使譯文暢通。例如：The modern world is experiencing rapid development of science and technology.當今世界的科學技術正在迅速地發展。[分析]將句中的形容詞rapid轉譯為漢語中的副詞。
二、?增補法 有些英語字句如果照字面的意思翻譯，意念是不完整的，必須根據意義、修辭或句法的需要增補一些漢語，才能更加忠實于原文，使原文的思想更完整地再現。例如：We need clean air, but unfortunately, air pollution is generally present, especially in cities.我們需要清新的空氣，但遺憾的是，空氣污染普遍存在，在城市中尤其如此。[分析]本句為了避免“尤其是在城市里”的表達不完整，增加了“如此”。
三、?省譯法由于英語和漢語在用詞和語法結構上的差異，原文中的某些詞如果直譯出來會使譯文顯得累贅，不符合漢語的表達習慣。在這種情況下，就要省略一些冠詞、代詞、介詞或連詞等省去不譯，但是不能影響原文的意義表達。例如：There was no snow, the leaves were gone from the trees, the grass was dead.天未下雪，但葉落草枯。[分析]在漢語中“葉落”的概念非常清楚，所以省譯了from the trees。
四、?順譯法 ?也就是說按照英語表達的層次順序，依次翻譯英語句子，從而使譯文與英語原文的順序基本一致。例如：He could see that she had been patient all her life, so that now, after years of it, her lips were set in a gentle and saintly smile.他看得出，她一生含辛茹苦，如今苦盡甘來，嘴邊總是帶著溫柔、圣潔的微笑。[分析]英語句子的順序，從意思上講，與漢語句子的順序是一致的。
五、?逆譯法? 也就是對于句子結構復雜的英語句子，可以先翻譯全句的后部，在依次向前逆序翻譯前面的句子。例如：It is our task to build up a nuclear power station somewhere by the end of this year.我們的任務是于今年年底在某地建成一座原子能發電站。[分析]翻譯英語里面的一系列狀語時，必須按照時間狀語、地點狀語和方式狀語的順序漢語習慣表達習慣來組織語句。
六、?分譯法? 也就是采取化整為零的方法將整個英語長句翻譯為幾個獨立的句子，順序基本不變，前后保持連貫。例如：At the meeting decision was made to transfer a part of the students to another school.會議上作出一項決定，把一部分學生轉到另一所學校去。[分析]本句的主語的后置定語比較長，而謂語很短，為了使句子結構勻稱，避免頭重腳輕的現象，就把后面的不定式與主句分開翻譯了。
七、?綜合法也就是說翻譯時經過仔細推敲，或按照時間先后，或按照邏輯順序，有順有逆、有主有次地對全句進行綜合處理，英語和漢語的字面意思不完全對應，但是內涵是相同的。例如：One can perhaps get a clearer picture of Japan’s acute population pressure by imagining what Switzerland would be like if that small and mountainous country were inhabited by 28 million people instead of the 5.7 million at present.只要設想一下，假若那小小的瑞士居住的人口不是現在的五百七十萬，而是兩千八百萬，瑞士會是什么情景，人民便會清楚地理解日本所面臨的人口壓力是多么大。[分析]原文的重點在于One can...population pressure，按照漢語習慣，應該先敘事，后總結，所以翻譯時從中間by imagining...入手，最后回到句首，譯出One can...。而且漢語句子的意思也有“意譯”的成分。
寫作技巧英語翻譯(6)
小學英語寫作技巧
1 寫前閱讀階段
閱讀與寫作同屬書面能力。閱讀要求的是理解和領悟能力，寫作要求的是運用和表達能力。閱讀可以看作是一種“輸入”，學生從閱讀的篇章中學到語言基礎知識，學到詞語、句子與篇章結構的組織方式。寫作則可看作是一種“輸出”，學生通過寫作傳遞信息、思想與情感。沒有“輸入”，就沒有“輸出”．只有通過閱讀的逐步領會，才能轉化為寫作的正確表達。
1．1課外泛讀
閱讀能夠促進寫作，是寫作的基礎。因此要想寫出好文章，學生就必須增加課外閱讀量。班里可集體訂閱一些報刊、雜志，如《英語學習》、《英語沙龍》、《英語世界》、《英語知識》等，還可以從圖書館借閱一些名著的簡寫讀物、科普讀物等，提高學習興趣。同時，學生在閱讀過程中應細心分析和揣摩文章的語言特點、用詞造句、習慣用法和固定搭配等．而且還要摘錄其中常用詞組、言簡意賅的句子和富有哲理、優美、精彩的段落，并有意識地背誦、模仿。長期堅持這樣的練習。頭腦中自然會存儲大量的優美、地道的表達方式，寫文章時才會得心應手。
1．2課內精讀
西方人推崇理性、注重分析的思維方式反映在寫作上就是英文段落、篇章邏輯性強。一段只有一個主題。段中各支持句僅僅圍繞被明確表述的主題．層層展開論證或支持主題句。整篇文章環環相扣、條理分明。因此，在閱讀教學中，教師可以結合課文講解，介紹一些寫作技能．引導學生在閱讀中學習如何闡明段落及篇章寫作范例的學習和課后進行的模仿性寫作。使學生初步掌握一些英語寫作的基本理論與技巧．提高語篇分析和表達能力。
2 寫作過程
寫作焦慮的其中一個原因就是教師常常要求學生寫一些他們不感興趣或與他們無關的事情。因此，學生寫作只要是為了湊夠字數而非真正交流自己的思想、感受。寫作焦慮的另一個原因是缺乏一個“安全的”寫作環境，學生害怕寫作因為他們知道作文的讀者是皺著眉、拿著紅筆的老師，因此運用語言就不自然。與伙伴合作或在群體中寫作，則能消除這兩種焦慮感。同時通過合作，減少學生對教師的依賴，增強自信心，學習自主學習。
小學生提高英語寫作能力的三大技巧：首先要搞好閱讀。閱讀是寫作的基礎,在閱讀方面下的功夫越深,駕馭語言的能力也就越強。首先要搞好閱讀。閱讀是寫作的基礎,在閱讀方面下的功夫越深,駕馭語言的能力也就越強。所以要寫好英語先要讀好英語,在語言學習方面狠下苦功,教科書要讀透, 因為教科書中的文章都是一些很好的范文,文筆流暢,語言規范,精彩的一些課文段落要背誦。再就是要進行大量課外閱讀,并記住一些好文章的篇章結構。
加強練詞造句訓練
其次,要加強練詞造句的訓練。詞句對作文相當于造房的材料,無好材料就造不出好房子。平時在學習閱讀時要注意收集積累,把好的詞語、短語、句型做好筆記。平時在練習中的錯誤也要做好記錄,再對照正確句子,使地道的英語句子如同條件反射,落筆就對。
了解英語寫作格式還有,要了解英語寫作的不同體裁與格式。可以先看一本介紹英語寫作入門的書,對英語寫作有一個初步的概念,如怎么寫議論文,如何提出論據,如何展開,如何確定中心句;又如,英語信的格式,如何根據不同身份寫不同結束語等,然后根據不同的體裁進行寫作練習。 「 1」 「 2」
用英語寫日記
要養成記英語日記勤練筆的好習慣。經常用英語記日記,等于天天在練筆,這無疑是提高英語協作的行之有效的好辦法。在記日記時,不要總是用簡單句,要有意識地用一些好的詞組、句型、關聯詞和復合句等,使文句更優美生動。還有要按照題目或所給情景寫文章練筆。寫好后對照范文,找出差距,然后再練習,這對提高英語作文也很有幫助,在游泳中學會游泳,只有多練習才能練好。
總之,平時學習語言素材積累多了,體裁格式記住了又經常練習不斷提高,到作文下筆時就會得心應手,水到渠成。
寫作技巧英語翻譯(7)
英語作文寫作技巧
一、審題立意
大學英語六級作文的題型一般是標題作文、主題句作文或情景、圖表作文等等，去年六級作文考試有書信和記敘文，但基本都屬于命題作文范疇。對于命題作文，審題立意是寫好作文至關重要的一步。所謂審題，就是要看清題意，確定文章的中心思想和主題，并圍繞中心思想組織材料。也就是通過分析作文題給出的標題、主題旬或情景，找出關鍵詞或中心詞，明確寫作要求，是寫哪方面的內容，既包括題材上的要求，也包括體裁上的要求。如果不審題就隨便下筆，想一句寫一句，內容離題，即使再好的再華麗的再精心構思的詞句表達也無濟于事。另一方面，六級寫作的目的是測試學生用英語書面表達思想的初步能力，并不是測試你母語創作能力，而且為了便于作文評卷有一盡量統一的標準，出題方式無論怎樣變化，六級作文都可以歸納為三段式，有的甚至給出三段的段首句。其目的就是讓學生們在統一主題下的寫作要點、思維和方式盡可能地同一化和統一化。鑒于此，我們應清楚六級寫作沒有太大的自由發揮空間。在構思段落之前一定要仔細斟酌標題、主題句和段首字，找出關鍵詞從而確定寫作的方向和范圍，而且還應記住要盡量縮小這個范圍，不能脫離要求任意展開，那樣屬于跑題。
二、段落構思
文章的段落，是文章的基本組成部分，一篇好的文章需要精心的段落構思和合理的段落安排，根據不同的題材確定不同的段落寫作順序。六級作文從結構上看，一般由三部分組成：引言部分(Introductory Part;展開部分(BodyPart);結尾部分(Ending Part)，而且每段往往只有一個主題，段中各支持句圍繞明確的主題，層層展開論證并服務于主題句。整篇文章也是層層推進，環環相扣，條理分明，完整統一。下面進一步說明每一部分的具體寫作技巧與要求：首先，引言部分Introductory Part
文章開頭很重要，關系到全篇文章，一定要認真考慮好如何寫好第一句。一般緊扣主題，開門見山，直接入題。如果已給出段首句，則要考慮如何跟開頭連接好。在實際寫作中，主要有以下幾種開頭方式。
定義法。即用一句話或幾句話來解放說明題中的關鍵詞，給出關鍵詞的定義。多用于給出一簡單題目的標題作文。直接切入主題。也就是直截了當地揭示文章的主題或寫作原由，如已給出每一段的中文提示，可直接翻譯提示中每一段的中心思想，作為開頭。
提問法。用疑問句或設問句開頭，緊接著提出自己對這個問題的看法或直接點明主題，這種方法如果使用得當，能夠激起讀者往下讀的興趣，以便找出答案。以故事背景開頭，交待時間、地點、人物及背景，然后在這個背景下引出正文。這種方法多用于記敘文，使讀者一開始就產生鮮明視覺形象。引用法。即引用名人名言或諺語等作為文章的開頭，指出閱讀的內容范圍。
其次，主題部分Body Part
篇章寫作不僅應層次清楚，而且主次也要分明I任何文章都有主體部分，即文章的精華部分。學生在這部分的寫作錯誤五花八門，或者段落內容缺乏統一性，或者句與句之間缺少連貫性，層次混亂，信息的表達經常是跳躍式的想到什么寫什么，內容空洞，言之無物，缺乏嚴密的邏輯性。針對這些錯誤，寫主體段應注意以下幾點要求。要緊扣開頭段提出的主題思想，突出中心。圍繞主題句用一組意思連貫而且完整的句子展開文章，切記各展開句是能起到說明、支持或闡述主題的句子并服務于主題，全文保持統一性，也就是我們通常所說的“切題”。主體段取材必須精練典型，系統而完整。根據內容需要和字數的規定，確定要點的詳與略后，選擇正確的、典型的、具有說服力的事實、例子、數據和論據等說明解釋并擴充主題。主體段要與開頭段和結尾段有內在的必然歸宿，要順其自然地過渡，使用好承上啟下的連接詞或句子，防止突然轉折。另外，主體段的句與句之間也要逐步展開，通順連貫，符合一定的邏輯關系。星火教育網
最后，結尾部分Ending Part
文章如何結尾關系到寫作的成敗。好的結尾不僅在形式上起到面龍點睛的效果，而且在內容上讀者明其宗旨，解其寓意。一般結尾段的寫法有以下幾種;總結式，即在上文所述事實和論據的基礎上，對全文進行歸納、總結得出結論，使讀者對文章的主題或作者的觀點有個更完整而清晰的理解。首尾呼應式，即對引言段所提出的同題給出解決方案，作到首尾呼應，主題突出，結構勻稱，使讀者對提出的問題有了明確的答案。提問式，這種結尾形式可以引起讀者的思考。并起到強調主題的作用。展望式，也就是要提出作者的希望、號召或表示信心和決-C-，使讀者受鼓舞。引語式，引用名人名言，諺語俗語做文章的結尾，使文章更具說服力。
Chapter One 文章開頭句型
1-1 對立法 : 先引出其他人的不同看法,然后提出自己的看法或者偏向于某一看法,適用于有爭議性的主題.
[1]. When asked about....., the vast/overwhelming majority of people say that ....... But I think/view a bit differently.
[2]. When it comes to .... , some people bielive that ....... Others argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true . There is probably some truth in both arguements/statements , but (I tend to the profer/latter ...)
[3]. Now, it is commonly/generally/widely believed/held/acknowledged that .... They claim/ believe/argue that ... But I wonder/doubt whether.....
1-2 現象法 引出要剖析的現象或者問題, 然后評論 .
[1]. Recently the rise in problem of/(phenomenon of) ... has cause/aroused public/popular/wide/ worldwide concern.
[2]. Recently the issue of the problem of/the phenomenon of ...has been brought into focus. ( has been brouth to public attention)
[3].Inflation/Corruption/Social inequality ... is yet another of the new and bitter truth we have to learn to face now/constantly.
----- To be continued !!
1-3 觀點法 ----開門見山,直接了當地提出自己對要討論的問題的看法.
[1]. Never history has the change of .. been as evident as ... Nowhere in the world/China has the issue/idea of .. benn more visible/popular than...
[2]. Now people in growing/significant numbers are beginnig/coming to realize/accept/(be aware) that...[3]. Now there is a growing awareness/recognation ot the necessity to......Now people become increasingly aware/conscious of the importance of ......
[4]. Perhaps it is time to have a fresh look at the attitude/idea that.......
1-4 引用法 ----- 先引出名人名言或者有代表性的看法, 來引出文章要展開論述的觀點!
[1]. Knowledge is power. such is the remark made by Bacon.This remark has been shared by more and more people .
Education is not complete with gradulation. Such is the opnion of a great American philosopher. Now more and more people share his opnion.
[2].......... How often we hear such statements/words like thoses /this .
In our own days we are used to hearing such traditional complains as this .......
1-5 比較法 ------ 通過對過去,現在 兩種不同的傾向,觀點的比較 , 引出文章要討論的觀點.
[1]. For years, ...had been viewed as ... But people are taking a fresh look now. With the growing ... , people ....... .
[2]. People used to think that ... (In the past, ....) But people now share this new.Chapter 2 文章中間主體內容句型
原因結果分析
3-1-1. 基本原因 --- 分析某事物時, 用此句型說明其基本的或者多方面的原因.
[1]. Why ... ? For one thing.. For another ...
[2]. The answer to this problem invovles many factors. For one thing... For another...... Still another ...
[3]. A number of factors , both physical and psychological affect .... /both individual and social contribute to ....
3-1-2 另一原因 --------> 在分析了基本原因之后, 再補充一個次要的或者更重要時用!
[1]. Another important factor is ....
[2]. ... is also responsible for the change/problem.
[3]. Certainly , the ... is not the sole reason for .....
3-1-3 后果影響 --------- 分析某事物可能造成的后果或者帶來的影響 .
[1]. It will produce a profound/far-reaching effect/impact on....
[2]. In involves some serious consequence for ........
比較對照句型
3-2-1. 兩者比較 ---> 比較兩事物, 要說出其一超過另一個, 或肯定一事物的優點, 也肯定其缺點的時候用 !
[1]. The advantages gained from A are much greater than the advantages we gain from B.
[2]. Indeed, A carries much weight when compared with B.
[3]. There is no doubt that it has its negative effects as well as positive effects.3-2-2 . 兩者相同/相似 ------> 比較兩事物共同都有或者共同都沒有的特點時用!
[1]. A and B have several thing in common. They are similar in that.....
[2]. A bears some sriking resemblance(s) to B.
Chapter Three 文章結尾形式
2-1 結論性--------- 通過對文章前面的討論 ,引出或重申文章的中心思想及觀點 .
[1]. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that .....[2]. In summary/In a word , it is more valuable .......
2-2 后果性------ 揭示所討論的問題若不解決, 將產生的嚴重后果.[1]. We must call for an immediate method , because the current phenomenon of ... , if allowed to proceed, will surely lead to the heavy cost of .......[2]. Obviously , if we ignore/are blind to the problem , there is every chance that .. will be put in danger.
2-3 號召性 -------- 呼吁讀者行動起來, 采取行動或提請注意.
[1]. It is time that we urged an immediate end to the undesirable tendcy of ......[2]. It is essential thar effective measures should be taken to correct the tendency.2-4 建議性 -------- 對所討論的問題提出建議性的意見, 包括建議和具體的解決問題的
方法.
[1]. While it cannot be solved immediately, still there are ways. The most popular is .... Another method is ... Still another one is .....[2]. Awareness/Recognition of the problem is the first step toward the situation.
2-5 方向性的結尾方式 ---- 其與建議性的唯一差別就是對問題解決提出總的, 大體的方向或者指明前景.[1]. Many solutions are being offered here , all of them make some sense, but none is adequate enough. The problem should be recognized in a wide way .
[2]. There is no quick method to the issue of .., but .. might be helpful/benefical.[3]. The great challenge today is ...... There is much difficulty , but ........
2--6 意義性的結尾方式 --------> 文章結尾的時候,從更高的更新的角度指出所討論的問題的重要性以及其深遠的意義!
[1]. Following these suggestions may not guarantee the success, but the pay off might be worth the effort . It will not only benefit but also benefit .....
[2]. In any case, whether it is posotive or negative, one thing is certain that it will undoubtedly ..
結尾萬能公式1． 結尾萬能公式一：如此結論
Obviously（此為過渡短語）, we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others.
to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus
Thus, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we can find that…
2． 結尾萬能公式二：如此建議
Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken.
Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken.
來源:考試大-英語六級考試
寫作技巧英語翻譯(8)
篇一
1. 關于……人們有不同的觀點。一些人認為……
There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that ____.
2. 俗話說（常言道）……，它是我們前輩的經歷，但是，即使在今天，它在許多場合仍然適用。
There is an old saying______. It"s the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today.
3. 現在，……，它們給我們的日常生活帶來了許多危害。首先，……；其次，……。更為糟糕的是……。
Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ____ Second,____. What makes things worse is that______.
3. 現在，……很普遍，許多人喜歡……，因為……，另外（而且）……。
Nowadays，it is common to ______. Many people like ______ because ______. Besides，______.
5. 任何事物都是有兩面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。 Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages.
6. 關于……人們的觀點各不相同，一些人認為（說）……，在他們看來，……
People"s opinions about ______ vary from person to person. Some people say that ______.To them,_____.
7. 人類正面臨著一個嚴重的問題……，這個問題變得越來越嚴重。
Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious.
8. ……已成為人的關注的熱門話題，特別是在年青人當中，將引發激烈的辯論。
______ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.
9. ……在我們的日常生活中起著越來越重要的作用，它給我們帶來了許多好處，但同時也引發一些嚴重的問題。
______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.
10. 根據圖表/數字/統計數字/表格中的百分比/圖表/條形圖/成形圖可以看出……。很顯然……，但是為什么呢？
According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph，it can be seen that______ while. Obviously，______，but why?
篇二
1.正反觀點式議論文模板
第1段：Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (導入話題)
Our opinions are divided on this topic.(觀點有分歧) 正文：
第2段：Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方觀點)
Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3個贊成的理由)
第3段：However, the others are strongly against it. (反方觀點)
Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2~3個反對的理由) 結論：
第4段：Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(個人觀點)
2.“A或者B”類議論文模板： 導入：
第1段：Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages. 正文：
第2段：There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that ... Another reason is that...(贊同A的原因)
第3段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent... (列出1~2個B的優勢) 結論：
第4段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that ...(得出結論) オ
3.觀點論述類議論文模板： 導入：
第1段：提出一種現象或某個決定作為議論的話題
As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的觀點是贊成還是反對)
The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (過渡句，承上啟下) 正文：
第2段：First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3個贊成或反對的理由)
結論： 第3段：In conclusion, I believe that... (照應第1段，構成"總—分—總"結構)
4."How to"類議論文模板： 導入：
第1段：提出一種現象或某種困難作為議論的話題 正文：
第2段：Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3個解決此類問題的辦法) 結論：
第3段：These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(強調解決此類問題的根本方法)
3提出zui終建議的萬能模板：
1、 It is high time that we put an end to the (trend).該是我們停止這一趨勢的時候了。
"It is high time" 打頭，為該句增色。注：that 后跟虛擬語氣，后跟動詞的一般過去式，表示“是某人做。。。的時候了”或者“是某人不做。。。的時候了”
2、It is time to take the advice of ... and to put special empha sis on the improvement of ...該是采納……的建議，并對……的進展給予非常重視的時候了。 去掉一個"high"，畫風完全不一樣，不用過去式，只需用"to do"來替代。
3、There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of ...毫無疑問，對……問題應予以足夠的重視。 "there is no doubt that"+被動還是蠻經典的組合。 4、Obviously,.... If we want to do something... , it is essential that...顯然，如果我們想做某事，我們需要…… 這句有些老生常談，稍微不“常”的就是"essential" 替代了"important"。
5、Only in this way can we... 只有這樣,我們才能... Only+倒裝，經典萬能句式，還能看出點水平呢。
6、It must be realized that... 我們必須意識到... 把人人都會的"I realized"升格為被動語態，省略了主語，監考老師絕對會眼前一亮的！
篇三
一、 英語書信的常見寫作模板：
二、 開頭部分： How nice to hear from you again. Let me tell you something about the activity. I’m glad to have received your letter of Apr. 9th. I’m pleased to hear that you’re coming to China for a visit. I’m writing to thank you for your help during my stay in America.
三、 結尾部分： With best wishes. I’m looking forward to your reply. I’d appreciate it if you could reply earlier.
篇四
口頭通知常見寫作模板：
呼語及開場白部分：
Ladies and gentlemen, May I have your attention, please? I have an announcement to make.
正文部分：
All the teachers and students are required to attend it. Please take your notebooks and make notes. Please listen carefully and we’ll have a discussion in groups. Please come on time and don’t be late.
寫作技巧英語翻譯(9)
（一）定語從句的翻譯
（二）非謂語動詞的翻譯
（三）被動語態的翻譯
（四）代詞的翻譯
（五）形容詞和副詞的翻譯
（六）增詞與減詞
（七）主謂搭配
除了可以翻譯成方位外，英文中的介詞翻譯為動。
例句： He went to Beijing by plane. By 翻譯為“坐，
乘，搭”。 廢話與主句的關系。
中文的語序：先出主語+廢話+主句。
英文語序：廢話+主語+主句或主語+主句+廢話。英文一般開門見山，中文比較迂回。例句：中國是一個發展中的大國，
高度重視中美兩國之間的雙邊關系。翻譯： China is a major developing country in the
world and attaches great importance to the bilateral relationship between the United
States and China (口譯角度). As a major developing country in the world, China attaches
great importance to the bilateral relationship between the United States and China (筆譯
角度).
1． 定語從句的前置合譯法與后置分譯法：關系詞的翻譯很重要。短前長后——短的定語從句需要前置合譯法，長的定語從句需要
后置合譯法。定語從句小于等于八個單詞需要前置，大于八個單詞需要后置合譯法。有
多個從句循環套用時，從句長度 1+2 約=從句 3 時，1 和2放在一起，3單獨翻譯；從句長度 2+3 約=1 時，從句 2 和 3 放在一起， 1單獨翻譯。
Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are
many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate response will experience
greater intellectual development.
首先斷句，抓連接詞。關系代詞和人稱代詞要指明要點。 Behaviorists suggest that“行
為主義者認為”。 the child who is raised in an environment where there are many
stimuli“孩子生長在有許多刺激的環境里”。 which develop his or her capacity for
appropriate response， his 和 her 翻譯為“其”，“這些刺激培養了其適當反應的能力”。
will experience greater intellectual development， will 前缺少主語，“孩子就會有更大
的智力提高”。
譯文：行為主義者認為，如果孩子生活在有許多刺激的環境里，而這些刺激又培養了其
適當反應的能力，那么這個孩子就會有更大的智力提高。
