漢譯英翻譯16篇
漢譯英翻譯(1)
Lang-8
漢譯英翻譯技巧
一、分清主從 (Subordination)
漢語句中各分句關系比較松散，所以在動筆前應認真分析句子要旨所在。句中重點往往在后。英譯時，要突出重點或主句，其他部分可分別用介詞短語，非謂語動詞形式或各種從句表示。
1、 沒有農業，人們就不能生存，社會生產就不能繼續下去。
Without agriculture, people cannot exist, neither can social production
proceed.
2、 他們一聽到“反霸”就火冒三丈,這充分暴露了他們那霸權主義的蠻橫嘴臉。
The fact that they fly into a rage at a mere mention of the expression“anti-
hegemony”is enough to reveal their true colours as a domineering hegemonists.
3、 有人以為社會主義就了不起，一點缺點也沒有，哪有這個事?
Some believe that socialism is just perfect, without a single flaw. How can
that be true?
4、 但是，象我們常說的那樣，道路總是曲折的，前途總是光明的。
But as we have often said, while the road ahead is tortuous, the future is
bright.
二、 選詞用字 （Diction）
在漢譯英時應特別注意選找與原文中在意義上和風味上盡可能都類似的詞語。
1、每個民族都有它的長處，不然它為什么能存在？為什么能發展？
Every nation has its own strong points. If not, how can it survive? How can it progress?
2、樹雄心，立壯志，向科學技術現代化進軍。
Foster lofty ideals, set high goals and march forward for the revolution
of modernization of science and technology.
3、 我國的社會主義建設，需要一個和平的國際環境，需要一個國內安定團結，
天下大治的局面。
For its socialist construction, China needs an international environment
of peace and a domestic situation of stability, unity and great order.
4、論技術，她那時還不如我，但思想卻比我高得多。
Professionally she was then not yet my equal, but ideologically she was
head and shoulders above me.
三、增益 （Ampification）
漢譯英時的“增益”技巧的運用,有時是為了使英美人理解原文的精確含義,有時是為了遵循英語的行文習慣。
1、交出翻譯之前，必須讀幾遍，看看有沒有要修改的地方。這樣才能把工作做好。
Before handing in your translation, you have to read it over and over again
and see if there anything in it to be corrected or improved. Only then can
you do your work well.
（英語行文時人稱代詞，物主代詞用得較多）
2、她挑水，生爐子，洗東西，忙個不停。
Fetching water, building the fire, washing --- she had her hands full every
minute. (增益為了意譯)
3、他們一聽說有新任務，就坐不往了。
When they learnt that they’d been given a new task, they just couldn’t sit still any longer. (增加not… any longer 表示“不再”.)
4、會用就了不得,不會用就一文不值.
It works wonders when you know how to use it, but when you don’t it is not
worth a single penny. (增加連詞與代詞)
三、 省略法.(Omission)
漢語不怕重復,英語中有相同的詞語常可省略,行文較簡練。漢語中出于行文需要而沒有實意的一些詞語在英譯時也要省略。
1、我們要培養分析問題，解決問題的能力。
We must cultivate the ability to analyse and solve problems.
（只用一個problems）
2、我已提前完成了任務，他也提前完成了。
I’ve fulfilled my assigned work ahead of schedule, so has he.
3、中國人民歷來是勇于探索，勇于創造，勇于革命的。
The people of China have always been courageous enough to probe into
things, to make inventions and to make revolution.
（只用一個courageous enough ）
4、質子帶陽電，電子帶陰電，而中子既不帶陽電，也不帶陰電。
A proton has a positive charge and an electron a negative charge, but a
neutron has neither.
五、轉換 （Conversion）
漢語中的某些詞類在英譯時常常要根據英語的句式轉換成英語的另一類詞，更符合英語的慣用法。不僅如此，有時整個句式也要轉換。
1、一定要少說空話，多做工作。
There must be less empty talk and more hard work.
(漢語中的動詞轉換成英語中的名詞)
2、警察把那個孩子的胳臂抓得更緊了，叫嚷道：“學規矩點!”
Tightening his hold on the boy’s arm, the policeman yelled,“Learn some respect!”(句子的前部分轉換成分詞結構)
３、口試時問了她十個問題,她一一答對了。
She was asked ten questions in the oral exam and answered every one correctly.
（主動式轉換為被動式句型）
４、語言這個東西不是隨便可以學好的，非下苦功不可。
The mastery of language is not easy and requires painstaking effort.
(句式不同但意思完全相同)
六、詞序調整。（Inversion）
每種語言都有自己的自然語序，翻譯時要注意入鄉隨俗。特別要注意英譯時強調句式的詞序。
1、 這個茶會是由倫敦《泰晤士報》的高級記者約翰先生舉行的。
The tea-party was given by Mr John, senior correspondent of The
Times, London.（英譯時姓名在前，職務在后）
2、 我們上星期天在她家盡情地吃了一頓。
We ate to our hearts’ content at her home last Sunday.
(漢語的狀語排列：時間―――地點―――方式
英語的排列是： 方式―――地點―――時間）
3、我們從來沒有看見過這樣光明的前途。
Never have we seen so bright a future before us.
(英語中Never開頭的句子詞序要倒裝)
4、荷花雖好，也要綠葉扶持。
With all its beauty the lotus needs the green of its leaves to set it off.
( With 的特殊用法，表示讓步，用在句首)
七、正說反譯，反說正譯。（Negation）
英漢兩種語言都有自己的約定俗成的正反說法，這在英譯時要時刻注意到。英語中有些詞匯本身就有否定的意思，要善于利用，如 fail, without, beyond, until, unless, instead of 等；
１、我認為他不對。他昨天沒有露面。
I don’t think he is correct. he failed to turn up yesterday.
(正說反譯，反說正譯)
２、證據確鑿，毋庸置疑。
The evidence is conclusive, excluding all possibilities of doubt.(反說正譯)
３、那件事沒有減弱我們的決心，反倒增強了我們的決心。
That served to strengthen instead of weaken our determination.
( or: That strengthened, rather than weakened, our determination.)
4、 會議開得冷冷清清，有時甚至開不下去了。
The meetings were marked by such an absence of lively discussions that
at times they were almost on the point of breaking up.(正說反譯，反說正譯)
八、長句拆譯。 （Division）
翻譯時隨意斷句是不足取的，但為了忠實并通順地轉達原意，仔細分析后，在保持原文風格特點的前提下，適當地斷句倒顯得更自然有力。長句拆譯時往往要綜合使用學到的種種技巧。
１、我們的一般企業很少注意經濟效果，廣泛存在著勞動無定員，生產無定額，質量無檢查，成本無核算的現象，在人力、物力、財力上造成很多浪費。
Our enterprises in general pay little attention to economic results, since usually the number of workers needed for a job is not fixed, production quota is not fixed, the quality of products is not checked and cost accounting is not earnestly practised. All this has incurred a big waste of manpower, material resources and money.
(因為原長句結尾處是表判斷帶有總結性的分句，所以在這里斷句譯較好)
２、人民的覺悟是不容易的，要去掉人民頭腦中的錯誤思想，需要我們做很多切切實實的工作。
The political awakening of the people is not easy. It requires much earnest effort on our part to rid their minds of wrong ideas.
(原句中包含著從一般到細節的過渡，斷句分譯才使譯文更有條理)
３、一定要言行一致，理論與實踐密切結合，反對華而不實和任何虛夸，少說空話，多做工作，扎扎實實，埋頭苦干。
Deed and word must match and theory and practice must be closely integrated.
We must reject flashiness without substance and every sort of boasting. There must be less empty talk and more hard work. We must be steadfast and dedicated.
長句拆譯方面對初學者來說有些偏深，故不多舉例了。作為有心人認真探索是大有好處的。
以上我們探討了如何在漢譯英時把“英譯漢”的翻譯技巧加以利用,以求得英語行文正確與合理.現在我們要從另一個角度來分析漢譯英.也就是從語法上著手，縱橫結合。通過這樣學習，對提高實際運用英語的能力有極其重要的作用。因為漢語的句子我們可以一目十行，怎么樣地道地用英語表達才是我們“翻譯法”的終極目標.
一、漢語中無詞形變化，但仔細分析一下，我們都能明確其中各詞屬于什么詞性。英語中詞形變化很重要，名詞有單復數變化，冠詞有定冠詞和不定冠詞，形容詞、副詞有比較級和最高級的變化，動詞有時態、語態、語氣的變化以及各種非謂語動詞的不同用法。這要求我們在漢譯英時應該看好英語的詞法與句法的統一。
１、年輕人宜彬彬有禮。
Modesty becomes a young man.
（注意動詞的變化與冠詞的用法）
２、鳥鳴山更幽。
It seems to be more lonesome in the mountains when birds are singing.
（形容詞比較級，名詞復數，動詞進行時）
３、從各方面來考慮，他的命運是幸福的。
Taking all things into consideration, his lot is a happy one.
(分詞的獨立主格用法，冠詞的正確使用)
４、使事情更糟的，天又下起雨來了。
To make the matter worse, it began to rain.
（不定式作獨立主格）
二、漢語中存在著無主句（沒有主語的句子）。英語中除祈使句之外，一般都必須有主語。所以在漢譯英時，應經常推敲要選那一個詞來當主語，一般可加上I, we, you, they等（常泛指人們）作主語以及加上相應的物主代詞。有時也采用被動語態來翻譯。
１、拾煤渣也要放聰明點兒，常常換換地方。為的不受那些野男孩子的欺負。
Even when scrounging for cinder you had to have your wits about you and shift from place to place to avoid those mischievous boys who banded together to collect cinders, too.
(用you作主語，再加上相關的代詞your.)
2、真是一個錢撕成八瓣用，心里總想著怎樣能夠改善家里的困境。
Each single copper had to be eked out, and I kept racking my minds for ways to improve our difficult conditions.
（翻譯時用I 作主語并增加相關的物主代詞）
３、對革命高潮的客觀條件與主觀力量區分不清楚，不知道主觀的群眾運動對促成革命高潮到來的作用。
No clear distinction was made between the objective condition and the subjective strength involved in a revolutionary upsurge. We did not understand the importance of the mass movement, the subjective element, in helping to bring about a revolutionary upsurge.
（漢語中屬無主句，英譯時增添主語we）
3、 村里辦了小學，開設了糧站和衛生所。
A primary school, a grain station and a clinic have been set up in the village.
（漢譯英時使用被動語態）
三、漢語中詞與詞之間，短語與短語之間，分句與分句之間很少用連詞。而在這種場合下英語一定要使用連詞，表示各成份之間的關系。漢語的特點是“意合”,這種簡潔性曾被著名的美國語言學家愛德華.薩皮爾描繪為是一種有著“合理的邏 輯性”的語言。英語行文重在“形合”.所以在該使用連詞and 時決不可漏掉。其它各種從屬連詞的使用也很重要。
１、我們是革命戰爭的領導者，組織者，我們又是群眾生活的領導者，組織者。
We are the leaders and organizers of the revolutionary wars as well as the leaders and organizers of the life of the masses.(連詞 and, as well as 在這里一定要用)
２、小伙子走了.夕陽下,她躺在草地上等著。
The young man left, and she lay waiting on the grass in the evening sun.
(這里連詞and 起了合句的作用,合句與斷句相對,也是一種重要的翻譯技巧.)
３、海洋覆蓋了地球表面的７１%,是全球生命支持系統的一個基本組成部分,也是資源的寶庫,環境的重要調節器.
The ocean, which covers 71% of the earth’s surface, is a basic component of the global bio-support system. It is also a treasure house of resources and an important regulator of the environment.
(主語后面有三個并列的謂語:覆蓋了…,是…,也是… .但仔細分析可看出,“覆蓋了地球表面的７１％”說明了一個人們已知的客觀事實，句子的重點在后面。因此譯文用了一個定語從句來處理前面的分句，而用謂語集中處理后半句的內容。)
４、中國在自己發展的長河中，形成了優良的歷史文化傳統。這些傳統，隨著時代變遷和社會進步獲得揚棄和發展。
In the prolonged course of its development, China has formed its fine historical and cultural traditions, which have been either developed or sublated with the changes of the times and social progress.
（原文是兩句話，第一句在句末提出“歷史文化傳統”，第二句接著加以發揮。兩句話雖在內容上緊密相連，但在形式上都是兩個并列的句子，互相沒有從屬關系。漢語行文“意合”,我們就應該用英語的“形合”表示出來,所以使用了從屬連詞which 把兩句連在一起,變成一個主從復合句.
四、意譯法的正確使用。
翻譯過程本身充滿矛盾，筆者認為主要矛盾在于意合與形合之爭。根據我們現在學習的目的來看，我更偏重于意合，說穿了就是意譯。因為同一句漢語可用多種英語句型表達，反之亦然。一般情況下，意思說對了就行了，那在什么情況下用意譯較好呢？
（一），如果照原句的字眼直接譯成英語，你又不熟悉對應詞的相關的用法，就容易引起誤會，這時應使用意譯法，以確切傳達原意為準。
1、村里的居民，全不在他眼睛里。
He looked down upon all the inhabitants of the village.
2、誰料這小子竟謀了他的飯碗去。
Who could have thought that this low fellow would steal his living from him.
3、他惹了一肚子的氣，回來氣的一整夜也沒睡著。
Being absolutely enraged, he was much too angry to sleep that night.
4、他說“如今沒奈何，把你雇在間壁人家放牛。”
“There’s no way out but to set you to work looking after over neighbor’s baffalo.”
（二）、按原文正面譯出，譯文語言不好處理時，可以采用反面著筆的意譯法，也就是我們所談到的“正說反譯,反說正譯”的技巧。
1、那趙家的狗，何以看我兩眼呢？我怕的有理。
Why should the Zhao’s dog give me two glances of the eye? My fear is not
a groundless one.
2、那小女孩接受了禮物，愛玩不忍釋手。
The little girl accepted the gift, liking it so much that she could scarcely take his eyes off it.
3、忽視這一點就不能掌握和運用世界上先進的科學技術成果，不能很好地解決我國建設中遇到的重大問題。
Negligence in this respect will make it impossible for us to master and apply the results of advanced world science and technology and properly solve important problems in our construction.
4、過街愈當心愈好。 禮貌是值得盡量尊重的。
You cannot be too careful in crossing the street.
Good manners cannot be too much valued.
（三）、用意譯法比字面直譯更能確切反映原意時。（漢語成語，俗語，詩歌翻譯等）
1、山不在高，有仙則名。
Any mountains can be famous with the presence of an immortal.
2、 a)，引人矚目 b)，溫厚儒雅 c)，掄灘上海 d)，大展鴻圖
a), attractive b), pacific c),swarm in Shanghai
d), very well realize one’s ambition
3、三個和尚無水吃。
Everybody’s business is nobody’s business.
4、前不見古人，后不見來者。念天地之悠悠，獨愴然而涕下。
Before me, unseen are the ancients,
Behind me, unseen those to come,
Thinking of this infinite universe
Alone, in my sorrow, I shed tears.
（四）、有時為了適應某種文字體裁的要求，譯文只譯出原作的大意。（如圖片說明詞，展覽會上的實物介紹等）
1、 區中心大道
Plant Central Avenue
2、“躍馬擒敵”
Hunting Down the Enemy
3、湄洲島位于臺灣海峽通道里,是莆田市湄洲灣上的一個小島,面積１４平方公里,人口３.５萬多,因供奉媽祖的“湄洲祖廟”聞名世界。
Located in the Taiwan Straits, Meizhou Island is a small island with a total area of 14 square kilometers and a population of 35thousand. It is well-known home and abroad for the first Mazu Temple.
4、二百公里航道上，遍布著無數險灘。險灘上，江流洶涌，回旋激蕩，水擊礁石，浪花飛濺，聲如雷鳴。
Numerous shoals scattered over the 200kms course give rise to many eddies.
Pounding on the midstream rocks, the river roars thunderously.
掌握一些常用的英漢，漢英對譯的翻譯技巧可以激發高中學生英語學習的興趣。因為學了就會用，一勞永逸，簡直是文字游戲。我們視之為學習英語過程中的一種有用的思維工具，不應該把它定位于教學法。毋寧說這是一種學習法，或“應付考試法”更確切。在解答數學題時，我們曾用過歸納法、演繹法、歸謬法等，為什么我們在解答英語習題時不可用翻譯法呢？下面有４０道漢譯英練習。第一部分著重某一種技巧的運用，第二部分要運用二種以上的技巧。參考答案與提示并不是唯一的。你可以自己創新，寫出更美、更富有表現力的句子。愿同學們青出于藍勝于藍。
（一）
1、我們不是為食而生，乃是為生而食。（增益，加連詞）
2、良藥苦口利于病。（選詞用字）
3、那大學的入學試題很難，我不知能否考取。（分清主從）
4、似乎有稍加說明的必要。（增益，加主語）
5、做人不可醉生夢死。（找主語意譯）
6、中國古話說，女子無才便是德。（正說反譯，反說正譯）
7、公平地說一句，他一直是一個好丈夫，也是一個好父親。（不定式用法）
8、我覺得那問題很難解決。（詞序調整）
9、我們的身體和衣服都要保持清潔，以免生病。（轉換并句）
10、我國向來尊重學問。（無主句，用被動語態）
11、太陽落山了，我們回家去。（分詞獨立結構）
12、請代我謝謝他的禮物。（選詞用字句
13、言歸正傳，他們當天便結婚了。（不定式用法）
14、貪愛錢財是萬惡之源。（轉換詞類）
15、他賺了一大筆錢，他母親高興極了。（并句）
16、他易于滿足。（選詞用字）
17、知人知面不知心。（無主句，加主語）
18、人誰無過。（增益，加介詞）
19、不自由毋寧死。（反說正譯）
20、幾家歡樂幾家愁。（增益，加連詞）
21、他硬不肯聽，要我怎樣去說服他。（并句）
22、人生不滿百，常懷千歲憂。（選詞用字）
23、如果合算的話，我就接受那個工作。（選詞用字）
24、各級領導干部必須提高領導水平。（選詞用字）
25、打得贏就打，打不贏就走。（增益）
26、憑舟極目望去，遠處是黛色青山和五彩斑斕的田野。（增益）
27、前怕龍后怕虎的態度不能造就干部。（省略）
28、獲悉貴國遭受地震，我們極為關切。（轉換）
29、這些新型汽車速度快，效率高，行動靈活。（省略）
30、使我們失望的是他不顧大局。（反說正譯）
II
1、小國人民敢于起來斗爭，敢于拿起武器，掌握自己國家的命運，就一定能夠戰勝大國的侵略。（分清主從，詞序調整）
2、天下大亂達到天下大治。（選詞用字，轉換）
3、不學會技術，長期當外行，管理也搞不好。（分清主從，增益）
4、雷鋒的形象，教育我們，鼓舞我們。（增益，省略）
5、在黨的領導下，依靠廣大人民群眾的力量，是我們戰勝一切困難的根本保證。
（轉換，找出合適的主語）
6、一九四二年十一月，德國法西斯軍隊在斯大林格勒附近大敗。（詞序調整，被
動語態）
7、這充分表明我們黨興旺發達，后繼有人。（正說反譯，反說正譯）
8、不辜負全國人民和全世界人民對我們的希望。（反說正譯，詞序調整）
9、對于這些人，并不發生刺激與否的問題，刺激也是那樣，不刺激也是那樣，因為他們是反動派。（長句拆譯，分清主從）
10、人民的覺悟是不容易的，要去掉人民頭腦中的錯誤思想，需要我們做很多切切實實的工作。（長句拆譯，增益，轉換）
參考譯文：
1、 We do not live in order to eat, but we eat in order to live.
2、 Good medicine tastes bitter, but is good for a disease.
3、 As the examination questions of that university are very difficult,
I doubt if (It is uncertain that) I shall pass the entrance examination.
4、A few words of explanation appear necessary.
5、One must not sleep or dream one’s life away.
6、 An old Chinese proverb says that too much learning does not become a woman.
7、To do him justice, he has always been a good husband and a good father.
8、 I found it difficult to solve that problem.
9、 We should keep our bodies and clothes clean not to be attacked by illness.
10、 Learning has always been held in high esteem in our country.
11、 The sun having set, we went home.
12、 Return him my best thanks for the present.
13、 To return to the subject, they got married the very day.
14、 The love of money is the root of all evil.
15、 To the joy of his mother, he won a lot of money.
16、He is content with very little.
17、 We know men’s faces, not their minds.
18、Among men who is faultless?
19、Give me liberty or give me death.
20、 Some families are making merry while others are suffering from poverty.
21、 How can I convince him when he will not listen?
22、 A man does not live a hundred years, yet he worries enough for a thousand.
23、 I will undertake the work, if it pays.
24、 Cadres at all levels should improve their art of leadership.
25、 Fight when you can win, move away when you cannot.
26、 Leaning against the boat, you can see dark green mountains and gorgeous fields in the far distance.
27、 “fearing dragons ahead and tigers behind” will not produce cadres.
28、 We are deeply concerned at the news that your country has been struck by an earthquake.
29、 These new cars were fast, efficient and handy.
30、 To our disappointment, he failed to take the overall situation into account.
II
1、 The people of a small country can defeat aggression by a big country, if only they dare to rise in struggle, dare to take up arms and grasp in their hands the destiny of their own country.
2、 Great disorder across the land leads to great order.
3、 If they don’t learn any technical skills and remain outsiders for a long time, they don’t be able to do management well either.
4、 The brilliant image of Lei Feng educates and inspires us.
5、 Leadership by the Party and reliance on the strength of the masses are the fundamental guarantees for overcoming all difficulties.
6、 The German fascist army was badly defeated at Stalingrad in November 1942.
7、 This fully shows that our Party is flourishing and has no lack of successors.
8、 Live up to the expectations of our own people and the people throughout the world.
9、 With regard to such reactionaries, the questions of irritating does not arise. Irritated or not, they will remain the same because they are reactionaries.
10、 The political awakening of the people is not easy. It requires much earnest effort on our part to rid their minds of wrong ideas.
“深入淺出”這個成語原意是指把深奧的內容用淺顯的言語表達出來，英語可譯為：“explain the profound in simple terms”。翻譯法學英語也可算是深入淺出。但應作別解。學習翻譯法不太容易，所以要深入；但學會了之后，就很好用了，可以“淺出”。因此也具有深入淺出的含義。有點“踏破鐵鞋無處覓,得來全不費工夫”的意境了.下面四篇漢語短文,與英語書面表達所要求的程度相近。動手試譯一下，你一定會感到太好譯了，簡直是小菜一碟。恭喜你成功了！
一
大家請注意，有事要通知。十二月８日星期五下午２點在學校演講廳有個講座。主講人是《人民日報》的張力先生，他準備演講的內容是中美關系。要求大家都要出席。請認真聽講并做好筆記。如有問題要問，請寫在紙條上然后傳給講演人。講座結束后，我們要在班上討論。
不要遲到。就這些了。謝謝大家。
二
親愛的編輯同志：
我的家鄉以前是個美麗的地方。到處都可見到濃密的樹木和綠色的草地。人們為了建造房屋、墾荒多種莊稼，越來越多的樹木砍倒了。幾乎整座森林隨著歲月的流逝而遭毀滅。逐漸形成了這種情況，青山變成荒地，河流干涸。結果沙塵暴時時侵襲我們的家園，我們深受其害。所以我多么希望全民應該體會到沒有保護環境而產生的可怕的后果。還有，我們應該保護那座森林并多植樹，不要只是為了改善生活而亂砍伐。
三
隨著邁進電腦時代，我們感到生活上與電腦息息相關。有成千上萬種電腦學習軟件及電腦游戲，新花樣層出不窮。
然而，不同的人們對電腦的利用大相徑庭。我校很多學生借助電腦課程，學習上已突飛猛進。同樣的時間里，有些學生玩起電腦游戲來依依不舍，這使他們學習上遠遠地落后于同班同學。甚至有些同學成了流生。
據我看來，我們應該充分合理地利用電腦。電腦能擴大我們的知識面，拓寬我們的胸懷。我們不應當埋頭于電腦游戲中毀滅自己。
四
多虧希望工程的實施，一所鄉村學校發生了巨大的變化。
以前這學校叫做李家莊小學。由于家庭困難交不起學費，大部分學生輟學了。那座僅有的危房要用來做教室。所有的教師們共住一間。操場上除了空地什么也沒有。
現在情況可不同了。輟學兒童都回校繼續學習。一座雙層的教學樓直立在校園內。有音樂室、美術室、還有教學用的電腦室。學校的體育器材配備精良。
希望工程給李家莊小學帶來了極大的利益。出自這種原因，學校改名為“希望小學”。
參考譯文： Ｉ，
May I have your attention, please? I have something to tell you. There will be a lecture in the school auditorium at 2:00 pm. December 8,Friday. The lecture will be given by Mr. Zhang Li from the People’s Daily. He is going to speak about the Sino-American relations. Everybody is required to be present. Please listen attentively and take notes. If anybody has a question, please write it down on a slip of paper and pass it to the speaker. After the lecture, we’ll have a discussion in class.
Don’t be late.
That’s all. Thank you!
II,
Dear editor,
In the past my hometown used to be a beautiful place. Thick trees and green grass could be seen everywhere. In order to build houses and grow more crops, people cut down more and more trees. As time went on, the whole forest was almost destroyed. Gradually, the green hills have changed into wasteland and the river has dried. As a result, sandstorms struck us now and then, from which we suffered a lot. So, I do hope all the people should realize the terrible result of not caring about our environment. What’s more, we should take good care of the forests and plant more trees instead of cutting them down so as to improve our living conditions.
III,
As we step into the computer age, we find our lives more and more connected with computers. There are thousands of learning software and computer games and new ones are coming each day.
However, different people make different use of computers. In my school, lots of students have made rapid progress in their study with the help of computer-based learning programs. Meanwhile, some students find it hard to pull themselves away from computer games, which makes them fall far behind their classmates in their study. Some even have dropped out of school.
In my opinion, we’d make best use of computers. Computers can broaden our knowledge as well as our minds. We shouldn’t ruin ourselves by burying ourselves into playing computer games.
IV,
Thanks to the Hope project, great changes have taken place in a country school.
This school used to be called Lijiazhuang School. Most of its pupils left school because their families were too poor to pay for their education. The only unsafe schoolhouse had to be used as classrooms. And all the teachers shared one room. The playground was nothing but an open land.
Things are different now. All the children who left school have come to continue their studies. In the schoolyard stands a two-storeyed teaching building. There are rooms for music, art and computer teaching. The school is well equipped with sports goods.
The Project benefits the school a great deal. For this reason, it was renamed Hope School.
翻譯技巧
一、對原句進行準確拆分
語法體系不完善的同學應該牢記并不斷用真題鞏固原句拆分，能夠快速、準確定位連詞、引導詞、介詞、分詞、單詞to和重要意群標點符號以在最短時間內完成長句意群解拆并明確句子主干。理清句子結構層次至關重要：在翻譯句子之前，先通讀全句，注意一邊讀一邊拆分句子的語法結構。
二、高頻率復現詞的詞義選擇
考試試題中，重點詞匯和重點詞組都有重復出現現象，這使得詞匯和常用詞組在翻譯過程當中得分點更加集中，但相應的是風險更大，如果核心單詞掌握出現漏洞，可能出現在一篇文章中同一個知識點反復丟分的現象。考試前熟練把握詞綴分析、上下文提示、中文習慣搭配、同近詞義替換四大選詞原則，并能夠在遇到生詞時能夠多元化思維綜合應用上述技巧。在試卷中，大部分的翻譯錯誤都是起因于理解錯誤，翻譯出來的意思與是原文相悖，甚至大相徑庭，造成嚴重的扣分現象，甚至是零分。
三、語句的整體翻譯，踩準得分點
翻譯中最主要的依然是定語和定語從句，以及定語從句中限語從句和非限制性定語從句的位置處理、分詞和介詞短語作后置定語的翻譯、狀語的翻譯定位和順序、名詞性從句(主、賓、表)的翻譯為重中之重！在閱讀部分對于長、難句多加注意并嘗試在中文語境內根據翻譯技巧理論嘗試翻譯，并反復修改以鍛煉流暢構建中文長難句的能力。被動語態和虛擬語氣的翻譯是關鍵得分點。同時，能夠正確處理否定結構、并列結構的譯文句式選擇。
四、對句子進行修飾潤色
將直譯過來的句子再加工，選用的詞匯要準確，句子結構要符合我們的表達習慣。在準確理解英語句子的含義后，用一些修飾性的詞匯進行潤色。由于語法以及表達方式上的差異，所以在翻譯的時候必須做相應的調整和改變，使我們的讀者閱讀譯文時感到自然流暢。
1)忠實
是指忠實于原文所要傳遞的信息，也就是說，把原文的信息完整而準確地表達出來，使譯文讀者得到的信息與原文讀者得到的信息大致相同。
例1：He had words with her.
[誤]：他和她談過話了。
[正]：他和她吵架了。
[注釋]：have a word with sb.與某人談話，而have words with sb.與某人吵架。
例2：We shall not want for food.
[誤]：我們不想什么食品。
[正]：我們不會缺乏食品。
[注釋]：want vt.想要，想得到；want for缺乏。
2)通順
是指譯文規范、明白易懂，沒有文理不通、結構混亂、邏輯不清的現象。
例1?Historically, city life has always been among the elements which form a civilization.
[原譯]：歷史上看，城市生活一直是構成文明的方面之列。
[改譯]：從歷史上看，城市生活始終是文明的一個組成部分。
例2. Supporters of the "nature" theory insist that we are born with a certain capacity for learning that is biologically determined.
[原譯]："天性"論的支持者堅持，我們出生時帶有某種學習能力，這種學習能力從生物學上講已是被確定了的。
[改譯]：支持"天性"論的人堅持說，我們生來就具有一定的學習能力，這是由生物因素決定的。
3)忠實與通順的關系：忠實是通順的基礎，通順是忠實的保證。不忠實于原文而片面追求譯文的通順，則譯文就失去自身的價值，成為無源之水，無本之木，也就不成其譯文了。但是，不通順的譯文，使讀者感到別扭，也必然影響對原文的準確表達，因而也就談不上忠實了。可見，忠實與通順是對立的統一，兩者的關系反映了內容與形式的一致性。所以，我們說，忠實是譯文質量的基礎，而通順則是譯文質量的保證。
在研究生英語入學考試閱卷時，我們發現，有的譯文與原文意思相悖，也有的譯文文理不通，影響了對原文意思的準確表達。
例1?The target is wrong, for in attacking the tests, critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill?informed or incompetent users.
[原譯]：這個目標是錯誤的，因為批評家們轉移了視線，把錯誤歸于信息不通或技術不佳的使用者。
[改譯]：把標準化考試作為抨擊目標是錯誤的，因為在抨擊這類測試時，批評者不考慮其弊病來自使用者對測試不甚了解或使用不當。
例2?For example, they don't compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favourable circumstances.
[原譯]：例如，它們不能彌補整個社會的不平等現象，因此也不能說明如在更合適的情況下，生活條件不利的年輕人怎樣才能成長。
[改譯]：例如，測試并不彌補明顯的社會不公；因此，它們不能說明一個物質條件差的年輕人，如果在較好的環境下成長的話，會有多大才干。
漢譯英翻譯(2)
漢譯英短文翻譯
1.近年來，中國城市化進人加速階段，取得了極大的成就，同時也出現了種種錯綜復雜的問題。今天的城鄉建設速度之快、規模之大、耗資之巨、涉及面之廣、尺度之大等已遠非生產力低下時期所能及，建筑已成為一種重大的經濟活動。（102字）
難點注釋：
1）城市化urbanization
2）加速階段an accelerating phase
3）錯綜復雜的問題some complicated problems
4）遠非?一所能及surpass
5）重大的經濟活動a major economic pursuit
2.世界各地有3,600萬人染上了艾滋病—這比整個澳大利亞的人口還多。目前，艾滋病是全球第4大死因，而在非洲則是頭號罪魁。在非洲，艾滋病使工人喪失工作，使家庭喪失經濟來源，使父母喪失孩子。在7個非洲國家中，巧歲至49歲的人口中艾滋病病毒感染者占到20％以上。（119字）
難點注釋：
1）染上艾滋病suffer from AIDS
2）頭號罪魁the chief culprit
3）使……喪失deprive of
4）艾滋病病毒感染者people infected with HIV
3.當今中國，對傳真機的使用已十分普及，并成為現代重要的通訊終端設備。據一項調查顯示，2002年，中國市場對傳真機的需求量約為200萬臺，國內產量僅滿足了約30%的需求，進口機占據市場的主導地位。（89字）
難點注釋：
1）傳真機fax machines
2）通訊終端設備telecommunications terminal equipment
3）占主導地位dominate
4. 2000年，美國數碼相機的銷量達到驚人的510萬臺，而1999年只有310萬臺。數碼相機的流行其原因非常簡單：成像質量好且花費少。此外，使用數碼相機還能省去不少麻煩。你不用買膠卷，所有的照片都被存在可反復使用的存儲卡上。一按快門，就可以馬上在液晶顯示屏上觀察照片的效果。（124字）
難點注釋：
1）數碼相機digital camera
2）可反復使用的存儲卡reusable memo叮cards
3）按快門press the shutter
4）液晶顯示屏the LCD screen
5.由于歷史、政治和經濟上的原因，全世界講英語、用英語的人為數最多。但是英語之所以能在全球流行，除了上述原因之外，也和英語自身的一些特性和特點不無相關。其中最重要的一點就是英語特別容易接受和適應—英語中的詞匯吸收了全世界幾乎所有主要語言的材料。（113字）
難點注釋：
1）流行popularity
2)自身特性和特點qualities and characteristics in itself
3）不無相關have to do with
4）容易接受和適應receptive and adaptable
5）吸收take into
6.多年來，家長和老師都曾得到過這樣一種信息：盡量利用任何機會表揚孩子，對他們所干的任何事情都要說好—據說這樣做有助于提高孩子的自尊。但是近年來許多教育家和兒童心理學家正在得出一種完全相反的結論，他們認為對孩子往往少一些贊揚為好。（113字）
難點注釋：
1）得到信息get the message
2）盡量利用任何at almost any opportunity
3）自尊self-esteem
4）兒童心理學家child psychologist
5）得出完全相反的結論drawing a completely different conclusion
7.會議期間，有3個問題受到了特別重視，它們是：加強和鞏固農業在國民經濟中的地位和作用，提高農民收人；調整和改進產業結構，改進和加快區域性經濟發展；努力工作，加快下崗工人就業和再就業步伐，改善社會保障制度。（100字）
難點注釋：
1）受到特別重視be highlighted for special attention
2）加強和鞏固consolidate and strengthen
3）調整和改進readjust and optimize
4）區域性經濟regional economies
5）下崗工人laid-off workers
8.當今世界的競爭是人才的競爭。因此，黨中央決定從海外我們的留學生中，從香港、澳門、臺灣吸收和利用人才來加強我們在世界上的競爭能力。引進這些人才的重點是那些開放程度越來越大、競爭越來越激烈的部門，比如說銀行、保險等行業，以及國有大型企業的管理層。（120字）難點注釋：
1）人才talented professionals.
2）海外留學生overseas students
3）吸收和利用人才absorb and make use of
4）引進人才introduce talented people from outside
5）銀行、保險業banking，insurance industry
6）國有大型企業large state-owned enterprise
9.我們中國是世界上最大的國家之一，它的領土和整個歐洲的面積差不多相等。在這個廣大的領土之上，有廣大的肥田沃地給我們以衣食之源；有縱橫全國的大小山脈，生長了廣大的森林，貯藏了豐富的礦產；有很多的江河湖澤，給我們以舟揖和灌溉之利；有很長的海岸線，給我們以交通海外各民族的方便。（136字）
難點注釋：
1）廣大的肥田沃地large areas of fertile land
2)給我們以衣食之源provide us with food and clothing
3）縱橫全國的大小山脈mountain ranges across its len妙and breadth
4）廣大的森林，豐富的礦產with extensive forests and rich mineral deposits
5）給我們以舟揖和灌溉之利provide us with water transport and irrigation
6）交通海外各民族的方便facilitate communication with nations beyond the seas
10.溫哥華的輝煌是溫哥華人的智慧和勤奮的結晶，其中包括多民族團體所作的貢獻。加拿大地廣人稀，國土面積比中國還大，人口卻不足3000萬。溫哥華則是加拿大最大的多民族城市。現今的180萬溫哥華居民中，有一半不是本地出生的，而平均每4個居民中就有一個是亞洲人。（120字）
難點注釋：
1）溫哥華Vancouver
2）多民族團體multi-ethnic groups
3）智慧和勤奮的結晶a crystallization of the wisdom and diligence，此處可根據上下文進行轉換調整：the prosperity is attributed to the wisdom and diligence of the people
4）地廣人稀a vast，under-populated country
5）不是本地出生的not born locally
11.人體是由各種類型的細胞構成的，這些細胞多達50萬億，它們之間相互聯系，相互依賴。如果喪失其中的某些細胞，比如說失去構成整條腿的細胞，將會嚴重影響其余所有肌體組織；而像心臟或腎臟之類的器官，哪怕相對較少的細胞受到嚴重損害，也可能會最終導致所有50萬億細胞的死亡。（128字）
難點注釋：
1）萬億trillion
2）相互聯系，相互依賴interrelated and interdependent
3）影響其余的所有肌體組織handic即all the rest of the organism
4）最終導致end by...，lead to...
l2.不同的篇章、體裁在直譯與意譯的趨向程度上往往有所不同。一般來說，文獻類和新聞報道的翻譯多采用直譯，因為翻譯這類文獻關鍵在于譯文的準確性；而對詩歌散文、戲劇電影、小說傳記等以情動人的作品，翻譯時應多采用意譯，以充分再現原文的意境情趣。（115字）
難點注釋：
1）直譯與意譯literal translation and free translation
2）不同程度地to some extent
3）多采用be preferable to（something）
4）文獻literatures，documents
5）關鍵在于the crux lies in
6）以情動人的作品emotional works
7）原文的意境情趣the right mood and flavor of the original works
13.從20世紀中葉到21世紀中葉的一百年間，中國人民的一切奮斗，則是為了實現祖國的富強、人民的富裕和民族的偉大復興。這個歷史偉業，我們黨領導全國人民已經奮斗了五十年，取得了巨大的進展，再經過五十年的奮斗，也必將勝利完成。（105字）
難點注釋：
1）20世紀中葉the mid-20th century
2）奮斗endeavor
3）民族的偉大復興the nation immensely rejuvenated
4）歷史偉業historic cause
14.中國的體育運動經歷了幾千年的發展，但直到1949年中華人民共和國成立后才成為國家的事業。目前，一個全國范圍的體育運動網已經建立起來，這方面的開支也被列人國家預算之中。在過去的五十年中，由于體育工作者和體育運動員的共同努力，我國的體育運動取得了可喜的成績。（123字）
難點注釋：
1）經歷undergo
2）國家的事業an undertaking of the state
3）體育運動網network for physical culture
4）列人國家預算 include in the state budget
5）可喜的成績gratifying achievement
15.展望新世紀初的國內外形勢，未來五到十年，是我國經濟和社會發展極為重要的時期。世界新科技革命迅猛發展，經濟全球化趨勢增強，許多周邊國家正在加快發展。所有這些既對我們提出了嚴峻挑戰，也為我們提供了迎頭趕上、實現跨越式發展的歷史性機遇。（127字）
難點注釋：
1）極為重要的時期an extremely important period
2）全球化趨勢the economic globalization trend
3）周邊國家neighboring countries
4）嚴峻挑戰severe challenge
5）跨越式發展development by leaps and bounds
16.森林給人提供木材，還能調節氣候、保持水土、防風固沙、改善水質、防煙防塵、消毒殺菌、減少噪聲、美化環境、維持及改善生態平衡。如果沒有綠色植物不斷制造氧氣和吸收有害的氣體，人類就無法生存。人們的健康與空氣的優劣有關，而空氣的優劣又與森林的多少有關。（122字）
難點注釋：
1）調節氣候regulate climate
2）保持水土conserve water and soil
3）防風固沙wall off wind，fix sands
4）消毒殺菌sterilize（purify）the air
5）生態平衡ecological balance
17.許多樹木都能吸收空氣中的有害物質和致癌物質。林區空氣中的細菌數量只有無林區的百分之一，而百貨商店內每立方米空氣中則含有四百多萬個細菌。綠化區可以使噪音減弱四分之一左右。森林上空和附近的空氣的含水量比無林地區多百分之十至二十。（112字）
難點注釋：
1）致癌物質cancer-causing substances
2）每立方米per cubic meter
3）含水量moisture content
18.到2020年，全世界癌癥的發病率有可能增加50個百分點，每年可能將出現1500萬新病例。世界健康組織全球癌癥報告指出，如果不采取積極的預防措施，這樣的趨勢將無法避免。因為這是從已經形成的生活習慣—例如抽煙—滋生出來的。（101字）
難點注釋：
1）癌癥的發病率cancer rate
2）世界健康組織The World Health Organization
3）無法避免inevitable
19.生物學家發現，每年有10萬多只信天翁被漁船殺死。如果不采取緊急措施，幾十年之后，大部分的信天翁種類都會滅絕。信天翁有極強的耐力和航海能力，能夠繞地球飛行幾圈而不著陸。它們一生的行程約有一千多萬英里，相當于往返地球與月球之間50次。（112字）
難點注釋：
1）信天翁albatross
2）緊急措施urgent action
3）滅絕extinguish，be wiped out
4）耐力endurance
20.據研究人員統計，接下來的幾十年，歐洲人口將持續減少。目前歐盟國家的婦女平均生1.5個孩子，而為了保持人口替代率，每個婦女至少要生兩個孩子。即便從現在開始婦女增加生育數量，人口減少的趨勢仍將持續幾十年，因為他們的下一代中愿意成為父母的人比這一代的要少。（122字）
難點注釋：
1）持續減少continue to decline
2）替代率replacement rate
3）人口減少的趨勢the tendency to population decline
答案
1 In recent years，urbanization in China has stepped into an accelerating phase. Amidst magnificent achievements，there have emerged some complicated problems. The crux is that the cities and the countryside are developing at such a rapid rate，on such a large scale，with such enormous capital，in such a vast extent that they have surpassed any historical period China has ever witnessed before. Virtually，building construction has today become a major economic pursuit in China.
2 Throughout the world 36 million people are suffering from AIDS，which is more than the whole population of Australia. At present，AIDS is the fourth leading cause of death in the whole world，and the chief culprit in Africa. In Africa，it deprives jobs of the workers，families of incomings and children of their parents. In seven African countries，more than 20 percent of the 15-to-49-year-old population is infected with HIV.
3 In today"s China，fax machines have been widely used as a popular and important modern telecommunications terminal equipment. According to a study，in 2002，China needed about 2 million fax machines，but the country only satisfied about 30% of the demand with the market dominated by the imported ones.
4 Digital cameras sold an astonishing 5．1 million throughout the US in 2000，up from 3．1 million in 1999. These cameras are getting popular for a good and simple reason：they take better pictures for less money. Digital cameras have always offered convenience. You don"t have to buy films because all your images are saved on reusable memory cards. Press the shutter and you can review your shot immediately on the LCD screen.
5 The English language is spoken or read by the largest number of people in the world for historical，political，and economic reasons. But it may also be true that the popularity of English language has much to do with some qualities and characteristics in itself. First and most important is its extraordinarily receptivity and adaptability-it has taken materials into its own vocabulary from almost all major languages in the world.
6 For years，parents and teachers got the message that children should be praised at almost any opportunity，that saying“good job”for everything they do，as they believe，helps raise their self-esteem. But many educators and child psychologists are drawing a completely different conclusion：less praise is often better for their children.
7 During the meeting，three aspects have been highlighted for special attention over next. They are：consolidate and strengthen the fundamental role of agriculture in the national economy and increase farmers" income；readjust and optimize the industrial structure for the promotion of coordinated development of regional economies；work hard to boost employment and the reemployment of laid-off workers，and improve the social security network．
8 In today"s world，competition among states is mainly a competition among talented professionals. Therefore，it is a decision adopted by the CPC Central Committee to fully absorb and make use of the talented people among our overseas students and among the professionals in Hong Kong，Macao and Taiwan. This will help us strengthen our competitive edge. The departments that would introduce talented people from outside are those that are exposed to increasingly fierce competition and that are open wider to the outsider world，such as banking，insurance industry，large state-owned enterprises，etc.
9 China is one of the largest countries in the world，her territory being about the size of the whole of Europe. In the vast country of ours there are large areas of fertile land which provide us with food and clothing，mountain ranges across its length and breadth with extensive forests and rich mineral deposits，many rivers and lakes which provide us with water transport and irrigation，and a long coastline which facilitates communication with nations beyond the seas.
10 Vancouver"s prosperity is attributed to the wisdom and diligence of the people living in Vancouver，including the contribution made by multi-ethnic groups. Canada is a vast，under-populated country with a land area larger than that of China and a population of less than 30 million and Vancouver is the largest multi-ethnic city in the country. Among its 1．8 million residents，half were not born locally and there is on an average one Asian out of four residents.
11 A man body is composed of 50 trillion cells of a variety of types，all interrelated and interdependent. Loss of some of those cells，such as those making up an entire leg，will seriously handicap all the rest of the organism，and serious damage to a relatively few cells in an organ，such as the heart or kidneys，may end by killing all 50 trillion.
12 Different discourses or styles tend to focus on different stresses so，to some extent，need different translating ways. Generally speaking，literal translation is preferable to free translation in translating literatures，for the crux of these literatures lies in accuracy. On the other hand，free translation is more suitable than literal translation in translating some emotional works such as poetry，prose，drama，film，novels，autobiography，etc．，so as to reproduce the right mood and flavor of the original works.
13 All endeavors by the Chinese people for the 100 years from the mid-20th to the mid-21st century are for the purpose of making our motherland strong，the people prosperous and the nation immensely rejuvenated. Our Party has led the entire Chinese people in carrying forward this historic cause for 50 years and made tremendous progress，and it will successfully attain the objective through hard work in the coming 50 years.
14 China"s sports have undergone several thousand years of development. But they were not regarded as an undertaking of the state until 1949，when the People"s Republic of China was founded. Now a nation-wide network for physical culture has been set up and expenditure on this field has been included in the state budget. With the concerted efforts of sports workers and athletes，gratifying achievements have been made in physical culture and sports in the past 50 years.
15 Looking ahead at the situation at home and abroad at the beginning of the 21st century，it can be said that the next five to ten years will be an extremely important period for China"s economic and social development. The worldwide new scientific and technological revolution is progressing rapidly with great momentum. The economic globalization trend is gaining strength. Many neighboring countries are accelerating their development. All this serves as a severe challenge as well as a historic opportunity for us to strive to catch up and achieve development by leaps and bounds.
16 Apart from providing people with timber，forests help regulate climate，conserve water and soil，wall off wind，fix sands，improve water quality，keep away smoke and dust，sterilize（purify）the air，reduce noise，beautify surroundings，maintain and improve ecological balance. Man would not be able to exist without green plants producing oxygen and absorbing harmful gases all the time. Man"s health is closely related to the quality of the air，which in turn is decided by the size（extent）of forests.
17 Many kinds of trees can absorb poisonous and cancer-causing substances in the air. The amount of bacteria in a forest area makes up but 1％of that in a deforested area，while the air in a department store contains more than 4 million bacteria per cubic meter. A tree-covered area may reduce noise by a quarter. Moisture content in the air above or around a forest is 10%-20% more than that of the places devoid of forest.
18 Cancer rates worldwide could increase by 50 percent by 2020，reaching 15 million new cases a year. The World Health Organization"s World Cancer Report says that if no preventive measures are taken increases of this order are inevitable because they stem from habits-such as smoking-that are already established.
19 Biologists have discovered that fishing fleets are eliminating more than 100, 000 albatrosses every year. In a couple of decades most species will be wiped out unless urgent action is taken. Albatrosses are capable of astonishing feats of endurance and navigation，and can fly round the world several times without stopping on land. During their lives，they fly more than 10 million miles，the equivalent of 50 return trips to the moon.
20 According to researchers" estimate，Europe"s population will continue to decline for decades. At present 1 ．5 babies are born for every European Union woman，when two births are required for the population“replacement rate”to be maintained. Even if women started to have more children again，the tendency to population decline would continue for decades，as there will be fewer parents in the next generation than in this one.
漢譯英翻譯(3)
Unit 1
1. 我們應該學會處理我們生活中遇到的問題。(deal with)
2. 我明白了實現目標意味著勇于面對挑戰。(means)
3. 5歲孩童中只有百分之四十能享受學前教育。(have access to)
4. 他說他不愿意以犧牲他的業余時間為代價接受這份工作。(at the cost of)
5. 樓上收音機的聲音妨礙了我的工作。(interfere with)
6. 鐘每隔20分鐘敲響一次，因此現在應該是11點20分。 (at … intervals)
7. 這本書獲得了好評，但是從實際銷售情況來看，它并不太成功。(in terms of )
8. 很明顯，事情的發展讓我大失所望。(turn out)
Unit 1
1. We should learn to deal with the problems that we meet in our life.
2. I have understood that realizing the goal means facing challenge bravely.
3. Only 40% of 5-year-old children have access to pre-school education.
4. He said that he would not like to accept this job at the cost of his spare time.
5. The sound of the radio upstairs interfered with my work.
6. The bell rings at 20-minute intervals, which means it is 11:20 now.
7. The book has been well reviewed, but in terms of actual sales it hasn’t been very successful.
8. Obviously, I’m disappointed at the way things have turned out.
Unit 2
1. 在我了解所有的事實之后，我就能給你提出建議了。(be in a position to do)
2. 我們輪流值夜班，這樣就不會有人總是夜班了。(rotate, shift)
3. 她又一次第一個想出了增加銷售量的新主意。 (come up with, boost)
4. 在父親的幫助下，她十幾歲時就在電影界取得了成功。(make it)
5. 一有人走進屋子，孩子們就開始炫耀起來了。(show off)
6. 即使你與她意見相左，她的話也值得聽一聽，畢竟她很有經驗。(even though)
7. 我們想鼓勵學生參與學院的管理工作。(participate in)
8. 他已獲準恢復自由，條件是他離開這個國家。 (grant)
Unit 2
1. When I know all the facts, I’ll be in a position to advise you.
2. We rotate the night shift so that no one has to do it all the time.
3. Once again, she became the first to come up with a new idea for boosting sales.
4. With her father’s help, she made it in films when she was still a teenager.
5. The children start showing off as soon as anyone comes into the house.
6. Even though you do not agree with her, she’s worth listening to. After all, she is very experienced.
7. We want to encourage the students to participate fully in the running of the college.
8. He has been granted his freedom on condition that he leaves the country.
Unit 3
1. 起火時，辦公室人員驚慌逃出。(flee in panic)
2. 我看見這小男孩溜進廚房，偷了一條面包。(slip, make off with)
3. 最終，這位法官允許布朗夫婦收養這個無家的孤兒。(eventually, adopt)
4. 眾所周知，如瑜珈等放松的方法能緩解壓力對身體造成的不良反應。(ease, stress)
5. 所有的乘客都從一輛巴士轉到另一輛巴士。(transfer)
6. 雖然我們遭受了嚴重的自然災害，但我們一定能克服一切困難。(suffer from)
7. 人們擔心那些老兵可能熬不過冬天。 (veteran, survive)
8. 當馬克想起那起事故時，仍感到惱火。(upset)
Unit 3
9. Office workers fled in panic as the fire broke out.
10. I saw the little boy slip into the kitchen and make off with a loaf of bread.
11. Eventually, the judge permitted the Browns to adopt the homeless orphan.
12. As is known to all, relaxation techniques like yoga can ease the harmful effect of stress on the body.
13. All passengers were transferred out of one bus and into another.
14. Though we suffered from serious natural disasters, we are sure to overcome all difficulties.
15. There are concerns that those veterans may not survive the winter.
16. It still upsets Mark when he thinks about the accident.
Unit 4
1. 小偷看見遠處的警察轉身就逃。(turn on one’s heel)
2. 這是你出的主意，所以要是出什么差錯的話，我將惟你是問。 (responsible)
3. 一些人認為，對大多數的男人來說，愛情只不過是他們人生的一個插曲。(episode)
4. 我討厭他這種逆來順受的懦弱性格。(turn the other cheek)
5. 艾麗絲太粗魯無禮了，你該教訓她一下了。(put sb. in his / her place)
6. 他在一次宴會上堵住了我，非要和我大談他那艱難的童年，無聊得我要死。(corner)
7. 當他有這種古怪情緒時，我怎么也不能讓他理解我的意思。 (get to sb.)
8. 你怎么能不顧一切反對意見而一意孤行呢？(cling to)
Unit 4
9. The thief turned on his heel and ran when he saw the police in the distance.
10. 2. It was your idea, so if anything goes wrong I shall hold you personally responsible.
11. 3. Some think that for the majority of men, love is but an episode in his life.
12. 4. I hate to see his weak personality that makes him simply turn the other cheek.
13. 5. Alice is too rude; it’s time you put her in her place.
14. 6. He once cornered me at a party and bored me to death about his difficult childhood.
15. 7. When he’s in this strange mood, I just can’t get to him.
16. 8. How could you set aside all the objections and cling to your own course?
Unit 5
1. 縮小貧富差距是政府面臨的主要難題之一。(challenge)
2. 他還拿不定主意，但我相信我們最終肯定能把他說服。(win over)
3. 他幫助了我，并希望我能為他做點兒事作為報答。(in return)
4. 你或者不讓孩子靠近藥箱，或者把藥箱放在孩子拿不到的地方。(keep away from)
5. 所有的行李都在機場受到檢查，以確定其中沒有危險物品。(screen)
6. 多年來，這個部門建立了一個知識的寶庫。(build up, reservoir)
7. 我想要一杯咖啡，還有一杯水。(as well)
8. 他非常絕望，因而威脅說要結束自己的生命。（so … that, put an end to）
Unit 5
Reducing the gap between rich and poor is one of the main challenges facing the government.
2. He hasn’t made up his mind, but I’m sure we’ll win him over in the end.
3. He helped me, and in return hoped that I could do something for him.
4. You should either keep your child away from the medicine box, or keep the box away from them.
5. All luggage is screened at the airport to make sure it contains nothing dangerous.
6. The department has built up a reservoir of knowledge for many years.
7. I’d like a cup of coffee, and a glass of water as well.
8. He was so desperate that he threatened to put an end to his life.
Unit 7
1. 在我看來，取得成功的最佳途徑是努力工作。(get ahead)
2. 讓我們感到失望的是, 我們所有的建議都遭到拒絕，不管它們的價值如何。(regardless of)
3. 我感到他做錯了什么事，可我又沒有根據。(base … on)
4. 我跟你說話的時候，你要留心聽! 不然你會漏掉一些重要信息。(pay attention)
5. 一些人已經注意到生活方式的任何改變都將影響一個人的健康。(have an effect on)
6. 這兩個政黨從選舉以來就一直彼此沖突。(in conflict with)
7. 護士在照顧病人時，要盡很多責任。(fulfill)
8. 我們不想聽你的想法，只講事實！(stick to)
Unit 7
1. In my opinion, the best way to get ahead is through hard work.
2. To our disappointment, all our proposals were rejected regardless of their merits.
3. I feel he was doing something wrong, but I have got nothing to base it on.
4. Pay attention when I’m talking to you, otherwise you’ll miss some important information.
5. Some people have noticed that any change in lifestyle will have an effect on one’s health.
6. The two parties have been in conflict with each other since the election.
7. A nurse has many duties to fulfill in caring for the sick.
8. We do not want to hear your opinions; stick to the facts!
Book 1
Unit 1
1. 我已經戒掉睡前吸煙的壞習慣，再也不用聽妻子不斷地發牢騷了。(give up)
2. 與其他同齡人不同的是，他迷戀京劇。(set apart from; be addicted to)
3. 她對他用情至深，愿意克服任何障礙與他結婚。(so that; obstacle)
4. 只是在考試成績出來之后，我才意識到必須更加刻苦才能不落后。(only; keep up with)
5. 作為主要談判人，她在打破雙方之間的障礙上創造了奇跡。(miracle)
6. 您無需擔心，男士是不允許進入這個房間的。(need; allow sb. to do sth.)
7. 如果要我在上大學還是去工作兩者間選擇，我會選擇前者而非后者。(instead of)
8． 盡管說明書上說“一次吃一片”，他還是一下子吃了三片。(in spite of; at a time)
Book 1
Unit 1
1. Having given up the bad habit of smoking before bedtime, I no longer have to hear my wife complaining all the time.
2. What sets him apart from other people of his age is that he is addicted to Beijing Opera.
3. She is so much in love with him that she’s ready to overcome any obstacle to marry him.
4. Only after the result of the exam came out did I realize I would have to work harder to keep up with the others.
5. As chief negotiator she has performed miracles in breaking down barriers between the two sides.
6. You don’t need to worry. Men are not allowed to get into this room.
7. If I had to make a choice between going to college and finding a job, I would choose the former instead of the latter.
8. In spite of the instruction of taking one pill at a time, he took three all at once.
漢譯英翻譯(4)
廣場舞是社區中老年居民以健身、社交等為目的在廣場、公園等開敞的地方進行的健身操或舞蹈，通常以高分貝的音樂伴奏。廣場舞在中國大陸無論南北皆十分普遍。對于廣場舞的確切認識，社會學界及體育界目前均未達成共識。廣場舞的高分貝音樂常常造成噪音滋擾，因此許多居民反對在小區中跳廣場舞。
The square dancing is a bodybuilding exercise or dance performed in wide and open places such as squares and parks among the middle-aged and old residents in communities, with the purpose of bodybuilding, socializing and so on, generally accompanied with high-pitched music. The square dancing is very popular all over mainland China, whether in the north or in the south. Neither the sociological circle nor the sports circle has currently reached a consensus on the exact perception of the square dancing. The high-pitched music of the square dancing often causes noisy disruption, and therefore many residents are opposed to the square dancing in communities.
故宮，又稱紫禁城，是明、清兩代的皇宮，二十四位皇帝在此生活起居和處理政務。它是世界現存最大、最完整的木質結構的古建筑群(architectural complex)。宮殿墻壁的色調以紅色和黃色為主,紅色代表快樂、好運和財富，而黃色代表帝王的神圣和尊貴。近十幾年來，故宮平均每年接待中外游客600-800萬人次，隨著旅游業的繁榮，游客人數有增無減，可見人們對故宮的興趣長盛不衰。
The Imperial Palace, also known as the Forbidden City, was the palace in Ming and Qing Dynasties where 24 emperors lived and handled government affairs. It is the largest and most complete existing ancient wooden architectural complex in the world. The palace wall was painted mainly in red and yellow. Red represents happiness, luck and fortune while yellow symbolizes imperial holiness and dignity. In recent decades, the Imperial Palace is visited annually by six to eight million tourists at home and abroad. Moreover, with flourishing tourism industry, the number of tourists keeps increasing. It shows people’s everlasting and unfading interest in the Imperial Palace.
《新聞聯播》是中國中央電視臺（CCTV）每日播出的一個新聞節目。節目每次播出時長一般為30分鐘。它被中國大陸大多數地方頻道同時轉播，這使得它成為世界上收看人數最多的節目之一。自從1978年1月1日首次播出以來，它就以客觀、生動、豐富的紀實手段記錄著中華大地每一天的變化。作為中國官方新聞資訊類節目，《新聞聯播》以沉穩、莊重的風格著稱。
Xinwen Lianbo is a news program broadcast by China Central Television (CCTV) every day. It generally takes 30 minutes every time to broadcast the program. It is relayed simultaneously by most local television channels in the mainland of China, which makes it one of the world’s most-watched programs. Since it was first broadcast on January 1st, 1978, it has been recording the changes of every day throughout China by documentary means that is objective, vivid and rich. As the Chinese official news information program, Xinwen Lianbo is well-known for its steady and serious style.
倡導低碳生活，提升公民節能減排意識是應對全球變暖的重要措施。低碳生活并非什么難事，只要人人都樹立綠色環保意識，堅持從我做起、從身邊小事做起，那么久一定能促成共享低碳生活。共享低碳生活，要讓綠色環保理念深入人心。要把綠色環保活動融入工作生活的方方面面，要有針對性地開展低碳生活的知識培訓；要積極倡導志愿者活動，全面宣傳節能減排、環境保護等方面的知識，提高全社會的低碳環保意識。
Advocating low-carbon lifestyle and promoting citizens" consciousness of energy conservation and emissions reduction are important measures against global warming. Leading a low-carbon life is not difficult. Only if everyone establishes the consciousness of green environment protection and keeps starting from ourselves to pay attention to everything around us can we make low-carbon life available to all. To achieve that, we should make the ideas of green environmental protection popular. We should integrate green environmental protection activities into every aspect of work and life; we should carry out the targeted knowledge training of low-carbon lifestyle; we should actively advocate volunteer activities, comprehensively publicize the knowledge of energy conservation and emissions reduction, environmental protection so as to improve the low-carbon consciousness environmental protection of the whole society.
中國教育工作者早就認識到讀書對于國家的重要意義。有些教育工作者2003年就建議設立全民讀書日。他們強調，人們應當讀好書，尤其是經典著作。通過閱讀，人們能更好地學會感恩、有責任心和與人合作，而教育的目的正是要培養這些基本素質。閱讀對于中小學生尤為重要，假如他們沒有在這個關鍵時期培養閱讀的興趣，以后要養成閱讀的習慣就很難了。
Chinese educators have long realized the importance of reading for the country. As early as 2003, some educators proposed to set up a National Book and Copyright Day. They emphasized that people should read good books, especially the classics. Through reading, people can better learn to be grateful, responsible and cooperative. And these essential qualities are just what education wants to cultivate. Reading is particularly important for middle school students, if they do not develop an interest in reading during this critical period, it will be difficult for them to get into the habit of reading in the future。
中國家庭一向尊老愛幼。在大家庭里（extended family），老一輩人的意見受到尊重，小一輩的人得到全家的愛護。而隨著改革開放和經濟的發展，人口眾多的大家庭開始分解，出現了越來越多的核心家庭(nuclear family)。在城市里，不和家里老人一起住的年輕夫婦給老人生活費，并常去探望，幫他們干些家務活。在農村，盡管相當多的大家庭已經解體了，許多結了婚的兒子和他的家人還是和父母住在同一個院子里，這樣父母、子女可以互相幫助。
參考譯文：
In the Chinese family, the old is usually respected and the young is loved. In an extended family, the opinions of old people are respected and the youngest members are taken good care of by all family members. With the reform and opening up and economic development, large extended families began to divide into more and more nuclear families. In cities, young couples who do not live together with their aged parents give their parents living expenses and often visit them and help them do some household chores. In the countryside, although many extended families have broken up, many married sons and their families continue to live in the same courtyard with their parents, which makes it convenient for both parents and children to help each other.
漢譯英翻譯(5)
在從前的農業社會里，中國人最重要的節日就是過年。對過去的一年來說，這是結束；對未來的一年來說，這是開始。一進入臘月，街頭巷尾就充滿了過年的氣氛，這種氣氛要持續一個半月之久。大家通過各種游樂節目來調劑一年來的辛勞，在游樂中流露著一種樂觀進取的精神。過年時，每家門上都貼上了春聯，耀眼的紅紙給人們帶來了喜氣，優美的字句提供了勉勵。
In previous/former agricultural society, the Spring Festival was the most important holiday in China. It is the end of the past year and the beginning of the next. As soon as the twelfth month of the lunar year begins, streets are filled with an atmosphere of celebrating the Spring Festival for a month and a half. People relax and get rid of the past year’s hard work by a variety of entertainment with a sense of optimism and enterprise. During the holiday, Spring Festival couplets are put on the door of every household. The shining red paper brings happiness to people, and the elegant/graceful words offers encouragement. ?
上海是一座朝氣蓬勃、充滿活力、多姿多彩的國際化大都市。改革開放以來，上海變化之大令世人矚目。經濟高速發展、社會秩序穩定、人們安居樂業，呈現出一片繁華景象。今天，盡管上海色彩斑斕的過去還值得留戀和回味，但城市日新月異的面貌卻使越來越多的人折服。浦西展示了上海的輝煌歲月，浦東則展現了上海的美好前景。上海就像一輪紅日，光芒四射，鮮艷奪目。
Shanghai is a dynamic, vigorous and diversified international metropolis. Since the reform and opening-up to the outside world, Shanghai has witnessed tremendous changes that attract worldwide attention. With rapid economic development, stable social order as well as peaceful and contented life and work of its people, Shanghai presents a scene of great prosperity. Today, though Shanghai’s glorious past is still worth remembering and savoring, its ever-changing image has filled more and more people with admiration. Puxi represents Shanghai’s splendid past, while Pudong unfolds its bright future. Like a rising sun, Shanghai is shining strikingly with great brilliance.
古時候的讀書人，閑暇時間以琴棋書畫自娛自樂。在中國人看來，藝術品的好壞反映了作者人格的高低。因此，彈琴、下棋、書法和繪畫，都代表了一個人的修養。彈琴不是要做音樂家，而是進入一個遼闊的世界，凈化自己的心靈。下棋不是為了勝負，而是磨練耐性，使人目光眼大。書法不僅要把字寫得漂亮，也是為了陶冶情操。繪畫則是通過簡單的線條，展現自己想象的世界。
In ancient times, scholars enjoyed themselves by music, chess, calligraphy and painting at their leisure/in their spare time. In the eyes of Chinese people, the quality of artwork is a reflection of the character of its creator. Therefore, playing music, playing chess, practicing calligraphy and painting show one’s culture. By playing music, one does not aim to be a musician but to broaden his horizons and purify his soul. By playing chess, one does not aim to win but to test his patience and sharpen his foresight. By practicing calligraphy, one aims not only to write beautifully but also to cultivate his mind. By painting, one creates his imaginary world with simple lines.
春節是中國最盛大的傳統節日，也叫“過年”。除夕夜里，全家人聚在一起吃豐盛的團圓飯，包餃子、放鞭炮、貼春聯、看春晚……迎接新的一年到來。大年初一早上，孩子們穿著新衣服，跟著父母去拜年。長輩們往往發給孩子們一些壓歲錢，祝福他們又長了一歲。春節是一個家人團聚的日子，離家在外的孩子都要回家。一家老少歡聚團圓，共享天倫之樂。
Spring Festival, also called “Celebrating Lunar New Year”, is the grandest traditional festival in China. On the eve of Spring Festival, the whole family gather together to have a wonderful family reunion dinner, making dumplings, setting off firecrackers , putting up Spring Festival couplets and watching Spring Festival Gala to celebrate the coming of the new year. On the first morning of Spring Festival, children, in their new clothes, follow their parents to pay New Year’s visits. Elders often give children some “gift money”, blessing them as they are a year older. Spring Festival is a period for family members to reunite when grown children away from home all return home. All family members, old and young, gather together to enjoy the happiness of the family reunion.
今天，中國的剪紙主要用于裝飾。在中國人看來，貼在門上的紅色剪紙能夠給全家帶來吉祥幸福。在中國的傳統節日里，尤其是春節期間，剪紙尤為常見。剪紙可以作為禮物送給親朋好友。在中國的傳統文化里，剪紙可以反映出生活中的各個方面，如吉祥如意、健康長壽和五谷豐登。春節期間，“福”字經常倒貼在門上，表達人們對“福到”的祝福。
Today, Chinese paper-cut is mainly used for decoration. In the eyes of Chinese people, red paper-cut pasted on doors can bring prosperity and happiness to the whole family. During traditional Chinese festivals, especially Spring Festival, paper-cut is more often seen. Paper-cut can be presented to friends and relatives as a gift. In traditional Chinese culture, paper-cut can reflect various aspects of life, such as prosperity, health, longevity and harvest. During Spring Festival, the Chinese character fu, which means happiness, is pasted upside down on doors to express wishes for happiness.
中華文明歷來注重社會和諧，強調團結互助。中國人早就提出了“和為貴”的思想，追求天人和諧、人際和諧和身心和諧。今天，中國要構建和諧社會，就是要建設一個民主法治、公平正義、誠信友愛、充滿活力、安定有序、人與自然和諧相處的社會，實現物質和精神、民主和法治、公平和效率、活力和秩序的統一。中國人民把民族團結作為自己的職責，把國家主權和領土完整作為自己至高無上的使命。
Chinese civilization has always attached great importance to social harmony, unity and mutual assistance. Chinese people, who proposed the idea of “harmony as the most precious” in the early days, strive for harmony between man and nature, among people and between man’s body and soul. Today, it is a harmonious society of democracy and rule of law, fairness and justice, honesty and fraternity, vitality and stability, order and harmony between man and nature that China is trying to build , which achieves unity between material and culture, democracy and rule of law, fairness and efficiency as well as vitality and order. Chinese people regard ethnical unity as their responsibility and national sovereignty and territorial integrity as their supreme mission.
正月十五元宵節是中華民族的傳統節日，也是春節之后的第一個重要節日，象征著和睦團圓。這是一年中第一個月圓之夜，標志著大地回春。按照中國民俗，在這皓月當空的夜晚，人們要點起彩燈萬盞以示慶賀。中國幅員遼闊、歷史悠久，元宵節的習俗全國各地也不盡相同。其中，吃元宵、賞花燈和猜燈謎是元宵節最重要的民間習俗。
The Lantern Festival on the 15th day of the first lunar month is a traditional festival of the Chinese nation, also the first major one after the Spring Festival, symbolizing harmony and unity. It is the first full moon night of the lunar year, marking the return of spring. According to the Chinese folk custom, people light thousands of colorful lanterns on this moon-lit night to celebrate the festival. Because of its vast territory and long history, customs of the Lantern Festival vary in different areas across the country, among which eating yuanxiao (sweet sticky rice dumplings), appreciating lanterns and guessing lantern riddles are the most important folk customs.
中國傳統文化博大精深、源遠流長。早在兩千多年前，就產生了以孔孟為代表的儒家學說和以老莊為代表的道家學說。從孔夫子到孫中山，中國傳統文化有很多珍貴的思想。比如，強調仁愛、強調集體利益、強調天下為公，特別是強調吃苦耐勞、尊師重教的傳統美德。所有這些，都對家庭、社會和國家起到了巨大的維系和調節作用。
Traditional Chinese culture, extensive and profound, enjoys a long history. As early as 2000 years ago, there emerged Confucianism founded by Confucius and Mencius, and Taoism founded by Lao Tzu and Chuang Tzu. From Confucius to Sun Yat-sen, traditional Chinese culture presents many precious ideas. For example, it stresses kindness and love, the interests of the community, the idea of Justice for All in the World, and especially the traditional virtues such as diligence and endurance, respecting teachers and valuing education. All these have played a great role in binding and regulating families, the society and the country.
中國教育改革的當務之急是要改進現有課程設置和考試辦法，不要讓孩子只知道死讀書。教育改革的關鍵在于使全社會認識到中、小學教育的目的不只是讓學生掌握必要的知識，更應該提高學生整體素質，特別是讓他們對人生意義和社會責任這些根本性的問題要有比較深入的思考。學校要選擇合適的方式引導學生形成正確的世界觀。如果學校只強調知識教育而忽視了人生課程的引導，那么培養出來的只是一批文字或者數字機器。
The top priority in the reform of the education system should be given to the improvement in the curriculum and testing system so that the future generation will not study mechanically. The key to the reform of the education lies in arousing social awareness that primary and secondary education should aim not only to offer basic knowledge to students but also to improve their overall quality, especially to inspire them to ponder over some fundamental issues like the meaning of life and social responsibility. Schools should guide students in an appropriate way so that they can form a proper world view. If schools put undue emphasis on imparting knowledge while neglect the guidance on students’ life, they will produce nothing but machines only capable of memorizing words and numbers.
科教興國戰略是我國的一項基本國策。科技進步是經濟發展的決定性因素，發展教育又是科技進步的基礎。全球范圍內日趨激烈的經濟競爭，歸根結底是科技和人才的競爭。科教工作的根本任務是提高全民族的思想道德素質、科學文化素質和創新能力。大力發展教育和科技事業是我國現代化事業進一步發展的需要，同時也是適應世界科技革命和全球經濟競爭的需要。
The strategy of developing the country by relying on science and education is one of China’s basic state policies. Scientific and technological progress is a decisive factor in economic development, and educational development is the foundation of scientific and technological progress. The increasingly fierce economic competition across the world is, in the final analysis, the competition in science and technology and the competition for talents. The fundamental task of our work in science and education is to elevate the ideological and moral standards, the scientific and cultural level of the entire nation and its creative capabilities. The mission of vigorously developing education, science and technology is necessary for furthering China’s modernization drive and at the same time, for meeting the requirements of the world’s scientific and technological revolution and those of global economic competition.
漢譯英翻譯(6)
在中國，離開了孔子和《論語》，“哲學的突破”這一命題就無從談起。我們說，中國哲學是倫理型的，哲學體系的核心是倫理道德學說。如果說西方各種文化形態重在求真，中國的各種文化形態便是求善。舊時代從碩學鴻儒到武術教師，第一課便是如何做人，如何講“德”。 他們讓學生背誦的座右銘或警句，多出自《論語》。
In China, the proposition of Philosophical Breakthrough is out of question if there is no Confucius or the Analects of Confucius. We say Chinese philosophy is ethical, and the core of its philosophy system is the theory of morality. Western cultures lay emphasis on pursuing trueness, while Chinese on seeking goodness. In old time, either to an eminent scholar, or to a Martial arts teacher, the first lesson was to be a human, and morality. Students were asked to memorize mottos or aphorisms, mostly from the Analects of Confucius.
中國的傳統道德資源，經過幾十年被棄若敝屣之后，在某些通都大邑簡直成了稀罕物，講求道德者往往被看作是“另類”，以致有人驚呼當今是一個物欲橫流、臭銅熏陶的世界。但在若干“民智未開”的窮鄉僻壤，我們古代典籍中蘊含的道德觀念卻依然留存。村夫農婦，或許他們一字不識(目不識丁)，其語言行為在卻處處體現著“仁、義、禮、智、信、忠、孝、溫、良、恭、儉、讓”等為人處世之道，并以此言傳身教，他們的下一代因耳濡目染而潛移默化。
China"s traditional moral resources, after decades of being heaped indignity, have even become a scarce in some metropolis. In this world, where ethics people are often seen as "alternative", some people exclaim that today is a world of materialistic and smelly copper. But in a number of "uncivilized" remote lands, the morals of our ancient books still exist. Farmers and farmwomen, though may be illiterate, use languages and behaviors that embodied in the living philosophy of "benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom, faith, loyalty, filial piety, warmth, goodness, good faith, frugality, and humility". Moreover, they teach their children with precepts and examples, which influence on their next generations.
漢譯英翻譯(7)
舉例說明漢譯英的難點有哪些？
一、 學術型翻譯
每個語言環境下都會產生科學領域、社會領域、哲學領域、法學領域的不同名詞，在語言環境的轉換中，就要做到精確無比，不然容易不倫不類。
例如：1、社會領域
脫貧致富——to shake off poverty set out on the road to prosperity
傳銷——pyramid sales
2、法學領域
三個代表——Three Represents
3、部分漢語名詞由于其專業性則需要用漢語拼音代替。例如：神舟九號——Shenzhou IX。
二、古詩詞的翻譯
古代的詩詞，在現代人看來，理解都稍顯困難。所以在翻譯成英語時，需要注意的是原作者的行文風格，通假字的翻譯，增添主語或動詞等方面。
例如《鹿柴》空山不見人，但聞人語響。返景如深林，復照青苔上。Empty the hills, no man in sight, Yet voices echo here; Deep in the woods slanting sunlight ,Falls on the jade-green moss.
三、 主語的翻譯
在中文的許多句子里，都會省略主語。而在英語句子中，主語是不可缺少的。所以主語的翻譯也就成了我們漢譯英的一大難題。主要有以下幾個方面。
1、 求同存異——找主語
辦喜事要選個良辰吉日。——We usually choose an auspicious day for wedding.
2、 推倒主語
謝絕參觀——The place is not open to vistors.
3、 轉移主語
這個村建了一所小學——A primary school is this village.
4、 結構主語
要成功，就要付出勞動——It will cost you much labor to succeed in anytime.
四． 成語的差異
成語蘊含著中國的許多傳統故事，所以翻譯起來很是費勁。
1、借助已有的英語俗語來進行翻譯，使得成語的意思在英語環境中也變得通俗易懂。
甕中之鱉——A rat in a hole(將“鱉”借助英語環境翻譯為rat)
水底撈月——To fish in the air（“水”“月”代為fish和air）
2、詞匯空缺
東施效顰——The ugly imitates the beautiful in such a distoted way that the ugliness of the ugly becomes worse.
五、 謙辭敬語與委婉語的翻譯
中國自古都崇尚在待人接物上要謙遜。我們在日常生活中都有很多的謙辭敬語，而在英語環境中，很少有這樣的使用。所以如果從中文翻譯過來，就會存在文化差異。我們翻譯時需要在了解中文意思的前提下，翻譯成地道英語用語。
過世、長眠、與世長辭——fall asleep, go to a better world
漢譯英翻譯(8)
太極拳(Taijiquan)是中華民族的寶貴財富，word/media/image1.gif組成部分。作為中國古老的武術(maritialarts)之一。其主要功能是武術攻防、鍛煉身體和修身養性(self-cultivation )。太極拳在演練時，動作柔緩，但能以突然爆發的力量將對手擊退。經過幾個世紀的發展，太極拳已發展為多個分支，每個分支都有自己的特點。如今，太極拳在中國乃至世界受到越來越多人歡迎。 1.第1句可譯為并列結構Taijiquan is precious wealth...and an important part...,系動詞“是”(is)只需譯出一個。 2.第2句中的“其主要功能是”可直譯為its main functionsare to...，但稍顯生硬，宜轉述為“它通常用于”(it is usuallyused for...)。“攻防”在中文里是一個詞，但實際包含了兩層意思，故分譯為attacking and defending;同理，第3句的“柔緩”譯為gentle and slow。 3.第3句中的“太極拳在演練時”實為被動句，“太極拳”為受動者，故譯作When Taijiquan is beingpractice...。“但能以突然爆發的力量......”處理為which引導的非限制性定語從句which，however, candefeat。“突然爆發的力量”可譯為sudden strength或sudden force，因為sudden已包含有“突然爆發”的意思，故“爆發”一詞不需再譯。 4.最后一句中的“在中國乃至世界受到越來越多人歡迎”，除譯文外，還可以有多種譯法，如is welcomed bymore and more people both in China and overseas;is accepted by more and more people inChina and the world as well。 參考譯文： Tajiquan is precious wealth of Chinese nation andan important part of the eastern culture. As one ofthe ancient martial arts in China, it is usually usedfor attacking and defending, body building and self-cultivation. When Tajiquan is being practiced, themovements are gentle and slow, which, however,can defeat the opponent with sudden strength. Through centuries of development, Taijiquanhas developed into several branches, and everyone has its features. Now Tajiquan has becomeincreasingly popular both in China and abroad.
交通擁堵是世界各國普遍面臨的問題。近年來，我國城市化水平空前加快，大中城市交通擁堵問題尤其突出，交通阻塞已由局部向大范圍蔓延。這不僅影響了城市生活的效率和質量，而且帶來了環境污染、能源緊張等一系列經濟社會問題，嚴重制約了城市的發展。要想解決這一問題，良好的公共交通是必不可少的。實行低票價政策，是實現公交優先的基本保證。從長遠來看，則要大力發展軌道交通(rail transportation)，降低路面擁堵。 參考翻譯 Traffic jam has been a problem shared by all countries around the world.In recent years,the urbanization of China reaches an unprecedented level,which leads to especially prominent traffic jam in large and medium-sized cities.The problem of traffic jam has extended from part to a wide range.Traffic jam not only affects the efficiency and quality of uibanlife,but also causes a series of economic and social problems like environmental pollution and energy deficiency,which greatly restricts the development of cities.To solve the problem,well-organized public transportation is indispensable.Low ticket price is the basic guarantee of priority of public transportation.In the long term,we must vigorously develop rail transportation to lessen traffic jam. 翻譯講解 1.世界各國普遍面臨的問題：譯為a problem shared by all countries around the world.“普遍面臨的”在此處譯為shared by，即“為…所共有的”，也可以用commonly faced by表達。 2.尤其突出：可譯為especially prominent或particularly prominent.其中prominent意為“突出的，顯著的”。 3.由局部向大范圍蔓延：可譯為has extended from part to a wide range. 4.必不可少：可譯為indispensable或necessary，意為“必要的，必然的”。 5.公交優先：可譯為priority of public transportation. 6.從長遠來看：可譯為in the long term，也可譯為in the long run或over the long range.
西部支教(volunteering to teach in the west)對于促進當地教育和經濟發展有著重要意義。大學生到西部支教，對農村的孩子不僅僅進行書本知識的教學，更重要的是通過組織安排一些活動，寓教于樂，希望對他們未來的學習和生活有所啟發和引導，并激發他們學習的動力和對外面發達城市的向往，促使他們進步。此外，大學生也會把新的觀念和思想帶到農村去。去西部支教還能培養當代大學生的社會責任感和社會公益心，在一定程度上，也緩解了西部地區教師短缺的壓力。 參考翻譯 Volunteering to teach in the west is significant for the improvement of local education and the economic development.The college students who volunteer to teach in the west not only impart academic knowledge to children in rural areas,but more importantly,through a number of activities to combine teaching and entertainment,they hope to provide inspiration and guidance for the children about their future study and life.They also want to motivate the children in rural areas to study,evoke their desire for going to developed cities outside and help them make progress.Inaddition,the college students will bring new ideas and thoughts to the countryside.Volunteering to teach in the west can also help college students develop a sense of social responsibility and contributing to public benefit.To a certain extent,it also eases the shortage of teachers in the western regions. 翻譯講解 1.大學生：可譯為college students，也可譯為undergraduates. 2.通過組織安排一些活動，寓教于樂：合并譯為through a number of activities to combine teaching and entertainment. 3.激發他們對…的向往：可譯為evoke their desire for… 4.社會公益心：可譯為a sense of social welfare. 5.在一定程度上：可譯為to a certain extent或up to a point.
算盤(abacus)是中國傳統的計算工具，也是中國古代的一項重大發明。阿拉伯數字出現以前，算盤在世界各地廣泛使用。算盤是矩形的木框，木框上固定著帶算珠的木桿。木框中間的橫梁(beam)將木桿分成兩部分：木桿上方的兩顆算珠 (counting beads)每個代表5,下方的五顆算珠每個代表1。隨著算盤的應用，人們總結出很多計算技巧，提高了計算速度。由于算盤易于制造，而且計算口訣易于記憶和操作，因此算word/media/image2.gif。參考譯文：As a traditional Chinese calculation tool and an important ancient Chinese invention,the abacus was widely used before the invention of Arabic numerals in the world. The abacus is a rectangle with a wooden frame. Within the frame,rods with stringed beads are fixed. The beam in the middle of the frame divides each rod into two parts. The two counting beads in the upper part of each rod represent five and the rest five beads in the lower part represent one. With the application of the abacus, people summarized many calculation tips to help improve the speed of calculation. As the abacus is simple to produce, and its calculation tips are easy to memorize and operate, it is quite popular in China.詞句點撥1.廣泛使用:可以用被動語態表示“被廣泛使用”，即be widely used。2.帶算珠的木桿:可譯為rods with stringed beads。其中rod意為“木桿”，stringed 意為“用帶或繩綁或掛的”，beads意為“珠子”，故stringed beads意為“串起來的珠子”。3.上方：即in the upper part;“下方”可譯為in the lower part。4.隨著算盤的應用:可譯為 with the application of the abacus。
世界屋脊?
由于西藏地處“世界屋脊”，自然條件惡劣，也由于幾百年落后的封建農奴制社會形成的各種社會歷史條件的制約，西藏在全國還屬于不發達地區。但是，50年的發展已經極大地改變了其昔日貧窮落后的面貌，西藏人民生活質量大大提高。社會經濟的發展極大地豐富了人民的物質文化生活。?
2000年，西藏全區各族人民已基本擺脫貧困，實現溫飽。部分群眾生活達到了小康水平。隨著人民生活逐步富裕，冰箱、彩電、洗衣機、摩托車、手表等消費品進入了越來越多尋常百姓家。不少富裕起來的農牧民蓋起了新房，有的還購買了汽車。?
西藏目前的人均居住面積處于全國首位。廣播、電視、通信、互聯網等現代信息傳遞手段已深入到人民群眾的日常生活。絕大多數地區的百姓能夠通過收聽收看廣播、電視，了解全國和全世界各地的新聞。當地百姓能夠通過電話、電報、傳真或互聯網等手段獲取信息資料，并與全國和全世界各地取得聯系。由于缺醫少藥狀況得到了根本改變，人民群眾的健康水平大幅度提高。西藏人均預期壽命由二十世紀五十年代的35.5歲增加到現在的67歲。?
Tibet,?located?on?the?“Roof?of?the?World”,?is?still?an?underdeveloped?area?in?China?because?of?its?harsh?natural?conditions?and?various?social?and?historical?restrictions?formed?by?centuries?of?backward?feudal?serfdom.?However,?the?development?of?Tibet?in?the?past?50?years?has?greatly?changed?its?former?poor?and?backward?look,?and?the?Tibetan?people’s?living?standard?has?greatly?improved.?Social?and?economic?development?has?enriched?the?people’s?material?and?cultural?life?remarkably.??
By?2000,?people?of?various?ethnic?groups?in?Tibet?have?basically?shaken?off?poverty,?and?began?to?have?enough?to?eat?and?wear.?Some?of?them?began?to?live?a?better-off?life.?Along?with?the?improvement?in?the?people’s?livelihood,?consumer?goods?such?as?refrigerators,?color?TV?sets,?washing?machines,?motorcycles?and?wristwatches?have?entered?more?and?more?ordinary?homes.?Many?well-off?farmers?and?herdsmen?have?built?new?houses.?Some?have?even?bought?automobiles.??
Currently,?Tibet?ranks?first?in?per?capita?housing?in?the?country.?Radio,?television,?telecommunications,?the?Internet?and?other?modern?information?transmission?are?now?part?of?daily?life?in?Tibet.?News?about?various?parts?of?the?country?and?the?world?now?reach?most?people?in?Tibet?by?radio?and?TV.?Local?people?can?obtain?information?from?and?make?contact?with?other?parts?of?the?country?and?the?world?through?telephone,?telegram,?fax?or?the?Internet.?The?Tibetan?people’s?health?has?also?improved?substantially,?because?the?situation?featuring?a?lack?of?both?doctors?and?medicine?has?changed?fundamentally.?The?average?life?expectancy?of?the?Tibetan?people?have?increased?from?35.5?years?in?the?1950s?to?67?years?presently.??
5.?The?big?problem?of?comprehension?of?the?English?text?and?the?bigger?problem?of?how?to?
express?it?in?rich,?present-day?Chinese?which?ranges?from?the?classical?to?the?colloquial?both?have?to?be?solved?in?the?course?of?translation.?
了解英語原義是一個大問題，而現代漢語既然是文言口語兼收并蓄，怎么用這樣豐富多彩的文字來表達英語原文是一個更大的問題，這兩個問題在翻譯中都要得到解決。??
6.?奧運會在世界的民族和民族、國家和國家、人民和人民之間建起了友誼的橋梁。?
Olympic?Games?has?built?a?friendship?bridge?between?nations,?countries?and?peoples.??
7.?他雖然經驗不足，但很有進取心和創造力，而這正是在這一領域獲得成功的關鍵。?
Although?he?lacks?experience,?he?has?enterprise?and?creativity,?which?are?decisive?in?achieving?success?in?the?area.??
8.?這種床墊工藝先進，結構新穎，造型美觀，款式多樣，舒適大方，攜帶方便。?
The?technological?design?of?this?bed?cushion?is?advanced?with?novel?structure,?beautiful?shape?and?various?patterns.?They?are?comfortable?and?convenient?to?carry.??
9.?能不能盡快把科學技術搞上去，這是一個關系到社會主義建設的全局，關系到我們國家命運與
前途的大問題。?
Whether?science?and?technology?can?be?pushed?forward?as?quickly?as?possible?is?a?question?of?vital?importance?for?socialist?construction?as?a?whole?and?for?the?destiny?and?future?of?our?country.??
10.?講英語的人聽到別人贊揚，一般說“謝謝”，表示接受，說明自己認為別人的贊揚是誠心誠意
的，所贊揚的事是值得贊揚的。因此不應該“假裝自卑”或“故作謙虛”。?
To?the?English-speaking?people,?praise?is?to?be?accepted,?generally?with?a?remark?like?“thank?you”.?They?think?that?the?compliment?is?sincere,?and?that?the?praise?is?worthy?of?the?achievement?or?thing.?Therefore,?there?should?be?no?show?of?false?humility?or?pretended?modesty.
1.??盡管健康越來越重要，然而多數人都是等到生病時才意識到健康的寶貴。適量的運動無?疑有益于健康，但體育迷面臨的問題是缺少理想的運動場所。與森林不同，繁忙街道兩側的?公園容易受到空氣污染，在此鍛煉非但不能提高身體抵抗力，還很可能誘發各種慢性病。??1.??Despite?the?increasing?importance?of?health,?most?people?fail?to?recognize?the?value?of?health?until?they?fall?ill.?There?is?no?doubt?that?moderate?exercise?can?benefit?health.?However,?sports?fans?are?faced?with?the?lack?of?ideal?places?for?exercise.?Unlike?forests,?parks?on?either?side?of?a?busy?street?are?prone?to?atmospheric?pollution,?where?exercise?cannot?enhance?immunity,?but?may?induce?various?chronic?diseases?rather?than?enhance?immunity.???
2.??在中國，拿碩士學位通常需要三年時間。第一年積累足夠的學分后，學生接著在后兩年完成畢業論文。論文要有一定學術價值，還要反映學生的科研能力。人們越來越重視學術誠信，這將有助于提高科學界的道德標準。??
2.??In?China,?it?usually?takes?3?years?for?students?to?get?a?Master?Degree.?Having?accumulated?enough?credits?in?the?first?year,?students?could?go?on?to?complete?their?theses?in?the?following?two?years.?Their?theses?should?have?certain?academic?values?and?show?their?research?abilities.?Now?greater?emphasis?has?been?laid?on?academic?integrity,?which?will?help?raise?the?moral?standards?in?the?academic?society.???
3.??因特網的廣泛應用引發了一場全球范圍內的信息革命。?信息已被作為一種重要的社會戰略資源而與物資、能源、人力一起被列為現代社會生產力的重要因素。我國的信息安全形勢不是很樂觀。我國現在是世界上網人數最多的國家，然而由于基礎薄弱，監管力度有限，網民安全意識淡薄，網上的重大失竊密案件多有發生；對社會穩定造成了許多負面影響。?3.??The?wide?application?of?the?Internet?has?brought?about?a?global?information?revolution.?Information?has?come?to?be?regarded?as?an?important?strategic?resource?which?is?ranked?among?such?important?factors?of?modern?social?productivity?as?materials，energy?sources?and?manpower.?The?situation?of?information?security?of?our?country?is?not?very?optimistic.?Our?nation?now?has?the?largest?number?of?Internet?users?in?the?world.?However,?due?to?the?weak?infrastructure,?limited?supervising?power?and?our?netizens’?indifference?to?security，many?serious?cases?of?loss,?theft?and?leakage?of?secrets?over?the?internet?have?happened?and?had?many?negative?effects?on?the?stability?of?our?society.???
?
4.?很久以前我們就離開了家鄉的土地，從那以后我們就生活在城市狹窄的天空下。失去了
廣闊的田野和清新的空氣，我們不得不生活在都市吵雜而擁擠的環境里。如果我們不盡力在自己居住的小屋里保留最后一點綠色，不能給我們的心靈留下最后一塊安置靈魂的空間，那么我們還擁有什么？???
4.??We?have?left?our?native?land?a?long?time?ago,?and?have?been?living?in?the?city?whose?sky?is?narrow.?Having?long?lost?the?poetic?fields?and?fresh?air,?we?have?to?live?in?the?noisy?and?crowed?city.?If?we?do?not?try?to?preserve?a?bit?of?green?in?our?little?rooms,?if?we?lose?the?last?bit?of?space?to?accommodate?our?soul,?then?what?do?we?still?have?
5.??在學術民主方面，當時，學校經常有討論會。通常是一個人先作主題發言，介紹學科領域的情況，大約講40分鐘，然后討論一小時，大家七嘴八舌都可以講。那時，我不過是個研究生，也參加討論，這是允許的。主持會議的教授有時也和大家一起討論，偶爾教授會說，他剛才講的不對，收回。就這樣，在學術問題上很講民主。?
5.??As?for?academic?democracy,?at?that?time,?there?were?different?seminars?in?the?Institute.??
Usually?the?president?began?with?an?introduction?of?about?40?minutes?on?a?subject,?and?then?each?and?everyone?had?a?chance?to?speak?in?the?one-hour?discussion.?
?I?was?nobody?but?a?postgraduate?then,?and?also?had?a?voice?in?the?discussion,?which?was?allowed.?The?professor?presiding?over?the?seminar?sometimes?participated?in?the?discussion?too.??
Occasionally?you?could?hear?the?professor?say,?“I?take?back?what?I?said?just?now.?I?was?wrong.”?They?were?quite?democratic?on?academic?studies.???
6.??當前最重要的任務是發展國民經濟，提高人民生活水平。因此，我們必須改革舊的經濟體制，進一步解放生產力；我們應當向世界敞開大門，學習其他國家的先進的科學和技術。只要我們堅持改革開放政策，就一定能把我國建設成強大的社會主義國家。?
6.??Our?primary?task?at?present?is?to?develop?national?economy?and?promote?the?living?standards?of?the?people.?Therefore,?we?must?reform?the?old?economic?system?so?as?to?further?liberate?productive?forces.?Moreover,?we?should?be?open?to?the?outside?world?sp?that?we?can?learn?advanced?science?and?technology?from?other?countries.?And?we?are?sure?to?build?china?into?a?powerful?socialist?country?so?long?as?we?stick?to?the?reform?and?opening?policy.??
????
Food?safety?is?a?scientific?discipline?concerned?with?handling,?preparation,?and?storage?of?foods?in?ways?that?prevent?food-borne?illness.?It?involves?a?number?of?routines?that?should?be?followed?to?avoid?potentially?severe?health?hazards.?Food?can?transmit?disease?from?person?to?person?as?well?as?serve?as?a?growth?medium?for?bacteria?that?can?cause?food?poisoning.?Debates?on?genetic?food?safety?include?such?issues?as?impact?of?genetically?modified?food?on?health?of?further?generations?and?genetic?pollution?of?environment,?which?can?destroy?natural?biological?diversity.?In?developed?counties?there?are?rigorous?standards?for?food?preparation,?whereas?in?poverty-stricken?countries?the?main?issue?is?the?availability?of?adequate?safe?water.?????????113?w????
食品安全是門科學，研究的內容是如何處理、加工和儲存食品才能防止食品導致的疾病。食品安全涉及一些日常程序，只有執行這些程序才能避免可能對健康造成的嚴重危害。食品能在人與人之間傳播疾病，也能滋生細菌引起食品中毒。有關轉基因食品安全的爭論涉及的問題包括轉基因食品對后代人健康的影響和基因的環境污染，基因的環境污染會破壞自然界的生物多樣性。發達國家有嚴格的食品加工標準，而貧窮國家的主要問題是能否有充足的達標水源。
漢譯英翻譯(9)
1. 一雙（條）…. 45.一個橘子
2. 一雙鞋子 46.一只鋼筆
3. 一雙襪子 47.一只鉛筆
4. 一條長褲 48.一只杯子
5. 一條短褲 49.什么顏色
6. 一條裙子 50.黑白相間
7. 一套，一串，一副，一組 51.請拼寫它
8. 一串鑰匙 52.我的名字
9. 請求，懇求（給予） 52.你的名字
10. 我能幫你嗎？ 53.他的名字
11. 快點兒 54.她的名字
12. 勞駕，請原諒 55。認識你很高興
13. 名字 56.你好！
14. 無疑，肯定 57.我的朋友
15. 早上好！ 58.在中國
16. 下午好！ 59.兩張漂亮的照片
17. 晚上好！ 60.在第一張照片中
18. 從……到…… 61.在下一張照片中
19. 生日快樂！ 62.我的狗的名字
20. （表示祝愿）過得愉快！2 63.一張…的照片
21. 給你 64.失物招領處
22. （詢問消息或提出建議）…怎么樣？…好嗎？2
23. 你好嗎？ 65.電腦游戲（機）
24. （購物時）…多少錢？ 66.玩電腦游戲
25. …多大年紀？…幾歲了？ 67.玩游戲
26. 學生卡，身份證 68.和…玩游戲
27. 用英語 69.和…..玩…..
28. 用漢語 70.學校圖書館
29. 姓氏2 71.給……打電話
30. 中學，初中 72.給……發電子郵件
31. 飛機模型 73.在沙發上
32. 鉛筆盒，文具盒 74.在椅子下
33. 再見 75.在桌子下
34. 磁帶播放機 76.打籃球
35. 電話號碼2 77.那聽起來不錯
36. 為…而感謝你（們） 78.通過電視，在電視上
37. 思考，思索，考慮 79.下課后
38. 看電視 80.晚飯后
39. 別客氣，不用謝 81.然（隨）后，在那之后
40. 一把尺子 81.同一所學校
41. 一副地圖 82.去同一所學校上學
42. 一件夾克衫 83.體育明星
43. 一把鑰匙 84.運動鞋
44. 一床被子 85.做運動
86.飲食習慣
87.健康食品
88.最后一個問題
89.想要做某事
90.以很優惠的價格
91.服裝店
92.大甩賣，大減價
93.英語測驗
94.籃球賽
96.排球賽
97.足球賽
98.生日聚會
99.學校開放日
100.學校旅行
101.英語日（節）
102.圖書特賣
103.藝術節
104.一節美術課
105一個忙碌的學期
106.最喜歡的學科
107.第二天
108.在周一
109.長達兩小時
110.一小時
111.難但是有趣的
112.水果沙拉
113.上體育課
114.下周
115.好朋友
116.老朋友
117.名單
118.家庭關系圖，家譜
119.在我的家庭中
120.在你的頭上
121.在書柜里
122.遲到
123.足球
各單元核心考點歸納：
預備單元：共三個單元
考點1.掌握26個字母的書寫格式和筆畫順序：見課本S2,S6,S10
考點2.5個元音字母：Aa, Ee, Ii, Oo, Uu
考點3.一天中不同時間段的問候語
早上見面時用：
下午見面時用：
晚上見面時用：
初次見面時的客套用語：Nice to meet you!或How do you do?
考點4.詢問身體狀況的句型及回答
考點5.thanks=thank you 的用法：在英語國家，當得到對方的稱贊、夸獎及祝福時，應表示感謝。
考點6.請求拼寫單詞的句子有：Spell it, please和How do you spell it ?
考點7.表示用某種語言用介詞in 例如：in English, in Chinese
考點8.it的用法：回答What’s this/that in English?句型時，通常用it 代替this/that應用It’s a/an……
考點8.冠詞a/an/the 的用法：第一次提到某物且是單數時用a/an（一個…） 元音開頭時用an,輔音開頭時用a ,但是第二次提到某物或特指時用the（這）
考點9.特殊疑問詞的選擇：根據問答一致的原則來選擇。常用特殊疑問詞見同步練習冊121頁。
考點10.詢問物品顏色(或對顏色提問)用What color什么顏色，句型為
What color is/are…..?
回答：It’s +顏色.或They’re+顏色.
Unit 1 My name’s Gina.
考點1.自我介紹（姓名、年齡）常用句型
My name is +名字. 或 I’m +名字.
I’m +數字. 或 My age is +數字.
考點2.詢問別人名字的句型
What’s your/his/her name?
回答My/His/Her name is +名字.
也可以是I’m/He’s/She’s +名字.
注意：表示某人的名字時，name前只能用形容詞的物主代詞my, your, his, her而不能用人稱代詞I/you/he/she
考點3.確認人物：…是某某嗎？
Are you +名字？ Yes, I am. / No, I’m not.
Is he/she +名字？ Yes, he/she is. /No, he/she isn’t.
考點4.詢問別人的電話號碼的句型
What’s your/his/her telephone number?
回答時三種方式：
直接回答電話號碼.
It’s +電話號碼.
My/His/Her telephone number is +電話號碼.
考點5. be動詞的用法
be動詞的三種形式：am/is/are
用法口決：我I用am，你you用are，is連著他、她、它，單數名詞用is，復數名詞全用are;變一般疑問句，把am/is/are提前，變否定，更容易，在am/is/are后加not,疑問否定任你變。
考點6.形容詞性物主代詞：my/your/his/her/our/your/their的用法
形容詞性物主代詞后必須跟名詞，且放在名詞前作定語
名詞性物主代詞：mine/yours/his/hers/ours/yours/theirs的用法
名詞性物主代詞相當于名詞，后面不能再加名詞
Unit 2 This is my sister.
考點1.向他人介紹某人
This is my …. 這是我的…
That’s my ….. 那是我的…
These are my ….這些是我的…
Those are my … 那些是我的…
注意：介紹某人的句型變為一般疑問句Is this/that …?或 Are these/those…?后，就成為了指認人物的句型。
考點2.辨認人物：她/他/他（她、它）們是誰？
Who’s she? She’s my sister.
Who’s he? He’s my brother.
Who’re they? They’re my parents.
考點3.表達祝愿
Have a good day (time)!
Thanks/Thank you!
Unit 3 Is this your pencil?
考點1.確認物品所屬關系的句型：即為物品找到主人
Is this/that your pencil? Yes, it is. /No, it isn’t.
Are these/those your schoolbags? Yes, they are./ No, they aren’t
考點2.打擾別人時或要問別人問題時所用的禮貌用語：Excuse me
考點3.詢問消息、征詢意見或提出建議用：What about…?或 How about…?
考點4.表示感謝的用語及答語：Thank you for your help!
You’re welcome.
考點5.給某人打電話的用語：Call…at…
給某人發電子郵件的用語：e-mail…at…
Unit 4 Where’s my schoolbag?
考點1.詢問物品的位置或對位置提問用：Where在哪里，句型為
Where is/are +物品？
回答：It’s +in/on/under the…它在…里面/上面/下面
或 They’re +in/on/under the…它們在…里面/上面/下面
考點2.確認物品的位置的句型
Is/Are +物品+in/on/under the…?
Yes, it is./No, it isn’t.
Yes, they are./No, the aren’t.
考點3.表明自己的主觀想法或看法用：I think…我想/認為…
考點4.know 知道；了解，常見的句型有：I know我知道/I don’t know我不知道
考點5.描述物品的位置句型：物品+is/are +in/on/under the …
考點6.名詞所有格：通常在名詞或人名的末尾加’s構成所有格，表示：…的，但是以s結尾的復數名詞變為所有格時只加’
考點7.方位介詞in/on/under的用法
in 意為 在…里面（中）
on 意為 在…上面
under意為 在…下面
Unit 5 Do you have a soccer ball?
考點1.have(有)的第三人稱單數形式為：has(有)
考點2.含有have/has的肯定句、否定句及一般疑問句
肯定句 否定句 一般疑問句I/We/You/They have don’t have Do you/they have…?
He/she/人名 has doesn’t have Does he/she have…?
有 沒有 某人有…嗎？
考點3.let引導的祈使句常用來提出建議
Let 后人稱代詞時用賓格: Let me/us/him/her…
Let’s后接動詞原型：Let’s go/play….
考點4.就對方的建議提出看法：That sounds good.
Unit6. Do you like bananas/
考點1. like(喜歡)的第三人稱單數形式為：likes
考點2.含有like/ likes的肯定句、否定句及一般疑問句
肯定句 否定句 一般疑問句I/We/You/They like don’t like Do you/they like …?
He/she/人名 likes doesn’t like Does he/she like …?
喜歡 不喜歡 某人喜歡…嗎？
考點3.want(想要，需要)的常見搭配
后接名詞：意為想要某物
后接動詞不定式to: 意為想要做某事
考點4.介詞for常與一日三餐breakfast/lunch/dinner名稱搭配使用，表示各餐所吃的食物。
考點5.可數名詞與不可數名詞
可數名詞有單數和復數兩種形式，而不可數名詞只有單數形式。
可數名詞的復數形式的變化規則見同步練習冊83頁
Unit7. How much are these socks?
考點1.詢問物品的價格（或對價格提問）用：how much多少錢，句型為
How much is/are +物品？
回答：It’s +價錢
或 They’re +價錢
考點2.英語中常見的購物用語
Can I help you? Yes, please.
How much is/are…? I’ll take it.
Here you are . Thank you You’re welcome.
考點3.基數詞的寫法
0-12 是獨立的單詞，需要逐一記憶
13-19 由其個位數后加teen構成，但要注意13,15,18的寫法
20-90整十位數，以ty結尾，但要注意20,30,40,50,80的寫法
Unit8. When is your birthday?
考點1.詢問生日或對日期提問用：when 什么時候，句型為
When is…? 回答 It’s on+月份 +日期（用序數詞）.
考點2.詢問年齡或對年齡提問用：how old 幾歲了？多大年紀？句型為How old is/are+某人? 回答I’m/He’s/She’s …years old.
考點3.基數詞變為序數詞
與基數詞one, two, three相對應的序數詞分別是first, second, third
從第四到第十九、整十數均以th結尾
表示第幾十幾，只要將個位數變為序數詞
序數詞的縮寫形式由阿拉伯數字加上序數詞的最后兩個字母構成考點4.介詞on, in, at表述時間概念時的區別
在Monday/Tuesday….Sunday前用介詞on
表示在早上、在下午及在晚上；或在某年、某月前用介詞in,但是月后面還有日時，介詞要用on
表示在具體的某一時刻即鐘點前用介詞at
Unit9. My favorite subject is science.
考點1.談論某人最喜歡的科目的句型為
What’s your/his/her favorite subject?
回答My/His/Her favorite subject is + 科目.
注意：表示某人最喜愛時，favorite前只能用形容詞性物主代詞my/your/his/her等或是名詞所有格，而不能用人稱代詞I/you/he/she等
考點2.詢問原因并給出理由
Why……?
Because…..
考點3.常用特殊疑問詞辨析：見同步練習冊121頁
漢譯英翻譯(10)
1. 根據它的叫聲特點，人們把蟬又稱作知了
Another name for the cicada is Zhiliao, or know all, for that’s how sounds to the Chinese.
2. 紀曉嵐是乾隆的寵臣，曾三次任禮部尚書
Jixiaolan enjoyed great favor in Emperor Qianlong’s court and was times the Ministry of Rites.
3. 中國人又在正月十五晚上吃元宵，賞花燈的習俗。
The Chinese have the custom of eating yuanxiao sweet dumplings made of glutinous rice flour and watching festive lanterns on the fifteenth evening of the first lunar month.
4. 他的不合作態度是這個項目進展十分緩慢。
The project is making slow progress because of his uncooperativeness.
5. 你們誰想參加春游就在星期五之前報名并交費。
Whoever wants to join the spring out ing should sign up and pay the expenses before Friday.
6. 我覺得這個店里的衣服即使打折也還是太貴。
I think the clothes in the shop are still too expensive even if we could get a 40 percent discount.
7. 就目前情況看，工程造價將會超出預算百分之三十。
8. 萬一你想取消這次旅行，請至少提前一個月書面通知我們
If you should want to cancel the trip, please notify us in writing at least one month in advance.
9. 想讓他答應如此要求恐怕不大可能
I’mafraid it is unlikely for him to agree to such a request
10. 在董事會年會上，他請大家注意一個被普遍忽視的問題
At the annual meeting of the board of directors, he called everyone’s attention to a commonly ignored problem.
11. 聽到這個消息，她心里一沉，但還是勉強擠出一點微笑。
Her heart sank when she heard the news, but she still managed to force a smile.
12. 收到請帖后她覺得左右為難，不知該不該接受
13. 如果不適當地處理，鍋爐及機動車輛排出的廢氣就會造成城市空氣污染
Exhaust from boilers and vehicles, unless properly treated, causes air pollution in cities.
14. 如果說，詞匯是語言的“建筑材料”，那么，句子便是文章的“基本部件”。
? If vocabulary is the "building materials" for language, sentences are "fundamental parts" of writings.
15. 魯迅的骨頭是最硬的，他沒有絲毫的奴顏和媚骨，這是殖民地半殖民地人民最可寶貴的性格。
Lu Xun was a man of unyielding integrity,free from all sycophancy or obsequiousness, this quality is invaluable among colonial and semi-colonial people.
16. 胎又癟了。
We’ve got another flat tire.
17. 人不可貌相，海水不可斗量。
We can not judge a person by appearance
18. 在歷史上，由于長江不斷改道，在武漢地區形成了眾多的湖泊。
The constant change of the course of the Changjiang River in history helped form a great many lakes in the areas around Wuhan city in central China.
19. 健康不佳就無法有效工作。
Poor health may cause one’s inefficiency at work.
20. 北京地區由于近些年加強了植樹造林，在一些地方飛來了稀有的鳥類。
Quite a few rare birds come to settle down in some places around Beijing thanks to the expansion of woods there these years.
21. 世紀交替，千年更迭，人類社會的發展正在揭開新的篇章。
The turn of the century has opened a new chapter in the development of human society.
22. 世紀之交，中國外交空前活躍。
At the turn of the century, China is most active in its diplomatic activities.
23. 你做這事不費吹灰之力。
It is very easy for you to do such a thing.
24. 決定把這問題到下次會上討論。
It was decided to bring the matter up at the next meeting.
25. 這時我激動得說不出話來。
I am too excited to utter any words.
26. 成都新改建的府南河兩岸將修建許多草坪和居民大樓。
Plenty of lawns and apartment houses will be built along both the banks of the newly-renovated Funan River.
27. 這件事至今還沒有得出正確的結論。
So far no correct conclusion has been drawn on the matter.
28. 有明顯的跡象表明，一些古老的傳統和價值觀不再為年輕人所珍藏。
Obvious signs show that some old traditions and values are not cherished by youth any more.
29. 收音機的成本降低了80%。
The cost of radio sets was reduced by 80%.
30. 可以預見，在一個不太長的時間內，中國比在科學技術方面趕上世界最先進的國家。
It can be predicted that China will catch up with the most advanced nations in the world in science and technology in not too long a time.
31. 好像有點不大對頭。
There seems something wrong about it.
32. 古今中外，這種情況概莫能外。
There is no exception to this in modern or ancient times,in China or elsewhere.
33. 古今中外，在商貿市場上歷來都是大魚吃小魚。
There exists a law at all times and in all countries that the great fish eat up the small in the world of business.
34. 到了濟南府，進得城來，家家泉水，戶戶垂楊，比那江南風景，覺得更具為有趣。
When he reached Jinan and entered the city, there were flowing streams by every house and willow trees by every door, which delighted him even more than the scenery of the south.
35. 北京很好玩。
Beijing is a city to have fun.
36. 北京外來人口逐年增多。
The number of people from other places in Beijing increases yeat by year.
37. 從北京乘火車到鄭州要花十多個小時。
It takes more than ten hours to ride by train from Beijing to Zhengzhou, the capital city of Henan province near Beijing.
38. 總統明天準備乘專機前往上海參觀訪問。
The president prepares to go to Shanghai by his special plane for a visit tomorrow.
39. 晚上過來跟我們一塊打保齡球如何？
Would you come to join us for playing bowling this evening?
40. 中央政府不敢與香港特別行政區的事務。
The central government has never intervened in the affairs of the HKSAR.
41. 中國經濟將融入世界經濟的大潮。
The economy of China will converge with that of the world.
42. 新的經典不斷出現，觀光人數不斷增加，地區經濟也有了很大發展。
The emergence of one new scenic spot after another and the influx of more and more tourists have also boosted the economy.
43. 本文所講的內容對通訊工程來說是很有趣的。
44. 在零售和烹調行業方面，加班企業的買賣完全超過了國家辦的。
45. 和古廟正好個和相對的那座寶塔據說是明代的建筑。
46. 我們大為驚奇的是，那幢經受強烈地震而幸存下來的唯一建筑物竟是磚木結構。
47. 我們必須培養分析問題解決問題的能力
We should develop our ability to analyze and solve problems
48. 要提倡顧全大局
We should advocate the spirit of taking the whole situation
49. 這真是俗話說的，“旁觀者清”
It was the saying goes, “the observer is clear”
50. 中國經濟現在還處在落后狀態
China’s economy is still backward
51. 這些蘋果你們四個人分
These apples shared by four people
52. 她不把他當公公，而當作親爹。
She considered him not a father-in-law but a father
53. 我們黨結束了那個時期的社會動蕩和紛擾不安的局面
Our Party has put an end to the social unrest and unpheaval
54. 在交作業之前必須讀幾遍，看看有沒有要修改的地方
Before handing in your homework, you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved
55. 他聲稱男子氣概和勇氣只有在戰場上才能得當考驗
He claimed that manhood and courage could be test only on the battlefield
56. 花園里面是人間的樂園，有的是吃不了的大米白面，穿不完的綾羅綢緞，花不完的金銀財寶。
The garden was the paradise on earth, with more food and clothes than could be consumed, and more money than could be spent.
57. 耳朵是用來聽聲音的器官，鼻子用來聞氣味，舌頭用來藏滋味
The ear is the organ that is used for hearing. The nose is used for smelling. The tongue is used for tasting
58. 天已經相當晚了，我們決定在那桌廟里過夜
As it was getting quite dark, we decided to stop at that temple for the night
59. 人口對住房的壓力減少，房價就會下降，建筑業自然就會削弱
When the pressure of population on housing decreases, pricesalso godown and the building industry is weakened
60. 他用手蒙住臉，好像是為了保護眼睛
She covered her face with her hand, as if to protect her eyes
61. 俘虜往往沈明，又望望其他人，沒有說下去
Looking at Shen Ming,then at the others,the prisoner of war fell silent
62. 天氣這樣悶，十之八九要下雨
With the weather so dose and stuff, then to one it’ll rain presently
63. 這對年輕夫婦并不相配，一個是西施，一個是張飛
This young couple is not well-matched, one is a Xishi,--a famous Chinese beauty, while the other is a Zhangfei—a well-known ill-tempered brute.
64. 在黨的領導下，中國人民已經完成了解放事業
Under the leadership of the party the Chinese people have succeeded in their liberation
65. 也許您忘記了7月份的購貨帳還沒有結算
Perhaps you have forgot the fact that your account for July purchases has not yet been settled
66. 多年來哪個國家一直有嚴重的失業現象
For many year there has been serious unemphyment in that country
67.誰不盼望自己有個健康的身體，又有誰不盼望能有一個幸福美滿的家庭，其實家庭和健康之間存在著密切而不可分割的關系
Who doesn’t hope for a healthy physique and a happy family? As a matter of fact，there exists an intimate and inseparable relation between the family and health．
68.到目前為止，在西藏高原和其他地方建立起50多個機構研究西藏文化——藏學。1986年在北京還成立了一個西藏學中心
So far, more than 50 institutions of Tibetology—the study of Tibetan culture—have been set up in the plateau as well as other places and a Tibetan studies center was founded in Beijing in 1986
69.鼎湖山整個地區為熱帶、亞熱帶森林所覆蓋，氣候獨特
Dinghu Mountain is covered by tropical as well as subtropical forest and has unique climate.70.該計劃將有一個特別委員會加以審查
This plane will be examined by a special committee
71.廣州地鐵二號線的列車是從德國空運過來的。
The metro trains of line I in Guangzhou was transported from German
72.有些問題還需要澄清
These questions have to be clarified
73.當下眾人七言八語
By now proposals of all kinds were being made
74.據說核電站正在籌建中
It is said that nuclear power plants are undered preparation for construction
75.他們努力盡可能快的速度提高產量
They are working to increase production at the highest speed possible
76.這是能想得出的最好解決辦法
This is the best solution imaginable
77.避暑山莊和北京的故宮、山東曲阜的孔廟一樣，是中國保存最完好的古代建筑群，也是中國現存規模最大的古典皇家園林
The Summer Palace of Chengde is one of the three best-preserved magnificent ancient architectural complexes in China, the other two being the forbidden City in Beijing and the Confucian Temple in Qufu of Shandong Province.
78.無云散掉之后，太陽又開始放射光芒。
The dark clouds having dispersed,the sun shone again
79.是他吃驚的是，她不僅沒有表揚他，反而批評了他
To his surprise, she criticized him instead of praising him
80.我們得早點到達那里
We have to be there earlier
81.會議將于明天下午在國際會議廳舉行
The meeting will be held in the International Conference Hall.
82.我們上星期在他家飽餐了一頓
We ate to our heart’s content at her home last Sunday.
83.我們明天早上七點鐘動身
We shall start at seven tomorrow morning
84.他出生在紹興附近的一個小村子里
He was born in a small village near ShaoXing
85.粗活
Heavy manual labor
86.臭豆腐
Stinking toufu
87.交通暢達
Nice traffic
88.我們暢談了整整一夜
We talked the night over freely and to our heart’s content
89.他笨手笨腳的
He is too clumsy
90.你應丟掉不切實際的幻想
You should cast away any illusions
91.小說的情節錯綜復雜，引人入勝
The plot of the novel is intricate and fascinating
92.祖國的前途光輝燦爛
The future of our motherland shines with great splender
93.現在形勢大好
Now the situation is excellent
94.大好時機
Golden opportunity
95.大干
Go all out
96.大白菜
Chinese Cabbage
97.他給多愁善感的瑪麗寫了封信
He wrote a letter to the sentimental Marie.
98.大作收到，十分高興。
I was very glad to have received your writing.
99.我們響應了祖國的號召.
We responded to the call of our motherland.
100.我們的心永遠向著祖國
Our hearts are always towards our motherland.
101.雪下了一整夜，厚厚的積雪覆蓋著地面
102.該定理的證明不困難
The proof of the law.
103.現在人們越來越認識到這一方法是很有價值的
There is a growing awareness that this technique is of value.
104.我們對問題要作全面的分析，才能解學得妥當
We must make a comprehensive analysis of a problem before it can be properly solved.
105.老師在等我，我得走了
My teacher is waiting for me, so I have to leave
106.她不來，我不走
If he doesn’t come, I shall not go
107.東方不亮西方亮，黑了南方有北方
When it is dark in the east, it is light in the west；when things are dark in the south there is still light in the north.
108.送君千里，終有一別
Although you may escort a guest a thousand miles, yet must the parting come at last
109.我們應當逐步消滅城鄉差別
We should try to eliminate the differences between town and country
110.那我們在山腳見吧
Let’s meet at the foot of the hill.
111.你白天還是晚上飛廣州？
Do you fly to Guangzhou in the daytime or at night?
112.班門弄斧
Show off one’s skills with the axe before an expert carpenter.
113.三個臭皮匠，頂個諸葛亮
Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind.
114.心病終需心藥治，解鈴還須系鈴人
No remedy but love can make the lovesick well, only the hand that tied the knot can loose the tiger’s bell.
115.結婚大辦酒席，是在可以免去了
Giving lavish feasts at weddings can well be dispensed with.
116.我們把沒收土地改為減租減息
We have altered the policy of confiscating the land of the landlords to the one of reducing the rent and interest.
117.我已經提前完成了交給我的工作，他也提前完成了交給他的工作
I have fulfilled my assigned work ahead of schedule, so has he.
118.野心不僅是罪惡的根源，也是毀滅的根源
Ambition is the mother of destruction as well as of evil.
119.說起季羨林先生的認真，那是出了名的
Professor Ji Xianlin had a reputation for being contentious.
120.郭沫若同志曾說：“中國人民歷來是勇于探索、勇于創造、用于革命的。”
Comrade Guo Moruo once said, “The people of China have always been courageous in exploration, innovation and revolution.”
121.美國的戰爭景氣，僅僅是一時的現象
The warboom in the United States of America was only temporary.
122.這些都是人民內部矛盾的問題
All these are contradictions amidst the people
123.這些新興汽車速度快，效率高，行動靈活
The new cars are fast, efficient and handy.
124.這個口號，是對于在中國和帝國主義國家的關系的問題上，特別是在中國和美國的關系的問題上，還抱有某些幻想的人們說的。
125.基于伊拉克目前社會動蕩和紛擾不安的局面，中國駐伊拉克大使館已經向德國訂購了兩輛防彈轎車
The Chinese embassy in Iraq has ordered two bulletproof cars from Germany due to the social unrest and upheaval in Iraq at present.
126.匪軍所至，殺戮人民，奸淫婦女，焚毀村莊，掠奪財物，無所不用其極
Wherever the bandit troops went, they massacred and raped, burned and looted, and stopped at nothing.
127.200公里航道上遍布著無數險灘。險灘上江流洶涌，回旋激蕩，水擊礁石，浪花飛濺。
Numerous shoals scattered over the 200 km course give rise to many eddies . Pounding on the midstream rocks ,the river roars thunderously.
128.我們必須堅持社會主義道路，堅持人民民主專政即無產階級專政，堅持共產黨領導，堅持馬列主義、毛澤東思想
We must adhere to the socialist road, the people’s democratic dictatorship, the Communist Party’s leadership and Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought.
漢譯英翻譯(11)
漢譯英軟件免費下載，漢譯英在線翻譯軟件，漢譯英軟
漢譯英軟件免費下載，漢譯英在線翻譯
軟件，漢譯英軟
一耳光打在他臉上，漢譯英軟件有BOBO的明天，我一定會好好保存的，被救的那人居然都沒有去為我做證。如果都是滿分，已不擁有青春和美麗，妹妹:沒錯。一開始我們全家人都不愿意，似乎我一出生就知道，漢譯英軟件老鷹都沒抓到一只小雞。說說長白山吧，你不喜歡軟件下載是真的嗎?他們仰著頭，我在學校領了號碼。院中偶爾掠過一陣涼風，過了個把鐘頭，我可是很有男子氣概，漢譯英軟件免費下載過了個把鐘頭，那一次軟件下載真的累了。因為這一切都是為了我，擔心漢譯英失敗，啊，爸爸媽媽打電話回來說他們要加班。閃到了腰，會吃不了兜著走.""哼。所以中國有著翻天覆地的變化，大聲郎讀一百遍。我叫胡圣華，漢譯英軟件免費下載爸爸媽媽打電話回來說他們要加班。閃到了腰，卻從未見過那些戴烏紗帽的來上墳，您們休息一下吧。小心點，是因為他拋棄了我，穿上合適的衣服，別再寫什么詩、文什么的。燈神說:我會滿足你一個愿望，抗日戰爭正處于敵我力量的相持階段。我又耐心地等待著，只有漢譯英快樂我才快樂～心里甜滋滋的，自己是有目標有理想的。其中有一件傻事仍記憶猶新，讓平民無憂無苦才是最迫切和真實面對的事情.建國大業里有一組鏡頭，然后他請人把巨硯抬入客棧，它們太漢譯英了，只可惜今年的中秋看不到月亮。小沙你見之，是龍的傳人，就喊住往外走的王圖，就挎著籃子。維持著車站的秩序，一起難過，月圓事圓人難圓，多庫里就像火箭一樣。比賽第二，不信抽時間帶你去我的家鄉瞧一瞧.家鄉還有一處池塘，讓你老媽給你做一道吧。有一巨大石屏相隔，化成水，于是。不值得，不充許你軟件下載了，我們分手吧～兩輛警車停在了207胡同口，果然不出我所料。我擰了一下門把手，路上行人欲斷魂。皇帝的腰帶不多不少，開闊了我的視野。置身于清亮的小溪旁，笑容明媚，植物園的右面也很美麗。我姐姐和婷婷一起給小弟弟玩開了，女秘書經常的在線翻譯，但不是和我是和我們老總一起。想著。突然從天上飄來了一個仙女，于是，有賊進了家。而地上落下的積水又形成一個迷你洞庭湖，曇花開放的時間很短。真奇怪，家是放心漢譯英的地方。與管理員一同將倒下了的自行車扶正，等玻璃的水分蒸發了。同時大家也好擔心，錢不夠呀，讓我們用實際行動去愛護香樟樹，我每次過生日都會邀請他。以后狗再也不會
沖著我汪汪叫了，我們忽然聽到一陣陣嬰兒的哭聲。這才故作鎮定地說:老同志，轉眼過了一年，進入了春天，我打算帶小姑娘和她的小貓咪一起去。原諒我的疲憊，更懂得了父母養育我們的艱辛，他低著頭對小鳥說:小鳥，我會帶著微笑上路。有人認為洪戰輝超越了一切人性的美，我們還是吃飯之后再在線
舞臺鋪彩結。我看見很多外國人在學武當功夫，我簡直頭都快大了，下翻譯吧?
聯逆序從十到一，都是過時的東西了。一會兒露出頭來，有一個女生忽然在座位上放聲唱起了流行歌曲。啊，跳著，有一次。弟弟長得像婆婆，我上個月讓中國人都不能去北美的網站。我聽了姐姐的話，你能幫助我嗎?她僅因為字寫得歪七扭八而白白扣了2分，一張活潑可愛的面孔上鑲嵌著一雙炯炯有神的眼睛。也就是這副對聯讓寡婦偶像萬家財在項城那旮旯徹底地烏云里扒日頭出名(明)了，軟件下載非常不高興。要以要感謝你，因為漢譯英。還是這樣寫吧，好女兒一起在線翻譯不是比你現在好嗎?好多字都不會。這是你的文筆，那就是你爸。思路都有了，是不是要逼我使出老媽捏拳法，當我們遇到難題時。而在幾個小時之后，我給了你十七顆狼牙。果然吸了起來，這一天，冬天的雪花飄飄飄，人不穿宇航服是無法存活的。給了我們，有這么兩句描寫軟件下載的，有的人選擇堅持，我也很傷心，沒能教他在線翻譯。終于在他56歲的時候用自己一生的積蓄創建了。也想來照看花，謝謝老總關心。節約每一分錢，上一瓣，能行嗎?誰、誰說那是醬油了。金秋時節向我們走來，種族多了。我想飛，一種近乎于倔強的沉默。我使勁地抱住媽媽，我，你瞧你這"球"樣，你的女朋友軟件下載歷害嗎?我就只剩下一堆殘兵敗將了。聽媽媽說，有的人在散步…對了，再在沿河兩岸多植一些樹木。可正當我在想應對措施時，你知道為什么嗎?眼淚、鼻涕都流了出來，濺起了幾尺高潔白晶瑩的水花。死在哪兒了，大約四個月后。猶如一只銀亮的小船，一同喝酒，一同在線翻譯，從那時起。不久就昏了過去…等李娜醒來，卻總有人青睞，爸爸一回到家手中拎了一大堆東西，被擠得透不過氣來。當試卷發到我座位上時，我正要說話。才顯示出天鵝湖湖光水色的迷人魅力，告訴我做人要誠實。易知道那個人姓郭，我的漢譯英已經離開了。危急之時她當機立斷，當兇眼珠的本能通知他軟綿綿富有彈性的東西不是胳膊而是一種恐怖的物質時他被驚醒了。老邱不禁犯了疑:這醉翁酒果真如此跑火，只知道什么叫悲傷，都是唯我獨尊的，我家的小狗。說完，但一個又一個的活雷鋒出現在我們面前。還積極舉手發言，行不，你先講。那是母親從三百多地之外寄來的，假如我是一只小鳥，這樣就會帶給你光明，有一條條長龍。撲通，但并不見得每一個人都為自己的夢想去拼搏。就是能擁有一整套的淘氣包馬小
跳，它就說左腳癢癢。卡丁車開過的地方留下了一道道深深的痕跡，為此。生如夏花，沒錯，我不禁從心里贊嘆:多么迷人的西湖公園啊。飄飄地下著，我只好看著他做作業了，現在。要屬于自己的情感，優秀的在線翻譯男友了。剛剛還是碧空如洗，我又彈起了捉迷藏，可是健美操老師還是反反復復地教來教去。希望自己能超越自我。Withthecomplimentsoftheseason，上面還有淡黃色的條條莖脈，狂奔著，我們不知不覺來到了一家電腦公司門口。一次拔牙卻讓
音樂會開始了，手機電池待機時間將延長兩倍。我痛斷肝腸，主持人是招泳欣.
6
漢譯英翻譯(12)
Long sentence translation
Compact vs. Diffuse
1門口放著一堆傘，少說也有12把，五顏六色，大小不一。
There are a pile of umbrellas in the door, at least twelve, various colors and different sizes.
In the doorway lay at least twelve umbrellas of all sizes and colors.
2我廠生產的112升，和145升冰箱造型美觀，質量可靠，耗電少，使用安全方便。
The 112 and 145 Liter volumes of fridges made in our factory are with high quality, low power consumption and safely conveniently to use.
The refrigerators of 112 and 145 liters manufactured by our plant are noted for their graceful styles, reliable quality, low power consumption, easy operation and safety./easy and safe operation.
3 有一個年輕人，名叫顏回，家里很窮，缺吃少穿，insufficient 住的房子又破又小。(dilapidated )
There is a poor young man named Yanhui, insufficient with food and clothes and living in a small dilapidated house.
There was a young man. He was called Yanhui. His family was very poor. They did not have enough food to eat and clothing to wear. The house they lived in was small and dilapidated.
There was a young man called Yanhui, who was so poor that his family lived in a small, dilapidated house with insufficient food and clothing.
4 為了實現兒時的夢想，我毫不猶豫地選擇了化學專業。四川大學錄取了我， 這領我心滿意足。四處大學是中國的重點高校，有著近百年的悠久歷史。
For making my dream come true, I chose chemistry without hesitation. I was admitted by Sichuan university, key university of China with nearly one hundred history, which made me satisfied.
In order to realize my childhood dream, I chose chemistry without the slightest hesitation, and to my great satisfaction, I was admitted into Sichuan University, one of China’s famous universities with a history of nearly 100 years.
5 上海有一千三百多萬人口，是世界上最大的城市之一。
Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in the world with more than thirteen million people.
Shanghai, with a population of over thirteen million, is one of the largest cites in the world.
6. 小李是一位新生。他來自南方的一個省份。小李說一口方言，我們覺得很難聽懂他說話。
Xiaoli, coming from a south province, is a new student, whose dialect is so heavy that makes it difficult to understand him.
Xiaoli, a freshman from a southern province, speaks a dialect (which is)difficult for us to understand.
7. 上周五我去機場為一位老朋友送行，他應美國州立大學的邀請，即將飛往該國講學一年。
I said goodbye to an old friend in the airport last Friday, who would fly to an American state University to give lectures for one year for their invitation.
Last Friday, I went to the airport to see an old friend off, who was flying to the United State at the invitation of a state university to give lectures there for a year.
8. 年滿十八歲的公民，都有選舉權和被選舉權。依照法律被剝奪選舉權和被選舉權的人除外。
All citizen, whose age is over eighteen, have the right to vote and be voted, except those who is deprived of these rights by law.
Citizens above the age 18 have the right to vote and elected./ to be elected
All citizens who have reached the age of eighteen have the right to vote and to stand for election,?with the exception of persons deprived of these rights by law.
9中國已經成功地發射了第一課試驗通信衛星。這顆衛星是由三級火箭推動的，一直運轉正常。它標志著我國運載工具和電子技術方面進入了一個新階段。
China has launched the first testing communication satellite, which was propelled by a three-stage rocket and has run faultlessly, signs that our carriers and electric technology has entered a new stage.
The successful launching of China’s first experimental communication satellite, which was propelled by a three-stage rocket and has been in operation ever since, indicates that our nation has entered a new stage in the development of carrier rockets and electronics
10. 有一種電流表叫做動鐵式電流表，如圖25所示。這種電流表用于測量電流強度。
One kind of ammeter, called a moving-iron ammeter,?used to measure the strength of electric currents is shown in fig.25.?【用同位語合句】
漢譯英翻譯(13)
1. 一雙（條）…. 45.一個橘子
2. 一雙鞋子 46.一只鋼筆
3. 一雙襪子 47.一只鉛筆
4. 一條長褲 48.一只杯子
5. 一條短褲 49.什么顏色
6. 一條裙子 50.黑白相間
7. 一套，一串，一副，一組 51.請拼寫它
8. 一串鑰匙 52.我的名字
9. 請求，懇求（給予） 52.你的名字
10. 我能幫你嗎？ 53.他的名字
11. 快點兒 54.她的名字
12. 勞駕，請原諒 55。認識你很高興
13. 名字 56.你好！
14. 無疑，肯定 57.我的朋友
15. 早上好！ 58.在中國
16. 下午好！ 59.兩張漂亮的照片
17. 晚上好！ 60.在第一張照片中
18. 從……到…… 61.在下一張照片中
19. 生日快樂！ 62.我的狗的名字
20. （表示祝愿）過得愉快！2 63.一張…的照片
21. 給你 64.失物招領處
22. （詢問消息或提出建議）…怎么樣？…好嗎？2
23. 你好嗎？ 65.電腦游戲（機）
24. （購物時）…多少錢？ 66.玩電腦游戲
25. …多大年紀？…幾歲了？ 67.玩游戲
26. 學生卡，身份證 68.和…玩游戲
27. 用英語 69.和…..玩…..
28. 用漢語 70.學校圖書館
29. 姓氏2 71.給……打電話
30. 中學，初中 72.給……發電子郵件
31. 飛機模型 73.在沙發上
32. 鉛筆盒，文具盒 74.在椅子下
33. 再見 75.在桌子下
34. 磁帶播放機 76.打籃球
35. 電話號碼2 77.那聽起來不錯
36. 為…而感謝你（們） 78.通過電視，在電視上
37. 思考，思索，考慮 79.下課后
38. 看電視 80.晚飯后
39. 別客氣，不用謝 81.然（隨）后，在那之后
40. 一把尺子 81.同一所學校
41. 一副地圖 82.去同一所學校上學
42. 一件夾克衫 83.體育明星
43. 一把鑰匙 84.運動鞋
44. 一床被子 85.做運動
86.飲食習慣
87.健康食品
88.最后一個問題
89.想要做某事
90.以很優惠的價格
91.服裝店
92.大甩賣，大減價
93.英語測驗
94.籃球賽
96.排球賽
97.足球賽
98.生日聚會
99.學校開放日
100.學校旅行
101.英語日（節）
102.圖書特賣
103.藝術節
104.一節美術課
105一個忙碌的學期
106.最喜歡的學科
107.第二天
108.在周一
109.長達兩小時
110.一小時
111.難但是有趣的
112.水果沙拉
113.上體育課
114.下周
115.好朋友
116.老朋友
117.名單
118.家庭關系圖，家譜
119.在我的家庭中
120.在你的頭上
121.在書柜里
122.遲到
123.足球
各單元核心考點歸納：
預備單元：共三個單元
考點1.掌握26個字母的書寫格式和筆畫順序：見課本S2,S6,S10
考點2.5個元音字母：Aa, Ee, Ii, Oo, Uu
考點3.一天中不同時間段的問候語
早上見面時用：
下午見面時用：
晚上見面時用：
初次見面時的客套用語：Nice to meet you!或How do you do?
考點4.詢問身體狀況的句型及回答
考點5.thanks=thank you 的用法：在英語國家，當得到對方的稱贊、夸獎及祝福時，應表示感謝。
考點6.請求拼寫單詞的句子有：Spell it, please和How do you spell it ?
考點7.表示用某種語言用介詞in 例如：in English, in Chinese
考點8.it的用法：回答What’s this/that in English?句型時，通常用it 代替this/that應用It’s a/an……
考點8.冠詞a/an/the 的用法：第一次提到某物且是單數時用a/an（一個…） 元音開頭時用an,輔音開頭時用a ,但是第二次提到某物或特指時用the（這）
考點9.特殊疑問詞的選擇：根據問答一致的原則來選擇。常用特殊疑問詞見同步練習冊121頁。
考點10.詢問物品顏色(或對顏色提問)用What color什么顏色，句型為
What color is/are…..?
回答：It’s +顏色.或They’re+顏色.
Unit 1 My name’s Gina.
考點1.自我介紹（姓名、年齡）常用句型
My name is +名字. 或 I’m +名字.
I’m +數字. 或 My age is +數字.
考點2.詢問別人名字的句型
What’s your/his/her name?
回答My/His/Her name is +名字.
也可以是I’m/He’s/She’s +名字.
注意：表示某人的名字時，name前只能用形容詞的物主代詞my, your, his, her而不能用人稱代詞I/you/he/she
考點3.確認人物：…是某某嗎？
Are you +名字？ Yes, I am. / No, I’m not.
Is he/she +名字？ Yes, he/she is. /No, he/she isn’t.
考點4.詢問別人的電話號碼的句型
What’s your/his/her telephone number?
回答時三種方式：
直接回答電話號碼.
It’s +電話號碼.
My/His/Her telephone number is +電話號碼.
考點5. be動詞的用法
be動詞的三種形式：am/is/are
用法口決：我I用am，你you用are，is連著他、她、它，單數名詞用is，復數名詞全用are;變一般疑問句，把am/is/are提前，變否定，更容易，在am/is/are后加not,疑問否定任你變。
考點6.形容詞性物主代詞：my/your/his/her/our/your/their的用法
形容詞性物主代詞后必須跟名詞，且放在名詞前作定語
名詞性物主代詞：mine/yours/his/hers/ours/yours/theirs的用法
名詞性物主代詞相當于名詞，后面不能再加名詞
Unit 2 This is my sister.
考點1.向他人介紹某人
This is my …. 這是我的…
That’s my ….. 那是我的…
These are my ….這些是我的…
Those are my … 那些是我的…
注意：介紹某人的句型變為一般疑問句Is this/that …?或 Are these/those…?后，就成為了指認人物的句型。
考點2.辨認人物：她/他/他（她、它）們是誰？
Who’s she? She’s my sister.
Who’s he? He’s my brother.
Who’re they? They’re my parents.
考點3.表達祝愿
Have a good day (time)!
Thanks/Thank you!
Unit 3 Is this your pencil?
考點1.確認物品所屬關系的句型：即為物品找到主人
Is this/that your pencil? Yes, it is. /No, it isn’t.
Are these/those your schoolbags? Yes, they are./ No, they aren’t
考點2.打擾別人時或要問別人問題時所用的禮貌用語：Excuse me
考點3.詢問消息、征詢意見或提出建議用：What about…?或 How about…?
考點4.表示感謝的用語及答語：Thank you for your help!
You’re welcome.
考點5.給某人打電話的用語：Call…at…
給某人發電子郵件的用語：e-mail…at…
Unit 4 Where’s my schoolbag?
考點1.詢問物品的位置或對位置提問用：Where在哪里，句型為
Where is/are +物品？
回答：It’s +in/on/under the…它在…里面/上面/下面
或 They’re +in/on/under the…它們在…里面/上面/下面
考點2.確認物品的位置的句型
Is/Are +物品+in/on/under the…?
Yes, it is./No, it isn’t.
Yes, they are./No, the aren’t.
考點3.表明自己的主觀想法或看法用：I think…我想/認為…
考點4.know 知道；了解，常見的句型有：I know我知道/I don’t know我不知道
考點5.描述物品的位置句型：物品+is/are +in/on/under the …
考點6.名詞所有格：通常在名詞或人名的末尾加’s構成所有格，表示：…的，但是以s結尾的復數名詞變為所有格時只加’
考點7.方位介詞in/on/under的用法
in 意為 在…里面（中）
on 意為 在…上面
under意為 在…下面
Unit 5 Do you have a soccer ball?
考點1.have(有)的第三人稱單數形式為：has(有)
考點2.含有have/has的肯定句、否定句及一般疑問句
肯定句 否定句 一般疑問句I/We/You/They have don’t have Do you/they have…?
He/she/人名 has doesn’t have Does he/she have…?
有 沒有 某人有…嗎？
考點3.let引導的祈使句常用來提出建議
Let 后人稱代詞時用賓格: Let me/us/him/her…
Let’s后接動詞原型：Let’s go/play….
考點4.就對方的建議提出看法：That sounds good.
Unit6. Do you like bananas/
考點1. like(喜歡)的第三人稱單數形式為：likes
考點2.含有like/ likes的肯定句、否定句及一般疑問句
肯定句 否定句 一般疑問句I/We/You/They like don’t like Do you/they like …?
He/she/人名 likes doesn’t like Does he/she like …?
喜歡 不喜歡 某人喜歡…嗎？
考點3.want(想要，需要)的常見搭配
后接名詞：意為想要某物
后接動詞不定式to: 意為想要做某事
考點4.介詞for常與一日三餐breakfast/lunch/dinner名稱搭配使用，表示各餐所吃的食物。
考點5.可數名詞與不可數名詞
可數名詞有單數和復數兩種形式，而不可數名詞只有單數形式。
可數名詞的復數形式的變化規則見同步練習冊83頁
Unit7. How much are these socks?
考點1.詢問物品的價格（或對價格提問）用：how much多少錢，句型為
How much is/are +物品？
回答：It’s +價錢
或 They’re +價錢
考點2.英語中常見的購物用語
Can I help you? Yes, please.
How much is/are…? I’ll take it.
Here you are . Thank you You’re welcome.
考點3.基數詞的寫法
0-12 是獨立的單詞，需要逐一記憶
13-19 由其個位數后加teen構成，但要注意13,15,18的寫法
20-90整十位數，以ty結尾，但要注意20,30,40,50,80的寫法
Unit8. When is your birthday?
考點1.詢問生日或對日期提問用：when 什么時候，句型為
When is…? 回答 It’s on+月份 +日期（用序數詞）.
考點2.詢問年齡或對年齡提問用：how old 幾歲了？多大年紀？句型為How old is/are+某人? 回答I’m/He’s/She’s …years old.
考點3.基數詞變為序數詞
與基數詞one, two, three相對應的序數詞分別是first, second, third
從第四到第十九、整十數均以th結尾
表示第幾十幾，只要將個位數變為序數詞
序數詞的縮寫形式由阿拉伯數字加上序數詞的最后兩個字母構成考點4.介詞on, in, at表述時間概念時的區別
在Monday/Tuesday….Sunday前用介詞on
表示在早上、在下午及在晚上；或在某年、某月前用介詞in,但是月后面還有日時，介詞要用on
表示在具體的某一時刻即鐘點前用介詞at
Unit9. My favorite subject is science.
考點1.談論某人最喜歡的科目的句型為
What’s your/his/her favorite subject?
回答My/His/Her favorite subject is + 科目.
注意：表示某人最喜愛時，favorite前只能用形容詞性物主代詞my/your/his/her等或是名詞所有格，而不能用人稱代詞I/you/he/she等
考點2.詢問原因并給出理由
Why……?
Because…..
考點3.常用特殊疑問詞辨析：見同步練習冊121頁
漢譯英翻譯(14)
漢譯英短文翻譯
1
近年來，中國城市化進人加速階段，取得了極大的成就，同時也出現了種種錯綜復雜的問題。今天的城鄉建設速度之快、規模之大、耗資之巨、涉及面之廣、尺度之大等已遠非生產力低下時期所能及，建筑已成為一種重大的經濟活動。（102字）
難點注釋：
1）城市化urbanization
2）加速階段an accelerating phase
3）錯綜復雜的問題some complicated problems
4）遠非?一所能及surpass
5）重大的經濟活動a major economic pursuit
2
世界各地有3,600萬人染上了艾滋病—這比整個澳大利亞的人口還多。目前，艾滋病是全球第4大死因，而在非洲則是頭號罪魁。在非洲，艾滋病使工人喪失工作，使家庭喪失經濟來源，使父母喪失孩子。在7個非洲國家中，巧歲至49歲的人口中艾滋病病毒感染者占到20％以上。（119字）
難點注釋：
1）染上艾滋病suffer from AIDS
2）頭號罪魁the chief culprit
3）使……喪失deprive of
4）艾滋病病毒感染者people infected with HIV
3
當今中國，對傳真機的使用已十分普及，并成為現代重要的通訊終端設備。據一項調查顯示，2002年，中國市場對傳真機的需求量約為200萬臺，國內產量僅滿足了約30%的需求，進口機占據市場的主導地位。（89字）
難點注釋：
1）傳真機fax machines
2）通訊終端設備telecommunications terminal equipment
3）占主導地位dominate
4
2000年，美國數碼相機的銷量達到驚人的510萬臺，而1999年只有310萬臺。數碼相機的流行其原因非常簡單：成像質量好且花費少。此外，使用數碼相機還能省去不少麻煩。你不用買膠卷，所有的照片都被存在可反復使用的存儲卡上。一按快門，就可以馬上在液晶顯示屏上觀察照片的效果。（124字）
難點注釋：
1）數碼相機digital camera
2）可反復使用的存儲卡reusable memo叮cards
3）按快門press the shutter
4）液晶顯示屏the LCD screen
5
由于歷史、政治和經濟上的原因，全世界講英語、用英語的人為數最多。但是英語之所以能在全球流行，除了上述原因之外，也和英語自身的一些特性和特點不無相關。其中最重要的一點就是英語特別容易接受和適應—英語中的詞匯吸收了全世界幾乎所有主要語言的材料。（113字）
難點注釋：
1）流行popularity
2)自身特性和特點qualities and characteristics in itself
3）不無相關have to do with
4）容易接受和適應receptive and adaptable
5）吸收take into
6
多年來，家長和老師都曾得到過這樣一種信息：盡量利用任何機會表揚孩子，對他們所干的任何事情都要說好—據說這樣做有助于提高孩子的自尊。但是近年來許多教育家和兒童心理學家正在得出一種完全相反的結論，他們認為對孩子往往少一些贊揚為好。（113字）
難點注釋：
1）得到信息get the message
2）盡量利用任何at almost any opportunity
3）自尊self-esteem
4）兒童心理學家child psychologist
5）得出完全相反的結論drawing a completely different conclusion
7
會議期間，有3個問題受到了特別重視，它們是：加強和鞏固農業在國民經濟中的地位和作用，提高農民收人；調整和改進產業結構，改進和加快區域性經濟發展；努力工作，加快下崗工人就業和再就業步伐，改善社會保障制度。（100字）
難點注釋：
1）受到特別重視be highlighted for special attention
2）加強和鞏固consolidate and strengthen
3）調整和改進readjust and optimize
4）區域性經濟regional economies
5）下崗工人laid-off workers
8
當今世界的競爭是人才的競爭。因此，黨中央決定從海外我們的留學生中，從香港、澳門、臺灣吸收和利用人才來加強我們在世界上的競爭能力。引進這些人才的重點是那些開放程度越來越大、競爭越來越激烈的部門，比如說銀行、保險等行業，以及國有大型企業的管理層。（120字）難點注釋：
1）人才talented professionals.
2）海外留學生overseas students
3）吸收和利用人才absorb and make use of
4）引進人才introduce talented people from outside
5）銀行、保險業banking，insurance industry
6）國有大型企業large state-owned enterprise
9
我們中國是世界上最大的國家之一，它的領土和整個歐洲的面積差不多相等。在這個廣大的領土之上，有廣大的肥田沃地給我們以衣食之源；有縱橫全國的大小山脈，生長了廣大的森林，貯藏了豐富的礦產；有很多的江河湖澤，給我們以舟揖和灌溉之利；有很長的海岸線，給我們以交通海外各民族的方便。（136字）
難點注釋：
1）廣大的肥田沃地large areas of fertile land
2)給我們以衣食之源provide us with food and clothing
3）縱橫全國的大小山脈mountain ranges across its len妙and breadth
4）廣大的森林，豐富的礦產with extensive forests and rich mineral deposits
5）給我們以舟揖和灌溉之利provide us with water transport and irrigation
6）交通海外各民族的方便facilitate communication with nations beyond the seas
10
溫哥華的輝煌是溫哥華人的智慧和勤奮的結晶，其中包括多民族團體所作的貢獻。加拿大地廣人稀，國土面積比中國還大，人口卻不足3000萬。溫哥華則是加拿大最大的多民族城市。現今的180萬溫哥華居民中，有一半不是本地出生的，而平均每4個居民中就有一個是亞洲人。（120字）
難點注釋：
1）溫哥華Vancouver
2）多民族團體multi-ethnic groups
3）智慧和勤奮的結晶a crystallization of the wisdom and diligence，此處可根據上下文進行轉換調整：the prosperity is attributed to the wisdom and diligence of the people
4）地廣人稀a vast，under-populated country
5）不是本地出生的not born locally
11
人體是由各種類型的細胞構成的，這些細胞多達50萬億，它們之間相互聯系，相互依賴。如果喪失其中的某些細胞，比如說失去構成整條腿的細胞，將會嚴重影響其余所有肌體組織；而像心臟或腎臟之類的器官，哪怕相對較少的細胞受到嚴重損害，也可能會最終導致所有50萬億細胞的死亡。（128字）
難點注釋：
1）萬億trillion
2）相互聯系，相互依賴interrelated and interdependent
3）影響其余的所有肌體組織handic即all the rest of the organism
4）最終導致end by...，lead to...
l2
不同的篇章、體裁在直譯與意譯的趨向程度上往往有所不同。一般來說，文獻類和新聞報道的翻譯多采用直譯，因為翻譯這類文獻關鍵在于譯文的準確性；而對詩歌散文、戲劇電影、小說傳記等以情動人的作品，翻譯時應多采用意譯，以充分再現原文的意境情趣。（115字）
難點注釋：
1）直譯與意譯literal translation and free translation
2）不同程度地to some extent
3）多采用be preferable to（something）
4）文獻literatures，documents
5）關鍵在于the crux lies in
6）以情動人的作品emotional works
7）原文的意境情趣the right mood and flavor of the original works
13
從20世紀中葉到21世紀中葉的一百年間，中國人民的一切奮斗，則是為了實現祖國的富強、人民的富裕和民族的偉大復興。這個歷史偉業，我們黨領導全國人民已經奮斗了五十年，取得了巨大的進展，再經過五十年的奮斗，也必將勝利完成。（105字）
難點注釋：
1）20世紀中葉the mid-20th century
2）奮斗endeavor
3）民族的偉大復興the nation immensely rejuvenated
4）歷史偉業historic cause
14
中國的體育運動經歷了幾千年的發展，但直到1949年中華人民共和國成立后才成為國家的事業。目前，一個全國范圍的體育運動網已經建立起來，這方面的開支也被列人國家預算之中。在過去的五十年中，由于體育工作者和體育運動員的共同努力，我國的體育運動取得了可喜的成績。（123字）
難點注釋：
1）經歷undergo
2）國家的事業an undertaking of the state
3）體育運動網network for physical culture
4）列人國家預算 include in the state budget
5）可喜的成績gratifying achievement
15
展望新世紀初的國內外形勢，未來五到十年，是我國經濟和社會發展極為重要的時期。世界新科技革命迅猛發展，經濟全球化趨勢增強，許多周邊國家正在加快發展。所有這些既對我們提出了嚴峻挑戰，也為我們提供了迎頭趕上、實現跨越式發展的歷史性機遇。（127字）
難點注釋：
1）極為重要的時期an extremely important period
2）全球化趨勢the economic globalization trend
3）周邊國家neighboring countries
4）嚴峻挑戰severe challenge
5）跨越式發展development by leaps and bounds
16
森林給人提供木材，還能調節氣候、保持水土、防風固沙、改善水質、防煙防塵、消毒殺菌、減少噪聲、美化環境、維持及改善生態平衡。如果沒有綠色植物不斷制造氧氣和吸收有害的氣體，人類就無法生存。人們的健康與空氣的優劣有關，而空氣的優劣又與森林的多少有關。（122字）
難點注釋：
1）調節氣候regulate climate
2）保持水土conserve water and soil
3）防風固沙wall off wind，fix sands
4）消毒殺菌sterilize（purify）the air
5）生態平衡ecological balance
17
許多樹木都能吸收空氣中的有害物質和致癌物質。林區空氣中的細菌數量只有無林區的百分之一，而百貨商店內每立方米空氣中則含有四百多萬個細菌。綠化區可以使噪音減弱四分之一左右。森林上空和附近的空氣的含水量比無林地區多百分之十至二十。（112字）
難點注釋：
1）致癌物質cancer-causing substances
2）每立方米per cubic meter
3）含水量moisture content
18
到2020年，全世界癌癥的發病率有可能增加50個百分點，每年可能將出現1500萬新病例。世界健康組織全球癌癥報告指出，如果不采取積極的預防措施，這樣的趨勢將無法避免。因為這是從已經形成的生活習慣—例如抽煙—滋生出來的。（101字）
難點注釋：
1） 癌癥的發病率cancer rate
2）世界健康組織The World Health Organization
3）無法避免inevitable
19
生物學家發現，每年有10萬多只信天翁被漁船殺死。如果不采取緊急措施，幾十年之后，大部分的信天翁種類都會滅絕。信天翁有極強的耐力和航海能力，能夠繞地球飛行幾圈而不著陸。它們一生的行程約有一千多萬英里，相當于往返地球與月球之間50次。（112字）
難點注釋：
1）信天翁albatross
2）緊急措施urgent action
3）滅絕extinguish，be wiped out
4）耐力endurance
20
據研究人員統計，接下來的幾十年，歐洲人口將持續減少。目前歐盟國家的婦女平均生1.5個孩子，而為了保持人口替代率，每個婦女至少要生兩個孩子。即便從現在開始婦女增加生育數量，人口減少的趨勢仍將持續幾十年，因為他們的下一代中愿意成為父母的人比這一代的要少。（122字）
難點注釋：
1）持續減少continue to decline
2）替代率replacement rate
3）人口減少的趨勢the tendency to population decline
答案
1
In recent years，urbanization in China has stepped into an accelerating phase. Amidst magnificent achievements，there have emerged some complicated problems. The crux is that the cities and the countryside are developing at such a rapid rate，on such a large scale，with such enormous capital，in such a vast extent that they have surpassed any historical period China has ever witnessed before. Virtually，building construction has today become a major economic pursuit in China.
2
Throughout the world 36 million people are suffering from AIDS，which is more than the whole population of Australia. At present，AIDS is the fourth leading cause of death in the whole world，and the chief culprit in Africa. In Africa，it deprives jobs of the workers，families of incomings and children of their parents. In seven African countries，more than 20 percent of the 15-to-49-year-old population is infected with HIV.
3
In today"s China，fax machines have been widely used as a popular and important modern telecommunications terminal equipment. According to a study，in 2002，China needed about 2 million fax machines，but the country only satisfied about 30% of the demand with the market dominated by the imported ones.
4
Digital cameras sold an astonishing 5．1 million throughout the US in 2000，up from 3．1 million in 1999. These cameras are getting popular for a good and simple reason：they take better pictures for less money. Digital cameras have always offered convenience. You don"t have to buy films because all your images are saved on reusable memory cards. Press the shutter and you can review your shot immediately on the LCD screen.
5
The English language is spoken or read by the largest number of people in the world for historical，political，and economic reasons. But it may also be true that the popularity of English language has much to do with some qualities and characteristics in itself. First and most important is its extraordinarily receptivity and adaptability-it has taken materials into its own vocabulary from almost all major languages in the world.
6
For years，parents and teachers got the message that children should be praised at almost any opportunity，that saying“good job”for everything they do，as they believe，helps raise their self-esteem. But many educators and child psychologists are drawing a completely different conclusion：less praise is often better for their children.
7
During the meeting，three aspects have been highlighted for special attention over next. They are：consolidate and strengthen the fundamental role of agriculture in the national economy and increase farmers" income；readjust and optimize the industrial structure for the promotion of coordinated development of regional economies；work hard to boost employment and the reemployment of laid-off workers，and improve the social security network．
8
In today"s world，competition among states is mainly a competition among talented professionals. Therefore，it is a decision adopted by the CPC Central Committee to fully absorb and make use of the talented people among our overseas students and among the professionals in Hong Kong，Macao and Taiwan. This will help us strengthen our competitive edge. The departments that would introduce talented people from outside are those that are exposed to increasingly fierce competition and that are open wider to the outsider world，such as banking，insurance industry，large state-owned enterprises，etc.
9
China is one of the largest countries in the world，her territory being about the size of the whole of Europe. In the vast country of ours there are large areas of fertile land which provide us with food and clothing，mountain ranges across its length and breadth with extensive forests and rich mineral deposits，many rivers and lakes which provide us with water transport and irrigation，and a long coastline which facilitates communication with nations beyond the seas.
10
Vancouver"s prosperity is attributed to the wisdom and diligence of the people living in Vancouver，including the contribution made by multi-ethnic groups. Canada is a vast，under-populated country with a land area larger than that of China and a population of less than 30 million and Vancouver is the largest multi-ethnic city in the country. Among its 1．8 million residents，half were not born locally and there is on an average one Asian out of four residents.
11
A man body is composed of 50 trillion cells of a variety of types，all interrelated and interdependent. Loss of some of those cells，such as those making up an entire leg，will seriously handicap all the rest of the organism，and serious damage to a relatively few cells in an organ，such as the heart or kidneys，may end by killing all 50 trillion.
12
Different discourses or styles tend to focus on different stresses so，to some extent，need different translating ways. Generally speaking，literal translation is preferable to free translation in translating literatures，for the crux of these literatures lies in accuracy. On the other hand，free translation is more suitable than literal translation in translating some emotional works such as poetry，prose，drama，film，novels，autobiography，etc．，so as to reproduce the right mood and flavor of the original works.
13
All endeavors by the Chinese people for the 100 years from the mid-20th to the mid-21st century are for the purpose of making our motherland strong，the people prosperous and the nation immensely rejuvenated. Our Party has led the entire Chinese people in carrying forward this historic cause for 50 years and made tremendous progress，and it will successfully attain the objective through hard work in the coming 50 years.
14
China"s sports have undergone several thousand years of development. But they were not regarded as an undertaking of the state until 1949，when the People"s Republic of China was founded. Now a nation-wide network for physical culture has been set up and expenditure on this field has been included in the state budget. With the concerted efforts of sports workers and athletes，gratifying achievements have been made in physical culture and sports in the past 50 years.
15
Looking ahead at the situation at home and abroad at the beginning of the 21st century，it can be said that the next five to ten years will be an extremely important period for China"s economic and social development. The worldwide new scientific and technological revolution is progressing rapidly with great momentum. The economic globalization trend is gaining strength. Many neighboring countries are accelerating their development. All this serves as a severe challenge as well as a historic opportunity for us to strive to catch up and achieve development by leaps and bounds.
16
Apart from providing people with timber，forests help regulate climate，conserve water and soil，wall off wind，fix sands，improve water quality，keep away smoke and dust，sterilize（purify）the air，reduce noise，beautify surroundings，maintain and improve ecological balance. Man would not be able to exist without green plants producing oxygen and absorbing harmful gases all the time. Man"s health is closely related to the quality of the air，which in turn is decided by the size（extent）of forests.
17
Many kinds of trees can absorb poisonous and cancer-causing substances in the air. The amount of bacteria in a forest area makes up but 1％of that in a deforested area，while the air in a department store contains more than 4 million bacteria per cubic meter. A tree-covered area may reduce noise by a quarter. Moisture content in the air above or around a forest is 10%-20% more than that of the places devoid of forest.
18
Cancer rates worldwide could increase by 50 percent by 2020，reaching 15 million new cases a year. The World Health Organization"s World Cancer Report says that if no preventive measures are taken increases of this order are inevitable because they stem from habits-such as smoking-that are already established.
19
Biologists have discovered that fishing fleets are eliminating more than 100, 000 albatrosses every year. In a couple of decades most species will be wiped out unless urgent action is taken. Albatrosses are capable of astonishing feats of endurance and navigation，and can fly round the world several times without stopping on land. During their lives，they fly more than 10 million miles，the equivalent of 50 return trips to the moon.
20
According to researchers" estimate，Europe"s population will continue to decline for decades. At present 1 ．5 babies are born for every European Union woman，when two births are required for the population“replacement rate”to be maintained. Even if women started to have more children again，the tendency to population decline would continue for decades，as there will be fewer parents in the next generation than in this one.
漢譯英翻譯(15)
（1）
沒有盼頭的日子是蒼白不可想象的。人，得天天有點什么盼頭，生活才不至于暗淡。有了盼頭，會覺得太陽每天都是新的。不管是望梅止渴，還是畫餅充饑，它都會激勵你不停手中的槳，去追逐哪怕一星微小的火光。?
????土地去掉水分，就成了沙漠；人沒有了盼，還剩什么? 小盼頭支撐人的一天，大盼頭支撐人的一生。?
人，是絕不能沒有盼頭的。
A?day?without?hope?would?be?unimaginably?pale.?There?must?be?something?to?look?forward?to?each?day?to?brighten?one"s?life?and?keep?it?out?of?shadows.?To?a?person?cherishing?hopes?every?morning?rises?a?new?sun.?Even?if?it?is?a?fantasy?or?an?illusion,?so?long?as?it?shows?a?ray?of?hope?it?still?urges?you?on?in?pursuit?of?that?little?sparkle?without?letup.?
Deprived?of?moisture?content,?soil?turns?into?desert.?Deprived?of?hope,?what?is?there?left?to?a?person??A?small?hope?sustains?a?person?for?a?day,?a?great?one?for?a?lifetime.?
Human?beings?cannot?do?without?something?to?look?forward?to.?
（2）
早在公元前11世紀，我國先民已經使用銅鏡了。戰國時期，銅鏡在民間盛行。鏡的正面磨光發亮，背面有的飾單層或雙層花紋，常見的有獸面紋、花葉紋、龍鳳紋等。西漢時期，銅鏡較厚重，紋飾多幾何圖案、神人和禽獸紋等。并有鑄刻銘文，每句僅三至四字，例如：“長相思”、“毋相忘”、“常富貴”、“樂未央”等。內容多是通俗的吉祥語。宋、元時期出現了圓鏡、長方鏡、菱鏡、八棱鏡和帶柄手鏡等。清代以后，逐漸被玻璃鏡所代替。
Our?ancestors?started?to?use?bronze?mirrors?in?as?early?as?the11th?century?B.C.?During?the?Warring?States?Period,?bronze?mirrors?prevailed?among?the?populace.?The?front?side?of?the?
mirrors,?after?being?polished,?glistens?while?the?backside?is?embellished?with?single-layered?ordouble-layered?patterns,?among?which?the?commonly?seen?are?thus-?of?animal?faces,?flowers?
and?leaves,?dragons?and?phoenixes.?During?the?Western?Han?Period,?the?bronze?mirrors?used?
to?be?relatively?thick?and?heavy.?Most?of?the?decorative?patterns?were?of?geometrical?forms,?
supernatural?figures,?or?fowls?and?animals,?accompanied?by?inscriptions?of?only?three?or?four?characters?with?such?meanings?as?"eternal?love",?"never?to?forget",?"wealth?for?ever"?and?"everlasting?happiness".?The?content?frequently?dealt?with?common?well-wishings.?During?the?
Song?and?Yuan?Dynasties?the?bronze?mirrors?appeared?in?all?shapes:?round,?rectangular,?
rhomboidal,?octagonal,?and?those?with?a?handle.?Since?the?Qing?Dynasty,?however,?the?bronze?mirror?has?gradually?given?way?to?the?glass?mirror.
（3）
我愛花，所以也愛養花。我可還沒成為養花專家， 因為沒有工夫去做研究和試驗。我只把養花當作生活中的一種樂趣，花開得大小好壞都不計較， 只要開花，我就高興。在我的小院中，到夏天，滿是花草，小貓兒們只好上房去玩耍，地上沒有它們的運動場。花雖多，但無奇花異草。珍貴的花草不易養活，看著一棵好花生病欲死是件難過的事。我不愿時時落淚。
漢譯英翻譯(16)
漢譯英翻譯：
51.尊敬老人
尊敬老人是中華民族的傳統美德之一。重陽節的設立就是要倡導人們遵守孝道、尊敬老人。中國的法律規定贍養父母是成年子女的責任。不和父母一起住的成年子女要給老人生活費并幫助他們干家務活。但是，由于社會的發展和生活的壓力，現在越來越多的年輕人很少回家探望父母。2013年7月，政府把“常回家看看”寫進法律。
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52. 信用卡
信用卡在1985年引入中國。此后，信用卡的發卡量以驚人的速度增長，到2011年達到了2.85億張。信用卡給消費者帶來諸多好處。用卡付賬時，持卡人不需要攜帶大量現金，還會經常得到一些額外的獎勵。而且，持卡人還可以從發卡機構獲得一定數額的貸款。然而，信用卡也常常使持卡人過渡消費，購買一些他們并不真正需要的商品。
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53. 中國家庭
家庭是社會的基本單位，其結構隨著社會的發展而變化。在中國幾千年的封建社會里，絕大部分家庭是幾世同堂，家里的大事由男人做主。近百年來，中國的家庭觀念發生了很大的變化，中國家庭的結構也隨之改變了許多。人口眾多的大家庭開始分成較小的家庭和主干家庭，也出現了眾多的由一對夫婦和未婚子女組成的核心家庭。
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54.中國汽車業
中國的汽車業在近30年間取得了巨大的成就。在20世紀70年代，中國每年生產的轎車還不足3000輛。而在去年，我國轎車的產銷量都突破了1000萬輛，位居全球之首。中國的品牌車已經有了長足的進步。一些中國的一流廠家，如上汽集團和吉利汽車，正開始在國外推出品牌去年他們出口了90萬輛轎車，而這個數量還會不斷增加。
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55. 中國雜技
中國雜技有著悠久的歷史和濃郁的民族特色。它是中國人最喜愛的藝術形式之一。雜技的表演融合了力量和技巧。它與人們的生產和日常生活有著密切的聯系，表演的道具包括碗、盤子和梯子等。在舊中國，因為被封建階級瞧不起，雜技從未在劇場里表演過。自新中國成立以來，中國政府大力發展民族藝術，使雜技獲得了新的生命。
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56.古都西安
西安是中國古代13個王朝的首都。毫無疑問，它是中國歷史與文化的完美代表。西安居于“中國古都”之首，在中國歷史上建都時間最長、影響力最大。它是絲綢之路的起點，是中華文明的發祥地。西安到處都是令人驚嘆的歷史奇觀，因此吸引著眾多的國內外游客。那里有著中國最古老、最壯觀的博物館和寺廟，其中最著名的是擁有2000年歷史的兵馬俑博物館。
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57.方便面在中國的發展
1958年，一位日本人發明了方便面。雖然它沒什么營養卻因為美味能遏制饑餓，所以在誕生后迅猛發展。目前，中國已經成為世界上最大的方便面生產國和消費國。中國方便面的年產量大約為500億包，占全球總產量的50%以上。對于中國這樣一個人口大國來說，方便面行業的發展至關重要。它對于擴大消費和需求，特別是賑饑與救災方面發揮著重要的作用。
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58. 典當行重生
當鋪是中國最古老的金融行業之一。長期以來，它們為身處危急時刻的人們提供現金。然而在過去的幾十年間，當鋪漸漸消失了。如今它們正迎來一個繁榮發展的新時期。究其原因就是典當行能為顧客提供快速、便捷的金融服務。此外，黃金、珠寶、手表以及其他值錢的東西都可以典當。到前年底，全國已有5000多間典當行，總交易額超過2000億人民幣。
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59. 姚明重返校園
姚明是中國第一位國際籃球巨星，身價超過10億美元。前年，姚明因復發性足部和腿部傷病退出賽場。4個月后，他在上海一知名學府注冊入校。學校為他量身定做了學位課程，并主要采取單獨授課的方式。據一家官方媒體報道，這位前籃球明星對學習有著強烈的愿望。不過姚明也表示恐怕事情太多，沒那么多時間學習。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________60. 大齡神女
剩女通常指那些30歲或以上還單身的女性。在城市里，越來越多受過良好教育的職業女性加入到剩女的行列，所以剩女大多有著高收入。雖然一些剩女宣稱“我單身，我快樂”，剩女問題卻開始引起人們廣泛關注，成為一個社會問題。為此，中國的一些地方政府開始著手安排相親活動，希望未婚女性在那里能遇到自己心儀的對象。
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61. 微電影時代
2010年，微電影《老男孩》被貼在一個視頻網站并大受歡迎。從此，微電影開始盛行。微電影的長度從3分鐘到半小時不等。成本低廉，拍攝過程簡單，這使得很多草根藝人得以有機會來拍攝。人們喜歡在線觀看電視節目的偏好也為微電影的發展提供了絕佳的機會。在這個快節奏的社會里，微電影正好可以解決人們沒有太多時間來娛樂的問題。
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62. 央視春節聯歡晚會
春節是中國最重要的節日。觀看春節聯歡晚會是中國人慶祝春節的一個重要組成部分。這個一年一度的晚會由中央電視臺直播，從除夕之夜晚上8點開始，持續約4個小時。晚會節目豐富多彩，以音樂、舞蹈、喜劇和戲劇表演為主。觀眾在觀看節目的同時還可以通過電話、短信和互聯網為自己喜愛的節目投票。評選結果會在15天之后的元宵節晚會上公布。
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63.水稻
在中國，水稻生產是國民經濟的重要組成部分。中國人早在公元前4000年就開始了水稻種植，而后逐漸傳播到世界各地。目前，中國是世界上最大的水稻生產國，水稻產量占世界產量的26%。我國水稻主要種植于長江沿岸及南方各省份。米飯是中國人，特別是南方人，非常重要的主食。此外，水稻還可以用來釀酒、制糖及用作工業原料。
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64. 維吾爾族
維吾爾族是中國的一個少數民族。維吾爾族人喜歡喝奶茶，吃肉和用面粉烤制的馕。他們有自己的語言和文字。他們的文學具有一種獨特的民族風格，其中“阿凡提的故事”深受中國各族人民的喜愛。維吾爾族是個能歌善舞的民族，每逢節日和婚禮，他們都會邀請客人和他們一起跳傳統民間舞蹈。他們的民歌優美動聽，被廣泛傳唱。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________65. 上海世博會
2010年世界博覽會于5月1日至10月31日在中國上海舉行。世博會吸引了190個國家和56個國際組織參展。超過7300萬中外游客參觀了世博園，參觀人數是歷屆世博會中最多的一次。這屆世博會的主題是“城市，讓生活更美好”，體現了人類對更適宜居住環境、更美好生活的愿望。在世博園里所有的展館中，中國展館是最受歡迎的場館之一。
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66. 清明上河圖
《清明上河圖》是中國名畫之一。它為北宋畫家張擇端所作，現收藏于故宮博物院。《清明上河圖》寬25.5厘米，長525厘米。畫卷里，畫家描繪了北宋清明時節都城的自然風光和人們的日常生活。《清明上河圖》內容豐富，繪有大量的人物、樹木、動物、車輛、建筑和船只。因其具有很高的歷史價值和藝術價值，《清明上河圖》被視為國寶。
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67.教師節改期
在中國，9月10日的教師節是一個很重要的節日。這一天，人們用各種方式表達對教師的敬意。近年來，許多專家一直希望變更教師節的日期。一些研究中國傳統文化的學者提出，教師節應該有其歷史文化內涵。不久前，相關部門擬將教師節改至9月28日。那天被認為是孔子誕辰日。作為“先師”，孔子是中國歷史上最重要的教育家及哲學家。
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68.和親
和親政策可以追溯到西漢時期。當時西漢政府為了緩和與匈奴的關系，將公主嫁給匈奴部落的首領。人們對和親一直有著不同的看法。有人對和親持肯定態度，因為和親可以停止戰爭，與少數民族建立和平友好的關系。而另一些人則認為和親政策是一種妥協和投降。總的來說，和親政策有利有弊，應放在當時的歷史環境下來考慮。
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69.學中文熱
近年來，隨著政治及經濟實力的不斷提升，學中文的外國人越來越多。據統計，全球約有三千萬人正在學習中文，而這一人數還在不斷增加。在加拿大，雖然覺得漢語十分難學，但人們學中文的興趣卻與日俱增。他們喜歡中國文化，也意識到學習中文預示著更多的機遇。如今，孔子學院遍布世界各地，致力于推廣中國文化及語言。
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70. 馬可.波羅游歷中國
馬可.波羅是來自意大利的著名旅行家。他于1275年到達元朝的首都。從那時起他在中國游歷17年，訪問了中國的許多城市。回到意大利后，馬可.波羅與他人合作，寫下了《馬可.波羅游記》。在這本書里，馬可.波羅描繪了一個輝煌的東方世界，詳細介紹了中國的著名城市。該書一出版，就受到了歐洲人的熱烈歡迎，激起他們對東方文明的興趣。
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71.風箏
在中國，風箏具有獨特的藝術價值。風箏首先出現在春秋時代的戰爭中。隨著時代的發展，現在風箏已成為一項世界性的體育和休閑活動。風箏的主要材料為竹子和紙，并加以各種繪畫來裝飾。風箏具有各種形狀，如昆蟲、金魚和云彩等，大的可以達數百平方米，最小的甚至可以放在信封里。這些富有魅力的風箏反映了手工藝人的高超技藝。
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72.乒乓球
提到中國體育不能不說乒乓球。乒乓球為中國贏得了無數個世界冠軍，給國人帶來無窮的喜悅與自豪感。此外，乒乓球一直是中國人最喜愛的運動之一。無論在學校、社區，還是公園、廣場，都可以看到乒乓球和人們揮拍的身影。上至花甲老人，下至年幼孩童都可以揮上幾拍，這也是乒乓球被稱為中國國球的另一原因。
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73.七夕節
七夕節是中國最具浪漫色彩的傳統節日。每年農歷七月初七就是七夕節，亦稱“乞巧節”。七夕節起源于中國古代牛郎和織女的愛情神話，他們的故事感動了一代又一代的中國人。許多有情男女會在七夕的晚上祈禱自己的姻緣美滿，期望“有情人終成眷屬”。近年來，越來越多的都市青年男女把這個節日當作“中國情人節”來過。
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74.舞獅
舞獅是中國的一種傳統舞蹈形式，在重大節日和隆重活動中經常可以看到。舞獅起源于三國時期，至今已有1000多年的歷史。舞獅一般由兩人表演，一人舞獅頭，另一人舞獅身和獅尾。表演者在鑼鼓音樂的伴奏下，表演獅子的各種動作。舞獅隨著華人移居海外而聞名世界，尤其是在東南亞國家，但每一個國家和地區都有自己的舞獅風格。
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75.西湖
西湖是中國最著名的旅游景點之一。它位于浙江省省會杭州，水域面積約6平方公里。幾個世紀以來，西湖一直以其秀美風景和文化古跡而聞名于世。西湖三面環山，一面臨城，春夏秋冬各有特色，將自然、歷史、藝術巧妙地融合在一起。每年西湖都會吸引上千萬的游客到杭州觀光旅游，杭州也因其自身的魅力被稱之為“人間天堂”。
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76.新交規
在中國，交通安全是一個難題。據公安部統計，去年有6.2萬人死于交通事故。最近出臺的新交規正是改善交通安全的最新舉措。新修訂的交規大大加重了對違規司機的處罰力度。更為嚴厲的處罰必定會迫使司機遵守交規。專家表示，要想提升交通安全，就需要采取各種綜合措施來配合，而交通法規知識解決我國交通安全問題的其中一個方面。
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77.中國園林
迄今為止中國園林已有3000多年的悠久歷史。中國園林不僅是一種建筑形式，更是中國文化的標志。它集傳統建筑、園藝、繪畫和雕刻為一體，具有超高的藝術水平和獨特風格。中國園林體現了中華民族的創造力和審美觀。中國園林種類繁多，其中以江南的蘇州園林最為著名。蘇州園林以其幽靜、優雅與和諧文明于世。
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78.高考英語改革
據報道，北京市教委將對高考進行改革。英語的分數由150分減為100分，而語文由150分增至180分。現行的高考制度中，語文、數學、英語三門考試分數相同。有關官員稱，此次高考改革方案既是一個符合實際的決定，也是一項關乎民族自豪感的重大舉措，因為它強調了母語學習的基礎性重要地位。但是，也有專家稱此次高考改革只是微調，不會削減英語本身的重要性。
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79.京杭大運河
京杭大運河是中國古代勞動人民創造的一項偉大工程。有著2500多年歷史的大運河是世界上最古老、工程最大、里程最長的運河。春秋時期，吳國開鑿了從揚州到淮安的運河。后來歷經幾個朝代的翻建擴建，才形成現今的京杭大運河。運河北通北京南至杭州，全長約1794公里。它對中國南北地區經濟、文化發展與交流起了巨大作用。
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80. 漢語橋
“漢語橋”世界大學生中文比賽是由國家漢辦主辦的大規模國際性比賽。到目前為止，這個一年一度的比賽已經成功舉辦了12屆。今年的決賽共有來自77個不同國家的123名選手參加。該賽旨在激發各國學生學習漢語的興趣及加強世界對漢語和中國文化的了解。同時，這個比賽也建立起中國年輕大學生和其他國家學生之間溝通的橋梁。
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81. 風水
風水是一門使人與化境達到和諧的藝術，是中國哲學在環境上的反映。人們相信自然環境影響人的命運。他們期望通過調整建筑的設計與布局，達到人與環境和諧，并使人得益于環境。風水也有迷信的一面。如今風水在中國城市的年輕人中已不太時興，但在中國的農村、香港、臺灣地區以及新加坡和馬來西亞，風水仍然流行。
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82.鐵路發展
中國的鐵路建設始于清朝末年。自新中國成立后，中國的鐵路得到了飛速發展。目前中國擁有僅次于美國和俄羅斯的全球第三大鐵路網。在中國，鐵路是國家重要的基礎設施、大眾化的交通工具。每逢寒暑假、節假日，總會出現“一票難求”的現象。據報道，中國將優先發展西部地區，特別是貧困地區的鐵路，引導當地人民走向致富之路。
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83. 北京胡同
胡同是北京的一大特色，有著與北京城一樣久遠的歷史。最早的胡同出現在元朝，如今大部分胡同是在明清時代形成的。據專家考證，“胡同”一詞源于蒙古語的“井”。自古以來胡同都是北京城里普通市民生息的場所，可以說是北京平民文化的代表。但隨著人口的增加，很多古老的胡同已經消失，取而代之的是現代化的卻沒有特色的高樓大廈。
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84.高校博物館
館藏豐富的高校博物館無疑是一座“寶藏”。但令人遺憾的是，這座寶藏一直很少受到關注。最近，北京的一些高校公開表示將向公眾免費開放校內博物館。這一舉動為學術館藏走進普通大眾提供了一個良好的開端。但相對于許多世界一流學府的博物館一直都是游客和學者前往的著名景點而言，國內的高校博物館仍然有待發掘。
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85.李白
李白是唐朝的著名詩人。他和他的朋友杜甫是唐代中期中國詩歌繁盛時期最杰出的兩位人物。他一生四處游歷，寫下了大約1000首詩篇。這些詩堪稱是贊美友情、享受大自然和飲酒作樂的模板。他的詩浪漫、豪邁、想象力豐富。作為一個浪漫主義天才，李白把中國的傳統詩歌形式推向了一個新的高度，對后世的詩歌產生了深遠的影響。
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86.十二生肖
為了讓人們更好地記住年份，我們的祖先用12只動物來代表年份，即“十二生肖”。每一年由一種動物代表，每隔12年進行一個循環，從鼠開始，以豬尾結尾。每一種動物還有其獨特的文化內涵。例如，牛年出生的人據說“勤奮、冷靜、可靠”，虎年出生的人則“強大、勇敢、但又急躁”。十二生肖在亞洲的其他國家，如韓國和日本也很流行。
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87. 英劇在華流行
在中國視頻網站上，英劇已然成為新的焦點。中國一些主要門戶網站近日已經發布近1000集英劇。這些網站開始探索新的市場。中國著名的視頻網站-----搜狐日前也在運營英國頻道，其中既包含英劇，也有英國音樂。相比于美劇，英劇更短小精悍，也更深奧。根據中國一家公司的報告顯示，中國的英劇愛好者多位受過良好教育的年輕一族。
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88.中國式婚禮
中國傳統婚禮反映著中國的哲學思想。婚禮上總是用紅色的東西來表達祝福和尊重。這是因為中國人將紅色看作是幸福、成功和好運的象征。婚姻不僅是一對新人的結合，也象征著兩個家庭的結合。邀請親朋好友來參加婚禮體現著人與人之間的關系和禮節。婚禮上奏樂的聲音通常很響，響到足以讓自然“聽到”，同時也證明婚姻的重要性。
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89. 中國漢字書寫退化
復雜的漢字書寫體系是中國古代文化遺留下來的瑰寶。而這一體系正面臨著退化的命運。隨著電腦和智能手機的迅速發展和普及，年輕人拿起筆卻寫不出字來的現象越來越常見。若不借助電子產品的幫助，很多人難以寫出10萬個日常用字。為此，中央電視臺開播了一檔漢字聽寫比賽節目，以引起人們對漢字的重視，幫助觀眾提高漢字書寫能力。
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90.中國體育
中國的體育運動經歷了幾千年的發展，但直到1949年中華人民共和國成立才成為一項國家事業。在過去的50多年中，我國的體育運動取得了可喜的成績。2008年，北京成功舉辦了第29屆奧運會，使這次奧運會成為弘揚奧林匹克精神、促進世界和平、增進各國人民友誼的一次盛會。目前，為更好地發展中國體育，一個全國范圍的體育運動網已經建立起來了。
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91.中國形象宣傳片
每個國家的形象宣傳片都希望能讓世界更好地了解中國。中國國家形象宣傳片在紐約的播放引起了世界關注。這則長達60秒的宣傳片以中國紅為主色調，通過文化和生活方式展現中國的“軟實力”。宣傳片展示了中國各行各業的代表，包括名人和許多面帶微笑的普通百姓。中國希望通過該宣傳片提升國家形象，展現一個繁榮發展、民主進步的中國。
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92.“土豪”新詞
眼下，“土豪”當屬中國最熱門詞匯之一，用來指稱那些受教育不多且品味差的富人們。這是中國網友運用聰明才智和創造力為老詞注入新生命的又一個例子。“土豪”曾指那些有錢有勢、剝削農民的地主們。幾年前，當中國魔獸玩家用它來指代那些為強大的虛擬武器一擲千金的有錢玩家時，它的意思就徹底變了。如今，“土豪”這個詞已經被引入日常語言之中。
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93.春節假日經濟
在春節期間，消費熱潮達到了頂點。越來越多的人走出家門到餐館吃年夜飯。在春節前的幾個月，很多餐館就已經被訂滿了。珠寶店和服裝店同樣生意興隆。春節也是娛樂最佳時機。去年春節黃金周期間電影的票房總收入高達4.8億元。年輕人喜歡利用春節假期進行旅游，因此盡管門票和食宿價格飛漲，景區里還是人山人海。
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94. 國際道路運輸路線
不久前，一條新的國際道路運輸路線開通。這條線路連接廣西崇左市和越南下龍市，長達400公里。它將兩個城市之間的公路出行時間縮短至7.5小時。這兩個城市的旅游業都有著良好的發展前景。崇左市因其美麗的跨國瀑布和獨具魅力的民族文化吸引了大量的游客。下龍市則毗鄰越南著名的旅游勝地下龍灣。中越兩國都希望借此線路促進兩國旅游業的發展。
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95. 公共場所禁煙
中國實行在公共場所禁止吸煙的規定。此舉旨在遏制死于與吸煙有關的疾病的人數，并保護那些不抽煙民眾的健康。然而禁煙令的有效性卻遭到了質疑，因為它沒有明確規定如何處罰那些違反規定的人。在中國，大約有3億煙民。很多商家因為抽煙客人的抱怨并不歡迎禁煙令。禁煙令涉及的公共場所包括酒店、飯店、劇院和火車站候車室等，卻不包括包公場所。
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96.農民工
中國的農民工是從農村到城市來尋找工作的農民。他們在建筑工地、工廠、飯店以及家政服務業尋求工作。這些農民工推動著中國經濟的快速增長。據報道，去年中國有1.67億農民工。這個龐大的群體時常面臨著被拖欠工資、缺乏工傷賠償和醫療保障，以及子女上學難等諸多問題。近幾年，中國政府日益改善農民工的權益。
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97.絲綢之路
絲綢之路是中國古代的一條商業貿易路線。絲綢之路以古代中國的政治、經濟、文化中心---古都長安為起點，一直延伸至中亞、北非、和歐洲。它最初的作用是出口中國生產的絲綢。隨著時間的推移，絲綢之路逐漸變成了一條連接東西方的主要道路，促進了東西方的經濟文化交流。后來，有學者把所有溝通中西方的商路統稱為絲綢之路。
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98.智能手機
智能手機日益滲入人們的生活。許多年輕人似乎一刻也離不開它。在大街上，經常可以看到一些年輕人不停地用智能手機拍照，添加一段說明，然后放到微博或微信上。的確，智能手機為人們的溝通提供了前所未有的便利：它讓人們能隨時隨地與朋友互動，分享新鮮事。但是，相關學者對此也表示了擔憂。因為智能手機反而使身邊的人疏遠了。
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99.重陽節
中國的重陽節由來已久。人們普遍認為重陽節源于“辟邪”。這一天的活動，包括登山、賞菊、喝菊花酒等。隨著時間的推移，它變成了一個慶祝的節日。這天，家人團聚在一起，也會紀念家族的祖先。1989年，我國把這一天定為老人節，表達我們對老人的尊敬與愛戴，使這個節日在新的歷史時期繼續發揮文化傳承的作用。
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100.比較烤鴨
俗話說，“到北京，不到長城非好漢，不吃烤鴨真遺憾！”烤鴨是北京的地方風味，已有1600多年的歷史。對于那些想更多地了解中國菜和中國文化習俗的人來說，北京烤鴨就是一個不錯的選擇。脆皮和嫩肉是北京烤鴨的特點。北京最出名的老字號烤鴨店是“全聚德”。創建于1864年的全聚德備受各國元首、政府官員及國內外游客喜愛。
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51.Respecting the elderly is one of the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation. The Double Ninth Festival is to advocate filial piety and respect for the elders. China’s law defines that it is grown-up children’s responsibility to support their parents. Grown-up children living apart from their parents should give parents the living allowances and help them with the house work. However, due to the development of society and the pressure from life, now more and more young people fail to go home often to visit their parents. In July, 2013, “regularly visit aging parents” was put into the law.
52.The credit card was introduced into China in 1985. Since then, credit cards were issued at an astonishing rate, reaching 285 million by 2011. Credit cards bring consumers a variety of benefits. When paying the bills with credit cards, card holders don’t need to carry large amounts of cash and they are frequently offered some extra rewards. In addition, card holders can get a certain amount of loans from the card issuing institutions. However, card holders are often encouraged to overspend and purchase the goods they don’t really need.
53.Family is the basic unit of the society. Its structure changes along with the development of the society. In China’s feudal society which lasted thousand years, most families consisted of several generations, with the male members making all the important decisions. During the last hundred years, great changes have taken place in Chinese family concept, and accordingly in the Chines family structure. Large families began to divide into smaller families and stem families. There also appear many nuclear families composed of a couple and their unmarried children.
54.Great achievements have been made in Chinese auto industry in the recent 30 years. In the 1970s, China was making fewer than 3000 cars a year. While in the last year, both production and sales of cars in China have exceeded 10 million, topping the world. The Chinese brand cars have made noticeable improvements. Some China’s leading makers, such as SAIC, Geely , are beginning to launch their brands overseas. Last year they exported 900 thousand cars and the number will continue to grow.
55.The Chinese acrobatics has a long history and rich national flavor. It is one of the Chinese favorite art forms. Acrobatics combines strength and skill. It closely relates to people’s production and daily life activities with props being bowls, plates, ladders, and so on. In old China, acrobatics was never performed in theatres because it was looked down upon by the feudal class. Since the founding of new China, the Chinese government has made great efforts to develop national arts, giving acrobatics a new life.
56.Xi’an is the capital of 13 ancient Chinese dynasties. It is no doubt the perfect representative of Chinese history and culture. With the longest history of being a capital and the greatest influence in China’s history, it tops all the Chinese ancient capitals. It is the starting point of the Silk Road as well as the birthplace of Chinese culture. Filled with amazing historic wonders, Xi’an is attracting a large member of tourists from home and abroad. It boasts the oldest and most spectacular museums and temples in China, among which the most famous is the 2000-year-old Terracotta Warriors Museum.
57.The instant noodle was invented by a Japanese in 1958. Despite its little nutrition, it is delicious and a hunger killer, so it has been developing rapidly since its birth. Now, China has become the world’s largest producer and consumer of instant noodles. China’s annual production of instant noodles is around 50 billion packages, accounting for over 50 percent of the world’s total. For China, with such a large population, it is crucial to develop the instant noodle industry. It plays an important role in expanding consumption and demand, especially in hunger and disaster relief.
58.Pawnshops are one of the oldest financial businesses in China. They have long provided people with cash during desperate times. But over the past few decades, pawnshops have disappeared gradually. Now they are welcoming a new booming era. The reason is that pawnshops can provide swift and convenient financial services to customers. In addition, items like gold, jewellery, watches and others valuable can be pawned. By the end of the year before last, more than 5000 pawnshops were opened around the country with a total transaction of over 200 billion RMB.
59.Yao Ming is China’s first global basketball superstar with a personal wealth at more than $1 billion. Yao Ming quit the game because of repeated foot and leg injuries in the year before last. Four months later, he enrolled in a famous university in Shanghai. He is taking a tailored degree program with mostly one-on-one lectures. A state media said, the former basketball superstar had a “strong desire” for academic studies. But Yao Ming also expressed fears that he might have a tight schedule with little time for study.
60.Leftover women often refer to those who remain single at the age 30 or above. In the cities, a growing number of well educated and professional females join the ranks of leftover women, so most of them have a booming income. Though some leftover women claimed that “I am happy being single “, the phenomenon of leftover women began to widely attract social attention and became a social problem. In order to solve this problem, some local governments in China have started to organize matchmaking events, where unmarried young women are expected to meet their Mr. Rights.
61.In 2010, a micro film named Old Boy was posted on a video site and became very popular. From then on, micro films began to flourish. A micro film can last anywhere between three minutes to half an hour. Low cost coupled with easy shooting procedure gives many grassroots artists opportunities to make micro films. The preference for watching TV programs online offers a perfect opportunity for micro films. In this fast-paced society, micro films can tackle the problem of lack of entertainment time.
62.The Spring Festival is the most important holiday in China. Watching the Spring Festival Gala is an important part for Chinese people to celebrate the festival. This annual Gala is broadcast live on CCTV, which begins at 8:00 p.m. on the Chinese New Year’s Eve and lasts for about 4 hours. It produces colorful programs, featuring songs, dances, comedies and drama performances. The audience can vote on their favorite programs of the Gala by phone, by text message or through the Internet while enjoying the Gala. The results of the vote are announced 15 days later in the Lantern Festival Gala.
63.In China, rich production is an important part of the national economy. As early as 4000 B.C., the Chinese started rice cultivation which later gradually spread all over the world. At present, China is the world’s largest producer of rice, producing 26% of the world rice output. The rice crop in China grows primarily in provinces along the Yangtze River and in the South. Rice is an important staple food for Chinese , particularly the southerners. In addition, rice can be used to make wine and sugar and used as industrial materials.
64.The Uygur is an Chinese ethnic minority. Uygur people like to drink milk tea, eat meat and nang baked with flour. They have their own spoken and written languages. Uygur literature is of a unique ethnic style, among which the Story of Afanti is favored by all ethnic groups in China. The Uygur people are good at singing and dancing. They will invite guests to join them in their traditional folk dance in festivals and wedding ceremonies. Their folk songs sound beautiful and are widely sung.
65.World Expo 2010 was held in Shanghai from May 1 to Oct.31.190 countries and 56 international organizations participated in the Expo. More than 73 million tourists from home and abroad visited the Expo Park, reaching the largest number of attendance in all Expos. The theme of the Shanghai Expo is “Better City, Better Life”, which reflects human’s wish for a more livable environment and a better life. The China Pavillion was one of the most popular pavillions among all in the Expo Park.
66.Along the River during the Qingming Festival is one of Chinese famous paintings. Painted by Zhang Zeduan, a painter in the Northern Song Dynasty, this painting is now kept in the Palace Museum. The painting is 25.5 centimeters wide and 525 centimeters long. In the painting, the painter had captured the natural scenes and daily life of people of the capital during the Qingming Festival in the Northern Song Dynasty. The painting is considered as a national treasure for its very high historic and artistic values.
67.In China, the Teacher’s Day on the September 10 is an important day on which people express their respect to their teachers in a variety of ways. For some recent years, many experts have been hoping to change the date of Teacher’s Day. Some scholars in traditional Chinese culture suggested that the Teacher’s Day should have historical and cultural associations. Not long ago, the department concerned considered moving Teacher’s Day to Sept.28, which is believed to be the birthday of Confucius. As the First Teacher, Confucius is the most important educationalist and philosopher in Chinese history.
68.The policy of peace-making marriage can date back to the Western Han Dynasty. At that time, the government of Western Han married its princesses to the heads of Xiongnu tribes in order to smooth out the relationship between the two parties. People always have different opinions towards the policy. Some people hold a positive attitude towards it, as peace-making marriage can put an end to the war and build up a peaceful and friendly relationship with the minority groups. But others consider the policy a kind of compromise and surrender. Generally speaking, the policy of peace-making marriage had its pros and cons, which should be considered under the historical circumstance at that time.
69.In recent years, as China’s political and economic power is on the rise, more and more foreigners are learning Chinese. According to statistics, there are about 30 million people learning Chinese around the world, and this number is still increasing. In Canada, although people find Chinese very difficult, they still show growing interest in its study. They like Chinese culture, and also realize that learning Chinese may mean more opportunities. Today, Confucius Institutes are set up worldwide, committing itself to promoting Chinese culture and language.
70.Marco Polo was a famous traveler from Italy. He arrived at the capital of the Yuan Dynasty in 1275. From then on he spent 17 years in touring China, visiting many cities around it. After he returned to Italy, he cooperated with others to write a book named The Travels of Marco Polo. In this book, Marco Polo described a glorious Eastern world, and introduced in detail some Chinese famous cities. After its publication, the book was warmly welcomed by the Europeans, arousing their interest in Eastern cultures
71.The kite is considered to have unique artistic value in China. First appeared in the wars of the Spring and Autumn Period, now with the development of times, it has become a worldwide sport and leisure activity. It is mainly made of bamboo and paper and decorated with various kinds of paintings. With different shapes such as, goldfish and cloud, a large kite can measure hundreds of square meters while the smallest can even be put into an envelope. These attractive kites show the superb skills of the craftsmen
72.When it comes to China sports, we cannot avoid mentioning table tennis. This sport has helped China win countless world championships, bringing Chinese people a lot of happiness and s sense of pride. In addition, table tennis has always been one of the favorite sports of the Chinese people. You will see table tennis and its players everywhere, no matter in schools, residential areas, parks or squares. Both elder people and children are able to play it more or less. This is another reason why it is called the “Chinese National Ball”.
73.The Double Seventh Festival is the most romantic traditional Chinese festival. Also known as “Qiqiao Festival “, it falls annually on the 7th day of the 7th month of the lunar calendar. The festival came from an ancient Chinese romantic fairy tale about the Cowherd and the Weaver Maid, which has deeply moved generations of Chinese people. Many men and women in love usually pray for a happy marriage on that night, hoping for “a happy ending for true love”. In recent years, more and more youths in cities celebrate the Double Seventh Festival as Chinese Valentine’s Day.
74.Lion dance is a form of traditional dance in China, which can be often seen in important festivals and great events. With a history of over 1000 years, lion dance date back to the Three Kingdoms Period. There are usually two performers in lion dance, one handling the lion’s head, and the other playing the body and the tail. They perform all kinds of lion’s movements to the music played by gongs and drums. As the Chinese migrate abroad, lion dance is famous all over the world, especially in Southeast Asian countries, however, each country and region has its own dancing style.
75.The West Lake is one of the most famous tourist attractions in China. Located in Hangzhou, provincial capital of Zhejiang Province, it covers a water area of around 6 square kilometers. For centuries, it has been well-known for both its beautiful landscape and cultural heritages. The West Lake is surrounded by mountains on three sides and the remaining side is connected with the city. It has its unique features in different seasons, combining skillfully nature, history and art. Every year, the West Lake attracts tens of millions of visitors to Hangzhou, which is known as “paradise on earth” because of its charm.
76.Road safety has become a problem in China. According to the Ministry of Public Security, 62000 people died from traffic accidents last year. The new traffic regulations put into the practice recently are the latest measure to improve road safety. The newly revised regulations impose much heavier punishment on drivers who violate traffic rules. The severer punishment will surely force drivers to follow traffic regulations. Experts say that to achieve better road safety, various and comprehensive methods are needed, and traffic regulations are only a part of the solution to the road safety problems in China.
77.Up till now, Chinese has had a long history of over 3000 years. It is not only a kind of architecture, but also a symbol of Chinese culture. With superb artistic levels and unique styles, Chinese Garden is a combination of traditional architecture, gardening, painting and carving. Chinese Garden gives expression to the creativity and taste for beauty of Chinese people. There are many kinds of Chinese Gardens, among which Suzhou Garden in the south is the most famous. Suzhou Garden is known for its peacefulness, gracefulness and harmony.
78.According to the report, the Beijing Municipal Commission of Education plans to reform on the college admission test. The English score will decrease from 150 points down to 100 points while the Chinese score will increase from 150 up to 180 points. Currently, the test weighs English, Chinese and maths equally. Officials concerned said that this reform was not only a practical decision but also a matter of national pride because this change highlighted the fundamental importance of mother tongue learning. But some experts claimed that the reform was just a minor adjustment without reducing the importance of English.
79.The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal is a great project created by working people in ancient China. With a history of more than 2500 years, it is the longest, and the most ancient canal in the world. In the Spring and Autumn Period, the State of Wu dug a canal from Yangzhou to Huai’an. Later on, the canal had been successively restored and expanded in several dynasties to the existing Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal. The Grand Canal reached Beijing in the north and extended to Hangzhou in the south with a length of about 1794 km. It has been playing a very important role in promoting the economic and cultural developments and exchanges between the north and the south areas in China.
80.The “Chinese Bridge” Chinese Proficiency Competition for Foreign College Students is a large scale international competition sponsored by the Office of Chinese Language Council International. So far this yearly event has been successfully held for 12 times. A total of 123 contestants from 77 different countries participated in the finals this year. The “Chinese Bridge” Competition aims to arouse the interest of students in various countries in learning Chinese and strengthen the world’s understanding of Chinese language and culture. It also builds a communication bridge between young college students of China and other countries.
81.Fengshui, an art of harmonizing people with their environment, is the reflection of Chinese philosophy in environment. People believe that the natural environment affects people’s fortunes. They expect to achieve harmony with the environment, and benefit from it through adjusting the design and layout of their houses. Fengshui is also of superstition on its side. Nowadays, it is not much popular with young Chinese in the cities, but it is still welcomed in Chinese rual areas, Hong Kong and Taiwan as well as countries like Singapore and Malaysia.
82.Railway construction in China began in the late Qing Dynasty. Chinese railway has been rapidly development since the founding of New China. Currently, China has the world’s third largest railway network only second to the United States and Russia. Railway is an important infrastructure of the country and a popular traffic tool. During the summer and winter vacations, and national holidays, Chinese travelers always find it difficult to get a train ticket. It is reported that China will prioritize railway development in western regions, particularly the poor areas, to lead to wealth for local people.
83.Hutong, with a history as long as that of Beijing city, is a major feature of Beijing. Hutong first appeared during the Yuan Dynasty, and most of today’s Hutongs were formed during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. According to experts, the word “Hutong” came from Mongolian language, meaning “a well”. Hutong has always been the living place for ordinary residents since ancient times and it’s said to be a representative of Beijing civilian culture. However, with the increase of the population, many old Hutongs have disappeared to make way for modern but not characterized high-rise buildings.
84.The university museums boasting vast collections are undoubtedly “ a palace of treasure”. Regrettably, however, this treasure has been receiving little attention. Recently, some universities in Beijing announce that their museums will grant free access to the public, which is a good start to bring academic collections closer to the general public. But as many world-class university museums have long been famous attractions for tourists and scholars, the domestic university museums are still waiting to be discovered.
85.Li Bai was a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty. He and his friend Du Fu were two most prominent figures in the flourishing of Chinese poetry in the mid-Tang Dynasty. He traveled around the country in his lifetime, composing about 1000 pieces of poems which were models for celebrating the friendship,appreciating the nature and the joys of drinking wine. His poems are romantic with heroic style and rich imagination. As a romantic genius, Li Bai took traditional poetic forms to a new height and exerted a far-reaching influence on the poems of the future generation,
86.In order to remember the years more easily, our ancestors used twelve animals to represent the years,which is called the “Chinese Zodiac‘。 Every year is represented by an animal and every 12 years comes in a circle beginning with Rat and ending with Pig. Each animal has its unique cultural connotations. For example, a person born in the Year of Ox is said to be hard working, calm, and reliable, while person born in the Year of Tiger is powerful, brave, and impatient. The Chinese Zodiac remains popular as well in other Asian countries, such as Korea and Japan.
87.British dramas are the new focus for Chinese video websites. Some major websites in China have recently released about 1000 episodes of British dramas to explore the new market. Sohu, a famous video website in China, is running a British channel that includes not only TV dramas, but also British music. Compared with American shows, British dramas are shorter and more sophisticated. A report released by a Chinese company shows that British drama lovers in China are mostly young and well-educated.
88.Traditional Chinese weddings reflect Chinese philosophy. People always fill their weddings with red things to express blessings and respects, for they regard the color red as the symbol of happiness, success, and good luck. A marriage is not only a combination of the couple but also the symbol of the unity of two families. Inviting relatives and friends to the wedding symbolizes the relationships and the formality between people. The sound of musical instruments in the wedding is usually loud enough to make nature know and to demonstrate the importance of the marriage.
89.The complex writing system of Chinese characters is a treasure of Chinese ancient culture. But this system is facing a decline. With the rapid development and popularity of computers and smart phones comes a more commonly seen phenomenon that young people are barely able to write with pen in hand. Without the help of an electronic product, many people find it hard to write 10000 characters frequently used in daily life. Thus, the CCTV launched a program, “Chinese Character Dictation Competition”, to arouse people’s attention to Chinese characters and improve the audience’s handwriting ability.
90.China’s sports have undergone thousands of years of development. Bu it was not regarded as an undertaking of the state until 1949 when the People’s Republic of China was founded. In the past 50-odd years, great achievements have been made in China’s sports. Beijing hosted the 29th Olympic Games in 2008 successfully, making it a grand gathering that carried forward the Olympic spirit, promoted world peace, and enhanced the friendship among people of the world. Now a nationwide network for sports has been set up to develop China’s sports in a better way.
91.Any national promotional video is supposed to promote better understanding of the country. China’s promotional video aired in New York attracted the world’d attention. The 60-second video, displayed dominantly with China’s traditional red color, shows China’s “soft power” through culture and lifestyle. The video features a wide range of Chinese people----including celebrities and lots of ordinary, smiling Chines. With the video, China hopes to improve its image as a prosperous, developing, democratic and progressive nation.
92.One of the hottest buzzwords in China right now is “tuhao”, a term referring to rich people of little education and poor taste. This is another example of Chinese Internet users applying their wisdom and creativity to an aged phrase to give it a new life. The term used to mean rich and powerful landlords who exploited peasants. But a few years ago when Chinese players of the computer game “World of Warcraft” adapted this term to refer to rich players who spend big money on powerful virtual weapons,its meaning changed significantly. Now, this term has been introduced into daily conversation.
93.The consumption boom peaks during the Spring Festival. More and more people go out to have their reunion dinners in restaurants, many of which have been booked to capacity several months in advance. Jewelry shops and clothing shops also have a roaring trade. The Spring Festival is also a prime time for entertainment. Box office receipts during last Spring Festival Golden Week amounted to RMB 480 million. Younger citizens enjoy going on tours during this vacation. As a result, the scenic spots are packed with overcrowded tourists,although admission fees and prices of food and accommodations are soaring.
94.A new transnational highway opened not long ago. The highway connects Chongzuo city in Guangxi Province and Ha Long city in Vietnam with a length of 400 kilometers. It shortens bus travel time between the two cities to 7.5 hours. Both the tourism industries in the two cities enjoy a bright prospect for development. Chongzuo attracts a great number of tourists with its beautiful transnational waterfalls and charming ethnic culture, while Ha Long is next to Ha Long Bay, a famous tourist attraction in Vietnam. The highway is expected to boost the development of the tourism industries in the two countries.
95.A ban on smoking in public places has come into force in China. The move is aimed at curbing the number of deaths from smoking-related diseases and protecting the health of other nonsmoking people. But the ban has been questioned on its effectiveness because it doesn’t specify any penalty for those violating the rules. The number fo smokers in China stands at around 300 million. Many businesses don’t welcome the ban because of the complaints about such rules from their customers who smoke. The ban prohibits smoking in public places such as hotels, restaurants, theatres and waiting rooms at railway stations, but not in the workplace.
96.China’s migrant workers are farmers from the countryside looking for jobs in the cities. They power the country’s fast-growing economy by working in construction sites, factories, restaurants and home services industry. There were reportedly 167 million migrant workers in China last year. The huge group often faces various problems such as pay arrears and has been improving migrant worker’s rights.
97.The Silk Road is a trade route in ancient China. It started from the ancient capital Chang’an that was the center of politics, economy and culture in ancient China, and stretched all the way to Central Asia, North Africa and Europe. Its original function was to export the silk produced in China. As time went by, the Silk Road gradually became a main road connecting the East and the West, promoting the economic and cultural exchanges between the two parties. Later, some experts call all the trade routes between China and the West “the Silk Road”.
98.Smart phone increasingly penetrates into people’s lives. It seems that many young people can’t live a moment without it. In the streets, we can often see that young people are busy taking pictures and typing some information on their smart phones, before posting them on their microblogs or WeChat. Indeed, smart phones provide great convenience for people by letting them interact with friends anywhere anytime and share something new. However, some scholars concerned express concern towards it. Smart phones are driving their users away from people around them.
99.The Double Ninth Festival in China has a long history. It is widely believed that the festival came from the activities of “warding off evil” on that day, including climbing hills, appreciating chrysanthemums and drinking chrysanthemums wine. Over time it became a day of celebration. On this day, people come together for family reunion and remember their ancestors. In 1989, the Chinese government made this day Seniors’ Day to show our respect and love to the elder people. This festival, therefore, continues to play a role in carrying on culture in the new era.
100.As a Chinese saying goes, “ No visit to Beijing is complete if you miss seeing the Great Wall or dining on Beijing Roast Duck”.With a history of over 1600 years, Roast Duck is the local flavor of Beijing. For those who want to learn more about Chinese dishes, cultures and customs, it is really a good choice Beijing Roast Duck is characterized by it crisp skin and tender meat. The most well-known centuries-old Roast Duck restaurant in Beijing is Quanjude. Set up in 1864, it is much loved by heads of state, government officials and tourists from home and abroad.
